10 C.F.R. Subpart D—Preclosure Guidelines
Title 10 - Energy
The guidelines in this subpart specify the factors to be considered in evaluating and comparing sites on the basis of expected repository performance before closure. The preclosure guidelines are separated into three system guidelines and eleven technical guidelines. (a) Qualifying conditions—(1) Preclosure radiological safety. Any projected radiological exposures of the general public and any projected releases of radioactive materials to restricted and unrestricted areas during repository operation and closure shall meet the applicable safety requirements set forth in 10 CFR part 20, 10 CFR part 60, and 40 CFR 191, subpart A (see appendix II of this part). (2) Environment, socioeconomics, and transportation. During repository siting, construction, operation, closure, and decommissioning the public and the environment shall be adequately protected from the hazards posed by the disposal of radioactive waste. (3) Ease and cost of siting, construction, operation, and closure. Repository siting, construction, operation, and closure shall be demonstrated to be technically feasible on the basis of reasonably available technology, and the associated costs shall be demonstrated to be reasonable relative to other available and comparable siting options. The technical guidelines in this subpart set forth qualifying, favorable, potentially adverse, and, in seven guidelines, disqualifying conditions for the characteristics, processes, and events that influence the suitability of a site relative to the preclosure system guidelines. These conditions are separated into three main groups: Preclosure radiological safety; environment, socioeconomics, and transportation; and ease and cost of siting, construction, operation, and closure. The first group includes conditions on population density and distribution, site ownership and control, meteorology, and offsite installations and operations. The second group includes conditions related to environmental quality and socioeconomic impacts in areas potentially affected by a repository and to the transportation of waste to a repository site. The third group includes conditions on the surface characteristics of the site, the characteristics of the host rock and surrounding strata, hydrology, and tectonics. The individual technical guidelines within each group, as well as the favorable conditions and the potentially adverse conditions under each guideline, are not listed in any assumed order of importance. The technical guidelines that follow establish conditions that shall be considered in determining compliance with the qualifying conditions of the preclosure system guidelines. For each technical guideline, an evaluation of qualification or disqualification shall be made in accordance with the requirements specified in subpart B. (a) Qualifying condition. The site shall be located such that, during repository operation and closure, (1) the expected average radiation dose to members of the public within any highly populated area will not be likely to exceed a small fraction of the limits allowable under the requirements specified in §960.5–1(a)(1), and (2) the expected radiation dose to any member of the public in an unrestricted area will not be likely to exceed the limit allowable under the requirements specified in §960.5–1(a)(1). (b) Favorable conditions. (1) A low population density in the general region of the site. (2) Remoteness of site from highly populated areas. (c) Potentially adverse conditions. (1) High residential, seasonal, or daytime population density within the projected site boundaries. (2) Proximity of the site to highly populated areas, or to areas having at least 1,000 individuals in an area 1 mile by 1 mile as defined by the most recent decennial count of the U.S. census. (d) Disqualifying conditions. A site shall be disqualified if— (1) Any surface facility of a repository would be located in a highly populated area; or (2) Any surface facility of a repository would be located adjacent to an area 1 mile by 1 mile having a population of not less than 1,000 individuals as enumerated by the most recent U.S. census; or (3) The DOE could not develop an emergency preparedness program which meets the requirements specified in DOE Order 5500.3 (Reactor and Non-Reactor Facility Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Response Program for Department of Energy Operations) and related guides or, when issued by the NRC, in 10 CFR part 60, subpart I, “Emergency Planning Criteria.” (a) Qualifying condition. The site shall be located on land for which the DOE can obtain, in accordance with the requirements of 10 CFR 60.121, ownership, surface and subsurface rights, and control of access that are required in order that surface and subsurface activities during repository operation and closure will not be likely to lead to radionuclide releases to an unrestricted area greater than those allowable under the requirements specified in §960.5–1(a)(1). (b) Favorable condition. Present ownership and control of land and all surface and subsurface mineral and water rights by the DOE. (c) Potentially adverse condition. Projected land-ownership conflicts that cannot be successfully resolved through voluntary purchase-sell agreements, nondisputed agency-to-agency transfers of title, or Federal condemnation proceedings. (a) Qualifying condition. The site shall be located such that expected meteorological conditions during repository operation and closure will not be likely to lead to radionuclide releases to an unrestricted area greater than those allowable under the requirements specified in §960.5–1(a)(1). (b) Favorable condition. Prevailing meteorological conditions such that any radioactive releases to the atmosphere during repository operation and closure would be effectively dispersed, thereby reducing significantly the likelihood of unacceptable exposure to any member of the public in the vicinity of the repository. (c) Potentially adverse conditions. (1) Prevailing meteorological conditions such that radioactive emissions from repository operation of closure could be preferentially transported toward localities in the vicinity of the repository with higher population densities than are the average for the region. (2) History of extreme weather phenomena—such as hurricanes, tornadoes, severe floods, or severe and frequent winter storms—that could significantly affect repository operation or closure. (a) Qualifying condition. The site shall be located such that present projected effects from nearby industrial, transportation, and military installations and operations, including atomic energy defense activities, (1) will not significantly affect repository siting, construction, operation, closure, or decommissioning or can be accommodated by engineering measures and (2), when considered together with emissions from repository operation and closure, will not be likely to lead to radionuclide releases to an unrestricted area greater than those allowable under the requirements specified in §960.5–1(a)(1). (b) Favorable condition. Absence of contributing radioactive releases from other nuclear installations and operations that must be considered under the requirements of 40 CFR 191, subpart A. (c) Potentially adverse conditions. (1) The presence of nearby potentially hazardous installations or operations that could adversely affect repository operation or closure. (2) Presence of other nuclear installations and operations, subject to the requirements of 40 CFR part 190 or 40 CFR part 191, subpart A, with actual or projected releases near the maximum value permissible under those standards. (d) Disqualifying condition. A site shall be disqualified if atomic energy defense activities in proximity to the site are expected to conflict irreconcilably with repository siting, construction, operation, closure, or decommissioning.
Title 10: Energy
PART 960—GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR THE PRELIMINARY SCREENING OF POTENTIAL SITES FOR A NUCLEAR WASTE REPOSITORY
Subpart D—Preclosure Guidelines
§ 960.5 Preclosure guidelines.
§ 960.5-1 System guidelines.
§ 960.5-2 Technical guidelines.
Preclosure Radiological Safety
§ 960.5-2-1 Population density and distribution.
§ 960.5-2-2 Site ownership and control.
§ 960.5-2-3 Meteorology.
§ 960.5-2-4 Offsite installations and operations.
Environment, Socioeconomics, and Transportation
§ 960.5-2-5 Environmental quality.
(a) Qualifying condition. The site shall be located such that (1) the quality of the environment in the affected area during this and future generations will be adequately protected during repository siting, construction, operation, closure, and decommissioning, and projected environmental impacts in the affected area can be mitigated to an acceptable degree, taking into account programmatic, technical, social, economic, and environmental factors; and (2) the requirements specified in §960.5–1(a)(2) can be met.
(b) Favorable conditions. (1) Projected ability to meet, within time constraints, all Federal, State, and local procedural and substantive environmental requirements applicable to the site and the activities proposed to take place thereon.
(2) Potential significant adverse environmental impacts to present and future generations can be mitigated to an insignificant level through the application of reasonable measures, taking into account programmatic, technical, social, economic, and environmental factors.
(c) Potentially adverse conditions. (1) Projected major conflict with applicable Federal, State, or local environmental requirements.
(2) Projected significant adverse environmental impacts that cannot be avoided or mitigated.
(3) Proximity to, or projected significant adverse environmental impacts of the repository or its support facilities on, a component of the National Park System, the National Wildlife Refuge System, the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, the National Wilderness Preservation System, or National Forest Land.
(4) Proximity to, and projected significant adverse environmental impacts of the repository or its support facilities on, a significant State or regional protected resource area, such as a State park, a wildlife area, or a historical area.
(5) Proximity to, and projected significant adverse environmental impacts of the repository and its support facilities on, a significant Native American resource, such as a major Indian religious site, or other sites of unique cultural interest.
(6) Presence of critical habitats for threatened or endangered species that may be compromised by the repository or its support facilities.
(d) Disqualifying conditions. Any of the following conditions shall disqualify a site:
(1) During repository siting, construction, operation, closure, or decommissioning the quality of the environment in the affected area could not be adequately protected or projected environmental impacts in the affected area could not be mitigated to an acceptable degree, taking into account programmatic, technical, social, economic, and environmental factors.
(2) Any part of the restricted area or repository support facilities would be located within the boundaries of a component of the National Park System, the National Wildlife Refuge System, the National Wilderness Preservation System, or the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System.
(3) The presence of the restricted area or the repository support facilities would conflict irreconcilably with the previously designated resource-preservation use of a component of the National Park System, the National Wildlife Refuge System, the National Wilderness Preservation System, the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, or National Forest Lands, or any comparably significant State protected resource that was dedicated to resource preservation at the time of the enactment of the Act.
§ 960.5-2-6 Socioeconomic impacts.
(a) Qualifying condition. The site shall be located such that (1) any significant adverse social and/or economic impacts induced in communities and surrounding regions by repository siting, construction, operation, closure, and decommissioning can be offset by reasonable mitigation or compensation, as determined by a process of analysis, planning, and consultation among the DOE, affected State and local government jurisdictions, and affected Indian tribes; and (2) the requirements specified in §960.5–1(a)(2) can be met.
(b) Favorable conditions. (1) Ability of an affected area to absorb the project-related population changes without significant disruptions of community services and without significant impacts on housing supply and demand.
(2) Availability of an adequate labor force in the affected area.
(3) Projected net increases in employment and business sales, improved community services, and increased government revenues in the affected area.
(4) No projected substantial disruption of primary sectors of the economy of the affected area.
(c) Potentially adverse conditions. (1) Potential for significant repository-related impacts on community services, housing supply and demand, and the finances of State and local government agencies in the affected area.
(2) Lack of an adequate labor force in the affected area.
(3) Need for repository-related purchase or acquisition of water rights, if such rights could have significant adverse impacts on the present or future development of the affected area.
(4) Potential for major disruptions of primary sectors of the economy of the affected area.
(d) Disqualifying condition. A site shall be disqualified if repository construction, operation, or closure would significantly degrade the quality, or significantly reduce the quantity, of water from major sources of offsite supplies presently suitable for human consumption or crop irrigation and such impacts cannot be compensated for, or mitigated by, reasonable measures.
§ 960.5-2-7 Transportation.
(a) Qualifying condition. The site shall be located such that (1) the access routes constructed from existing local highways and railroads to the site (i) will not conflict irreconcilably with the previously designated use of any resource listed in §960.5–2–5(d) (2) and (3); (ii) can be designed and constructed using reasonably available technology; (iii) will not require transportation system components to meet performance standards more stringent than those specified in the applicable DOT and NRC regulations, nor require the development of new packaging containment technology; (iv) will allow transportation operations to be conducted without causing an unacceptable risk to the public or unacceptable environmental impacts, taking into account programmatic, technical, social, economic, and environmental factors; and (2) the requirements of §960.5–1(a)(2) can be met.
(b) Favorable conditions. (1) Availability of access routes from local existing highways and railroads to the site which have any of the following characteristics:
(i) Such routes are relatively short and economical to construct as compared to access routes for other comparable siting options.
(ii) Federal condemnation is not required to acquire rights-of-way for the access routes.
(iii) Cuts, fills, tunnels, or bridges are not required.
(iv) Such routes are free of sharp curves or steep grades and are not likely to be affected by landslides or rock slides.
(v) Such routes bypass local cities and towns.
(2) Proximity to local highways and railroads that provide access to regional highways and railroads and are adequate to serve the repository without significant upgrading or reconstruction.
(3) Proximity to regional highways, mainline railroads, or inland waterways that provide access to the national transportation system.
(4) Availability of a regional railroad system with a minimum number of interchange points at which train crew and equipment changes would be required.
(5) Total projected life-cycle cost and risk for transportation of all wastes designated for the repository site which are significantly lower than those for comparable siting options, considering locations of present and potential sources of waste, interim storage facilities, and other repositories.
(6) Availability of regional and local carriers—truck, rail, and water—which have the capability and are willing to handle waste shipments to the repository.
(7) Absence of legal impediment with regard to compliance with Federal regulations for the transportation of waste in or through the affected State and adjoining States.
(8) Plans, procedures, and capabilities for response to radioactive waste transportation accidents in the affected State that are completed or being developed.
(9) A regional meteorological history indicating that significant transportation disruptions would not be routine seasonal occurrences.
(c) Potentially adverse conditions. (1) Access routes to existing local highways and railroads that are expensive to construct relative to comparable siting options.
(2) Terrain between the site and existing local highways and railroads such that steep grades, sharp switchbacks, rivers, lakes, landslides, rock slides, or potential sources of hazard to incoming waste shipments will be encountered along access routes to the site.
(3) Existing local highways and railroads that could require significant reconstruction or upgrading to provide adequate routes to the regional and national transportation system.
(4) Any local condition that could cause the transportation-related costs, environmental impacts, or risk to public health and safety from waste transportation operations to be significantly greater than those projected for other comparable siting options.
Ease and Cost of Siting, Construction, Operation, and Closure
§ 960.5-2-8 Surface characteristics.
(a) Qualifying condition. The site shall be located such that, considering the surface characteristics and conditions of the site and surrounding area, including surface-water systems and the terrain, the requirements specified in §960.5–1(a)(3) can be met during repository siting, construction, operation, and closure.
(b) Favorable conditions. (1) Generally flat terrain.
(2) Generally well-drained terrain.
(c) Potentially adverse condition. Surface characteristics that could lead to the flooding of surface or underground facilities by the occupancy and modification of flood plains, the failure of existing or planned man-made surface-water impoundments, or the failure of engineered components of the repository.
§ 960.5-2-9 Rock characteristics.
(a) Qualifying condition. The site shall be located such that (1) the thickness and lateral extent and the characteristics and composition of the host rock will be suitable for accommodation of the underground facility; (2) repository construction, operation, and closure will not cause undue hazard to personnel; and (3) the requirements specified in §960.5–1(a)(3) can be met.
(b) Favorable conditions. (1) A host rock that is sufficiently thick and laterally extensive to allow significant flexibility in selecting the depth, configuration, and location of the underground facility.
(2) A host rock with characteristics that would require minimal or no artificial support for underground openings to ensure safe repository construction, operation, and closure.
(c) Potentially adverse conditions. (1) A host rock that is suitable for repository construction, operation, and closure, but is so thin or laterally restricted that little flexibility is available for selecting the depth, configuration, or location of an underground facility.
(2) In situ characteristics and conditions that could require engineering measures beyond reasonably available technology in the construction of the shafts and underground facility.
(3) Geomechanical properties that could necessitate extensive maintenance of the underground openings during repository operation and closure.
(4) Potential for such phenomena as thermally induced fracturing, the hydration and dehydration of mineral components, or other physical, chemical, or radiation-related phenomena that could lead to safety hazards or difficulty in retrieval during repository operation.
(5) Existing faults, shear zones, pressurized brine pockets, dissolution effects, or other stratigraphic or structural features that could compromise the safety of repository personnel because of water inflow or construction problems.
(d) Disqualifying condition. The site shall be disqualified if the rock characteristics are such that the activities associated with repository construction, operation, or closure are predicted to cause significant risk to the health and safety of personnel, taking into account mitigating measures that use reasonably available technology.
§ 960.5-2-10 Hydrology.
(a) Qualifying condition. The site shall be located such that the geohydrologic setting of the site will (1) be compatible with the activities required for repository construction, operation, and closure; (2) not compromise the intended functions of the shaft liners and seals; and (3) permit the requirements specified in §960.5–1(a)(3) to be met.
(b) Favorable conditions. (1) Absence of aquifers between the host rock and the land surface.
(2) Absence of surface-water systems that could potentially cause flooding of the repository.
(3) Availability of the water required for repository construction, operation, and closure.
(c) Potentially adverse condition. Ground-water conditions that could require complex engineering measures that are beyond reasonably available technology for repository construction, operation, and closure.
(d) Disqualifying condition. A site shall be disqualified if, based on expected ground-water conditions, it is likely that engineering measures that are beyond reasonably available technology will be required for exploratory-shaft construction or for repository construction, operation, or closure.
§ 960.5-2-11 Tectonics.
(a) Qualifying Conditions. The site shall be located in a geologic setting in which any projected effects of expected tectonic phenomena or igneous activity on repository construction, operation, or closure will be such that the requirements specified in §960.5–1(a)(3) can be met.
(b) Favorable Condition. The nature and rates of faulting, if any, within the geologic setting are such that the magnitude and intensity of the associated seismicity are significantly less than those generally allowable for the construction and operation of nuclear facilities.
(c) Potentially Adverse Conditions. (1) Evidence of active faulting within the geologic setting.
(2) Historical earthquakes or past man-induced seismicity that, if either were to recur, could produce ground motion at the site in excess of reasonable design limits.
(3) Evidence, based on correlations of earthquakes with tectonic processes and features, (e.g., faults) within the geologic setting, that the magnitude of earthquakes at the site during repository construction, operation, and closure may be larger then predicted from historical seismicity.
(d) Disqualifying Condition. A site shall be disqualified if, based on the expected nature and rates of fault movement or other ground motion, it is likely that engineering measures that are beyond reasonably available technology will be required for exploratory-shaft construction or for repository construction, operation, or closure.
Appendix I to Part 960—NRC and EPA Requirements for Postclosure Repository Performance
Under proposed 40 CFR part 191, subpart B—Environmental Standards for Disposal, §191.13, “Containment Requirements”, specifies that for 10,000 years after disposal (a) releases of radioactive materials to the accessible environment that are estimated to have more than one chance in 100 of occurring over a 10,000 year period (“reasonably foreseeable releases”) shall be projected to be less than the quantities permitted by Table 2 of that regulation's appendix; and (b) for “very unlikely releases” (i.e., those estimated to have between one chance in 100 and one chance in 10,000 of occurring over a 10,000 year period), the limits specified in Table 2 would be multiplied by 10. The basis for Table 2 is an upper limit on long term risks of 1,000 health effects over 10,000 years for a repository containing wastes generated from 100,000 metric tons of heavy metal of reactor fuel. For releases involving more than one radionuclide, the allowed release for each radionuclide is reduced to the fraction of its limit that insures that the overall limit on harm is not exceeded. Additionally, to provide confidence needed for compliance with the containment requirements specified above, §191.14, “Assurance Requirements”, specifies the disposal of radioactive waste in accordance with seven requirements, relating to prompt disposal of waste; selection and design of disposal systems to keep releases to the accessible environment as small as reasonably achievable; engineered and natural barriers; nonreliance on active institutional controls after closure; passive controls after closure; natural resource areas; and design of disposal systems to allow future recovery of wastes.
The guidelines will be revised as necessary after the adoption of final regulations by the EPA.
The implementation of 40 CFR part 191, subpart B is required by 10 CFR 60.112. 10 CFR 60.113 establishes minimum conditions to be met for engineered components and ground-water flow; specifically: (1) Containment of radioactive waste within the waste packages will be substantially complete for a period to be determined by the NRC taking into account the factors specified in 10 CFR 60.113(b) provided that such period shall be not less than 300 years nor more than 1,000 years after permanent closure of the geologic repository; (2) the release rate of any radionuclide from the engineered barrier system following the containment period shall not exceed one part in 100,000 per year of the inventory of that radionuclide calculated to be present at 1,000 years following permanent closure, or such other fraction of the inventory as may be approved or specified by the NRC, provided that this requirement does not apply to any radionuclide which is released at a rate less than 0.1% of the calculated total release rate limit. The calculated total release rate limit shall be taken to be one part in 100,000 per year of the inventory of radioactive waste originally emplaced in the underground facility that remains after 1,000 years of radioactive decay; and (3) the geologic repository shall be located so that pre-waste-emplacement ground-water travel time along the fastest path of likely radionuclide travel from the disturbed zone to the accessible environment shall be at least 1,000 years or such other travel time as may be approved or specified by the NRC.
The guidelines will be revised as necessary to ensure consistency with 10 CFR part 60.
Appendix II to Part 960—NRC and EPA Requirements for Preclosure Repository Performance
Under proposed 40 CFR part 191, subpart A—Environmental Standards for Management and Storage, Section 191.03, “Standards for Normal Operations”, specifies: (1) That operations should be conducted so as to reduce exposure to members of the public to the extent reasonably achievable, taking into account technical, social, and economic considerations; and (2) that, except for variances permitted for unusual operations under Section 191.04 as an upper limit, normal operations shall be conducted in such a manner as to provide reasonable assurance that the combined annual dose equivalent to any member of the public due to: (i) operations covered by 40 CFR part 190, (ii) planned discharges of radioactive material to the general environment from operations covered by this subpart, and (iii) direct radiation from these operations; shall not exceed 25 millirems to the whole body, 75 millirems to the thyroid, or 25 millirems to any other organ.
The guidelines will be revised as necessary after the adoption of final regulations by the EPA.
The implementation of 40 CFR part 191, subpart A and 10 CFR part 20 is required by 10 CFR 60.111. 10 CFR 60.111 also specifies requirements for waste retrieval, if necessary, including considerations of design, backfilling, and schedule. 10 CFR part 20 establishes (a) exposure limits for operating personnel and (b) permissible concentrations of radionuclides in uncontrolled areas for air and water. The latter are generally less restrictive than 40 CFR 191, subpart A, but may be limiting under certain conditions (i.e., if used as a maximum for short durations rather than annual averages).
The guidelines will be revised as necessary to ensure consistency with 10 CFR part 60.
Appendix III to Part 960—Application of the System and Technical Guidelines During the Siting Process
1. This appendix presents a table that specifies how the guidelines of subparts C and D are to be applied at certain decision points of the siting process. The decision points, as referenced in the table, are defined as follows:
“Potentially acceptable” means the decision point at which a site is identified as potentially acceptable.
“Nomination and recommendation” means the decision point at which a site is nominated as suitable for characterization or recommended as a candidate site for characterization.
2. The findings resulting from the application of a disqualifying condition for any particular guideline at a given decision point are denoted in the table by the numeral 1 or 2. The numerals 1 and 2 signify the types of findings that are required and are defined as follows:
“1” means either of the following:
(a) The evidence does not support a finding that the site is disqualified.
or
(b) The evidence supports a finding that the site is disqualified.
“2” means either of the following:
(a) The evidence supports a finding that the site is not disqualified on the basis of that evidence and is not likely to be disqualified.
or
(b) The evidence supports a finding that the site is disqualified or is likely to be disqualified.
3. The findings resulting from the application of a qualifying condition for any particular guideline at a given decision point are denoted in the table by the numeral 3 or 4. The numerals 3 and 4 signify the types of findings that are required and are defined as follows:
“3” means either of the following:
(a) The evidence does not support a finding that the site is not likely to meet the qualifying condition.
or
(b) The evidence supports a finding that the site is not likely to meet the qualifying condition, and therefore the site is disqualified.
4. If performance assessments are used to substantiate any of the above findings, those assessments shall include estimates of the effects of uncertainties in data and modeling.
5. For both the disqualifying and qualifying conditions of any guideline, a higher finding (e.g., a “2” finding rather than “1”) shall be made if there is sufficient evidence to support such a finding.
Findings Resulting From the Application of the Qualifying and Disqualifying Conditions of the Technical Guidelines at Major Siting Decisions---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Siting decision ------------------------------- Section 960 Guideline Condition Potentially Nomination and acceptable recommendation----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4-1(a)............................ System............... Qualifying........... .............. 34-2-1(a).......................... Geohydrology......... ......do............. .............. 34-2-1(d).......................... ......do............. Disqualifying........ .............. 14-2-2(a).......................... Geochemistry......... Qualifying........... .............. 34-2-3(a).......................... Rock Characteristics. ......do............. .............. 34-2-4(a).......................... Climatic Changes..... ......do............. .............. 34-2-5(a).......................... Erosion.............. ......do............. .............. 34-2-5(d).......................... ......do............. Disqualifying........ 1 14-2-6(a).......................... Dissolution.......... Qualifying........... .............. 34-2-6(d).......................... ......do............. Disqualifying........ 1 14-2-7(a).......................... Tectonics............ Qualifying........... .............. 34-2-7(d).......................... ......do............. Disqualifying........ 1 14-2-8-1(a)........................ Natural Resources.... Qualifying........... .............. 34-2-8-1(d)(1)..................... ......do............. Disqualifying........ 1 14-2-8-1(d)(2)..................... ......do............. ......do............. .............. 14-2-8-2(a)........................ Site Ownership and Qualifying........... .............. 3 Control.5-1(a)(1)......................... System............... ......do............. .............. 35-1(a)(2)......................... ......do............. ......do............. .............. 35-1(a)(3)......................... ......do............. ......do............. .............. 35-2-1(a).......................... Population Density ......do............. .............. 3 and Distribution.5-2-1(d)(1)....................... ......do............. Disqualifying........ 1 15-2-1(d)(2)....................... ......do............. ......do............. 1 15-2-1(d)(3)....................... ......do............. ......do............. .............. 15-2-2(a).......................... Site Ownership and Qualifying........... .............. 3 Control.5-2-3(a).......................... Meteorology.......... ......do............. .............. 35-2-4(a).......................... Offsite Installations ......do............. .............. 3 and Operations.5-2-4(d).......................... ......do............. Disqualifying........ 1 15-2-5(a).......................... Environmental Quality Qualifying........... .............. 35-2-5(d)(1)....................... ......do............. Disqualifying........ .............. 15-2-5(d)(2)....................... ......do............. ......do............. 1 15-2-5(d)(3)....................... ......do............. ......do............. 1 15-2-6(a).......................... Socioeconomic Impacts Qualifying........... .............. 35-2-6(d).......................... ......do............. Disqualifying........ .............. 15-2-7(a).......................... Transportation....... Qualifying........... .............. 35-2-8(a).......................... Surface ......do............. .............. 3 Characteristics.5-2-9(a).......................... Rock Characteristics. ......do............. .............. 35-2-9(d).......................... ......do............. Disqualifying........ .............. 15-2-10(a)......................... Hydrology............ Qualifying........... .............. 35-2-10(d)......................... ......do............. Disqualifying........ .............. 15-2-11(a)......................... Tectonics............ Qualifying........... .............. 35-2-11(d)......................... ......do............. Disqualifying........ 1 1----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[49 FR 47752, Dec. 6, 1984, as amended at 66 FR 57335, Nov. 14, 2001] Appendix IV to Part 960—Types of Information for the Nomination of Sites as Suitable for CharacterizationThe types of information specified below are those that the DOE expects will be included in the evidence used for evaluations and applications of the guidelines of subparts C and D at the time of nomination of a site as suitable for characterization. The types of information listed under each guideline are considered to be the most significant for the evaluation of that guideline. However, the types of information listed under any particular guideline will be used, as necessary, for the evaluation of any other guideline. As stated in §960.3–1–4–2, the DOE will use technically conservative assumptions or extrapolations of regional data, where necessary, to supplement this information. The information specified below will be supplemented with conceptual models, as appropriate, and analyses of uncertainties in the data. Before site-characterization studies and related nongeologic data gathering activities, the evidence is not expected to provide precise information, but, rather, to provide a reasonable basis for assessing the merits or shortcomings of the site against the guidelines of subparts C and D. Consequently, the types of information described below should be interpreted so as to accommodate differences among sites and differences in the information acquired before detailed studies. The specific information required for the guideline applications set forth in appendix III of this part is expected to differ from site to site because of site-specific factors, both with regard to favorable and potentially adverse conditions and with regard to the sources and reliability of the information. The types of information specified in this appendix will be used except where the findings set forth in appendix III of this part can be arrived at by reasonable alternative means or the information is not required for the particular site. Section 960.4–2–1 Geohydrology. Description of the geohydrologic setting of the site, in context with its geologic setting, in order to estimate the pre-waste-emplacement ground-water flow conditions. The types of information to support this description should include— • Location and estimated hydraulic properties of aquifers, confining units, and aquitards. • Potential areas and modes of recharge and discharge for aquifers. • Regional potentiometric surfaces of aquifers. • Likely flow paths from the repository to locations in the expected accessible environment, as based on regional data. • Preliminary estimates of ground-water travel times along the likely flow paths from the repository to locations in the expected accessible environment. • Current use of principal aquifers and State or local management plans for such use. Section 960.4–2–2 Geochemistry. Description of the geochemical and hydrochemical conditions of the host rock, of the surrounding geohydrologic units, and along likely ground-water paths to locations in the expected accessible environment, in order to estimate the potential for the migration of radionuclides. The types of information to support this description should include— • Petrology of the rocks. • Mineralogy of the rocks and general characteristics of fracture fillings. • Geochemical and mechanical stability of the minerals under expected repository conditions. • General characteristics of the ground-water chemistry (e.g., reducing/oxidizing conditions and the principal ions that may affect the waste package or radionuclide behavior). • Geochemical properties of minerals as related to radionuclide transport. Section 960.4–2–3 Rock characteristics. Description of the geologic and geomechanical characteristics of the site, in context with the geologic setting, in order to estimate the capability of the host rock and surrounding rock units to accommodate the thermal, mechanical, chemical, and radiation stresses expected to be induced by repository construction, operation, and closure and by expected interactions among the waste, host rock, ground-water, and engineered components of the repository system. The types of information to support this description should include— • Approximate geology and stratigraphy of the site, including the depth, thickness, and lateral extent of the host rock and surrounding rock units. • Approximate structural framework of the rock units and any major discontinuities identified from core samples. • Approximate thermal, mechanical, and thermomechanical properties of the rocks, with consideration of the effects of time, stress, temperature, dimensional scale, and any major identified structural discontinuities. • Estimates of the magnitude and direction of in situ stress and of temperature in the host rock and surrounding rock units. Section 960.4–2–4 Climatic changes. Description of the climatic conditions of the site region, in context with global and regional patterns of climatic changes during the Quaternary Period, in order to project likely future changes in climate such that potential impacts on the repository can be estimated. The types of information to support this description should include— • Expected climatic conditions and cycles, based on extrapolation of climates during the Quaternary Period. • Geomorphology of the site region and evidence of changes due to climatic changes. • Estimated effects of expected climatic cycles on the surface-water and the ground-water systems. Section 960.4–2–5 Erosion. Description of the structure, stratigraphy, and geomorphology of the site, in context with the geologic setting, in order to estimate the depth of waste emplacement and the likelihood for erosional processes to uncover the waste in less than one million years. The types of information to support this description should include— • Depth, thickness, and lateral extent of the host rock and the overlying rock units. • Lithology of the stratigraphic units above the host rock. • Nature and rates of geomorphic processes during the Quaternary Period. Section 960.4–2–6 Dissolution. Description of the stratigraphy, structure, hydrology, and geochemistry of the site, in context with the geologic setting, to delineate the approximate limits of subsurface rock dissolution, if any. This description should include such information as the following: • The stratigraphy of the site, including rock units largely comprised of water-soluble minerals. • The approximate extent and configuration of features indicative of dissolution within the geologic setting. Section 960.4–2–7 Tectonics. Description of the tectonic setting of the site, in context with its geologic setting, in order to project the tectonic stability of the site over the next 10,000 years and to identify tectonic features and processes that could be reasonably expected to have a potentially adverse effect on the performance of the repository. The types of information to support this description should include— • The tectonic history and framework of the geologic setting and the site. • Quaternary faults in the geologic setting, including their length, displacement, and any information regarding the age of latest movement. • Active tectonic processes, such as uplift, diapirism, tilting, subsidence, faulting, and volcanism. • Estimate of the geothermal gradient. • Estimate of the regional in situ stress field. • The historical seismicity of the geologic setting. Section 960.4–2–8 Human interference. Section 960.4–2–8–1 Natural resources. Description of the mineral and energy resources of the site, in order to project whether past or future exploration and recovery could have a potentially adverse effect on the performance of the repository. The types of information to support this description should include— • Known occurrences of energy and mineral resources, including ground water. • Estimates of the present and projected value of these resources compared with resources contained in other areas of similar size in the geologic setting. • Past and present drilling and mining operations in the vicinity of the site. Section 960.4–2–8–2 Site ownership and control. Description of the ownership of land for the geologic-repository operations area and the controlled area, in order to evaluate whether the DOE can obtain ownership of, and control access to, the site. The types of information to support this description should include— • Present land ownership. Section 960.5–2–1 Population density and distribution. Description of the population density and distribution of the site region, in order to identify highly populated areas and the nearest 1 mile by 1 mile area having a population greater than 1,000 persons. The types of information to support this description should include— • The most-recent U.S. census, including population composition, distribution, and density. Section 960.5–2–2 Site ownership and control. Description of current ownership of land, including surface and subsurface mineral and water rights, in order to evaluate whether the DOE can obtain control of land within the projected restricted area. The types of information to support this description should include— • Present land ownership. Section 960.5–2–3 Meteorology. The meteorological setting, as determined from the closest recording station, in order to project meteorological conditions during repository operation and closure and their potential effects on the transport of airborne emissions. The types of information to support this description should include— • Wind and atmospheric-dispersion characteristics. • Precipitation characteristics. • Extreme weather phenomena. Section 960.5–2–4 Offsite installations and operations. Description of offsite installations and operations in the vicinity of the site in order to estimate their projected effects on repository construction, operation, or closure. The types of information to support this description should include— • Location and nature of nearby industrial, transportation, and military installations and operations, including atomic energy defense activities. Section 960.5–2–5 Environmental quality. Description of environmental conditions in order to estimate potential impacts on public health and welfare and on environmental quality. The types of information to support this description should include— • Applicable Federal, State, and local procedural and substantive environmental requirements. • Existing air quality and trends. • Existing surface-water and ground-water quality and quantity. • Existing land resources and uses. • Existing terrestrial and aquatic vegetation and wildlife. • Location of any identified critical habitats for threatened or endangered species. • Existing aesthetic characteristics. • Location of components of the National Park System, the National Wildlife Refuge System, the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, the National Wilderness Preservation System, or National Forest Land. • Location of significant State or regional protected resource areas, such as State parks, wildlife areas, or historical areas. • Location of significant Native American resources such as major Indian religious sites, or other sites of unique cultural interest. Section 960.5–2–6 Socioeconomic impacts. Description of the socioeconomic conditions of the site, including population density and distribution, economics, community services and facilities, social conditions, and fiscal and government structure, in order to estimate the impacts that might result from site characterization and from the development of a repository at that site. The types of information to support this description should include— • Population composition, density, and distribution. • Economic base and economic activity, including major sectors of local economy. • Employment distribution and trends by economic sector. • Resource usage. • Community services and infrastructure, including trends in use and current capacity utilization. • Housing supply and demand. • Life style and indicators of the quality of life. • Existing social problems. • Sources of, and trends in, local government expenditures and revenues. Section 960.5–2–7 Transportation. Description of the transportation facilities in the vicinity of the site in order to evaluate existing or required access routes or improvements. The types of information to support this description should include— • Estimates of the overall cost and risk of transporting waste to the site. • Description of the road and rail network between the site and the nearest Interstate highways and major rail lines; also, description of the waterway system, if any. • Analyses of the adequacy of the existing regional transportation network to handle waste shipments; the movement of supplies for repository construction, operation, and closure; removal of nonradioactive waste from the site; and the transportation of the labor force. • Improvements anticipated to be required in the transportation network and their feasibility, cost, and environmental impacts. • Compatibility of the required transportation network improvements with the local and regional transportation and land-use plans. • Analysis of weather impacts on transportation. • Analysis of emergency response requirements and capabilities related to transportation. Section 960.5–2–8 Surface characteristics. Description of the surface characteristics of the site, in order to evaluate whether repository construction, operation, and closure are feasible on the basis of site characteristics that influence those activities. The types of information to support this description should include— • Topography of the site. • Existing and planned surface bodies of water. • Definition of areas of landslides and other potentially unstable slopes, poorly drained material, or materials of low bearing strength or of high liquefaction potential. Section 960.5–2–9 Rock characteristics. Description of the geologic and geomechanical characteristics of the site, in context with the geologic setting, in order to project the capability of the host rock and the surrounding rock units to provide the space required for the underground facility and safe underground openings during repository construction, operation, and closure. The types of information to support this description should include— • Depth, thickness, and lateral extent of the host rock. • Stratigraphic and structural features within the host rock and adjacent rock units. • Thermal, mechanical, and thermomechanical properties and constructibility characteristics of the rocks, with consideration of the effects of time, stress, temperature, dimensional scale, and any major identified structural discontinuities. • Fluid inclusions and gas content in the host rock. • Estimates of the magnitude and direction of in situ stress and of temperature in the host rock. Section 960.5–2–10 Hydrology. Description of the hydrology of the site, in context with its geologic setting, in order to project compatibility with repository construction, operation, and closure. The types of information to support this description should include— • Surface-water systems, including recharge and runoff characteristics, and potential for flooding of the repository. • Nature and location of aquifers, confining units, and aquitards. • Potentiometric surfaces of aquifers. • Hydraulic properties of geohydrologic units. Section 960.5–2–11 Tectonics. Description of the tectonic setting of the site, in context with the regional setting, in order to estimate any expected effects of tectonic activity on repository construction, operation, or closure. The types of information to support this description should include— • Quaternary faults. • Active tectonic processes. • Preliminary estimates of expected ground motion caused by the maximum potential earthquake within the geologic setting. Browse Previous |
