12 C.F.R. Subpart B—Receivers and Receiverships
Title 12 - Banks and Banking
(a) The Farm Credit Administration Board may, in its discretion, appoint ex parte and without notice a receiver for any Farm Credit institution in accordance with the grounds for appointment set forth in §627.2710 of this part. (b) The receiver appointed for a Farm Credit institution shall be the Insurance Corporation. (c) Upon the appointment of the Insurance Corporation as receiver, the Chairman of the Farm Credit Administration Board shall immediately notify the institution, and its district bank in the case of an association, and shall publish a notice of the appointment in the (d) In the case of the voluntary or involuntary liquidation of an association, the district bank shall institute appropriate measures to minimize the adverse effect of the liquidation on those borrowers whose loans are purchased by or otherwise transferred to another System institution. (e) Upon the issuance of the order placing a Farm Credit institution into liquidation and appointing the Insurance Corporation as receiver, all rights, privileges, and powers of the board of directors, officers, and employees of the institution shall be vested exclusively in the receiver. The Farm Credit Administration Board may simultaneously, or any time thereafter, cancel the charter of the institution. [57 FR 46482, Oct. 9, 1992, as amended at 63 FR 5724, Feb. 4, 1998] (a) General. (1) Upon appointment as receiver, the receiver shall take possession of a Farm Credit institution pursuant to 12 U.S.C. 2183 and §627.2710 of this part in order to wind up the business operations of such institution, collect the debts owed to the institution, liquidate its property and assets, pay its creditors, and distribute the remaining proceeds to stockholders. The receiver is authorized to exercise all powers necessary to the efficient termination of an institution's operation as provided for in this subpart. (2) Upon its appointment as receiver, the receiver automatically succeeds to— (i) All rights, titles, powers and privileges of the institution and of any stockholder, officer, or director of such institution with respect to the institution and the assets of the institution; and (ii) Title to the books, records, and assets of any previous conservator or other legal custodian of such institution. (3) The receiver of a Farm Credit institution serves as the trustee of the receivership estate and conducts its operations for the benefit of the creditors and stockholders of the institution. (b) Specific powers. The receiver may: (1) Exercise all powers as are conferred upon the officers and directors of the institution under law and the charter, articles, and bylaws of the institution. (2) Take any action the receiver considers appropriate or expedient to carry on the business of the institution during the process of liquidating its assets and winding up its affairs. (3) Extend credit to existing borrowers as necessary to honor existing commitments and to effectuate the purposes of the receivership. (4) Borrow such sums as necessary to effectuate the purposes of the receivership. (5) Pay any sum the receiver deems necessary or advisable to preserve, conserve, or protect the institution's assets or property or rehabilitate or improve such property and assets. (6) Pay any sum the receiver deems necessary or advisable to preserve, conserve, or protect any asset or property on which the institution has a lien or in which the institution has a financial or property interest, and pay off and discharge any liens, claims, or charges of any nature against such property. (7) Investigate any matter related to the conduct of the business of the institution, including, but not limited to, any claim of the institution against any individual or entity, and institute appropriate legal or other proceedings to prosecute such claims. (8) Institute, prosecute, maintain, defend, intervene, and otherwise participate in any legal proceeding by or against the institution or in which the institution or its creditors or members have any interest, and represent in every way the institution, its members, and creditors. (9) Employ attorneys, accountants, appraisers, and other professionals to give advice and assistance to the receivership generally or on particular matters, and pay their retainers, compensation, and expenses, including litigation costs. (10) Hire any agents or employees necessary for proper administration of the receivership. (11) Execute, acknowledge, and deliver, in person or through a general or specific delegation, any instrument necessary for any authorized purpose, and any instrument executed under this paragraph shall be valid and effective as if it had been executed by the institution's officers by authority of its board of directors. (12) Sell for cash or otherwise any mortgage, deed of trust, chose in action, note contract, judgment or decree, stock, or debt owed to the institution, or any property (real or personal, tangible or intangible). (13) Purchase or lease office space, automobiles, furniture, equipment, and supplies, and purchase insurance, professional, and technical services necessary for the conduct of the receivership. (14) Release any assets or property of any nature, regardless of whether the subject of pending litigation, and repudiate, with cause, any lease or executory contract the receiver considers burdensome. (15) Settle, release, or obtain release of, for cash or other consideration, claims and demands against or in favor of the institution or receiver. (16) Pay, out of the assets of the institution, all expenses of the receivership and all costs of carrying out or exercising the rights, powers, privileges, and duties as receiver. (17) Pay out of the assets of the institution all approved claims of indebtedness in accordance with priorities established in this subpart. (18) Take all actions and have such rights, powers, and privileges as are necessary and incident to the exercise of any specific power. (19) Take such actions, and have such additional rights, powers, privileges, immunities, and duties as the Farm Credit Administration Board authorizes by order or by amendment of any order or by regulation. (c) Authority to pay claims. The receiver of a bank is also empowered to pay claims of holders of notes, bonds, debentures, or other obligations issued by the bank under 12 U.S.C. 2153(c) or (d) in accordance with procedures specified by the Insurance Corporation pursuant to §627.2740(d) of this part. (a) Definitions. For the purposes of this section, the following definitions apply: Beneficial interest means debt or equity (or mixed) interests or obligations of any type issued by a special purpose entity that entitle their holders to receive payments that depend primarily on the cash flow from financial assets owned by the special purpose entity. Financial asset means cash or a contract or instrument that conveys to one entity a contractual right to receive cash or another financial instrument from another entity. Participation means the transfer or assignment of an undivided interest in all or part of a loan or a lease from a seller, known as the “lead”, to a buyer, known as the “participant”, without recourse to the lead, pursuant to an agreement between the lead and the participant. Without recourse means that the participation is not subject to any agreement that requires the lead to repurchase the participant's interest or to otherwise compensate the participant due to a default on the underlying obligation. Securitization means the issuance by a special purpose entity of beneficial interests: (1) The most senior class of which at the time of issuance is rated in one of the four highest categories assigned to long-term debt or in an equivalent short-term category (within either of which there may be sub-categories or gradations indicating relative standing) by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations, or (2) Which are sold in transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering for purposes of section 4 of the Securities Act of 1933 (15 U.S.C. 77d), as amended, or in transactions exempt from registration under such Act pursuant to Regulation S thereunder (or any successor regulation). Special purpose entity means a trust, corporation, or other entity demonstrably distinct from the Farm Credit institution that is primarily engaged in acquiring and holding (or transferring to another special purpose entity) financial assets, and in activities related or incidental thereto, in connection with the issuance by such special purpose entity (or by another special purpose entity that acquires financial assets directly or indirectly from such special purpose entity) of beneficial interests. (b) The receiver shall not, by exercise of its authority to repudiate contracts under §627.2725(b)(2) and (b)(14), reclaim, recover, or recharacterize as property of the institution or the receivership any financial assets transferred by a Farm Credit institution in connection with a securitization or participation, provided that such transfer meets all conditions for sale accounting treatment under generally accepted accounting principles, other than the “legal isolation” condition as it applies to institutions for which the FCSIC may be appointed as receiver which is addressed by this section. (c) Paragraph (b) of this section shall not apply unless the Farm Credit institution received adequate consideration for the transfer of financial assets at the time of the transfer, and the documentation effecting the transfer of financial assets reflects the intent of the parties to treat the transaction as a sale, and not as a secured borrowing, for accounting purposes. (d) Paragraph (b) of this section shall not be construed as waiving, limiting, or otherwise affecting the power of the receiver to disaffirm or repudiate any agreement imposing continuing obligations or duties upon the institution in receivership. (e) Paragraph (b) of this section shall not be construed as waiving, limiting or otherwise affecting the rights or powers of the receiver to take any action or to exercise any power not specifically limited by this section, including, but not limited to, any rights, powers or remedies of the receiver regarding transfers taken in contemplation of the institution's insolvency or with the intent to hinder, delay, or defraud the institution or the creditors of such institution, or that is a fraudulent transfer under applicable law. (f) The receiver shall not seek to avoid an otherwise legally enforceable securitization agreement or participation agreement executed by a Farm Credit institution solely because such agreement does not meet the “contemporaneous” requirement of section 5.61(d) of the Act. (g) This section may be repealed or amended by the Farm Credit Administration, but any such repeal or amendment shall not apply to any transfers of financial assets made in connection with a securitization or participation that was in effect before such repeal or modification. [70 FR 55515, Sept. 22, 2005] (a) Except as provided for upon final distribution of the assets of the institution, no capital stock, participation certificates, equity reserves, or other allocated equities of an institution in receivership shall be issued, allocated, retired, sold, distributed, transferred, assigned, or applied against any indebtedness of the owners of such equities. (b) Notwithstanding paragraph (a) of this section, eligible borrower stock shall be retired in accordance with section 4.9A of the Act. [57 FR 46482, Oct. 9, 1992, as amended at 63 FR 5724, Feb. 4, 1998] (a) Upon the placing of an institution in liquidation, the receiver shall immediately notify every borrower who has an uninsured account (voluntary or involuntary) as described in §614.4513 of this chapter that the funds ceased earning interest when the receivership was instituted and will be applied against the outstanding indebtedness of any loans of such borrower unless, within 15 days of such notice, the borrower directs the receiver to otherwise apply such funds in the manner provided for in existing loan documents. (b) As soon as practicable after the receiver takes possession of the institution, the receiver shall notify, by first class mail, each holder of stock and participation certificates of the following matters: (1) The number of shares such holder owns; (2) That the stock and other equities of the institution may not be retired or transferred until the liquidation is completed, whereupon the receiver will distribute a liquidating dividend, if any, to the owners of such equities; and (3) Such other matters as the receiver or the Farm Credit Administration deems necessary. (a) The receiver shall publish promptly a notice to creditors to present their claims against the institution, with proof thereof, to the receiver by a date specified in the notice, which shall be not less than 90 calendar days after the first publication. The notice shall be republished approximately 30 days and 60 days after the first publication. The receiver shall promptly send, by first class mail, a similar notice to any creditor shown on the institution's books at the creditor's last address appearing thereon. Claims filed after the specified date shall be disallowed, except as the receiver may approve them for full or partial payment from the institution's assets remaining undistributed at the time of approval. (b) The receiver shall allow any claim that is timely received and proved to the receiver's satisfaction. The receiver may disallow in whole or in part any creditor's claim or claim of security, preference, or priority which is not proved to the receiver's satisfaction or is not timely received and shall notify the claimant of the disallowance and reason therefor. Sending the notice of disallowance by first class mail to the claimant's address appearing on the proof of claim shall be sufficient notice. The disallowance shall be final, unless, within 30 days after the notice of disallowance is mailed, the claimant files a written request for payment regardless of the disallowance. The receiver shall reconsider any claim upon the timely request of the claimant and may approve or disapprove such claim in whole or in part. (c) Creditors' claims that are allowed shall be paid by the receiver from time to time, to the extent funds are available therefor and in accordance with the priorities established in this subpart and in such manner and amounts as the receiver deems appropriate. In the event the institution has a claim against a creditor of the institution, the receiver shall offset the amount of such claim against the claim asserted by such creditor. (d) The claims of holders of notes, bonds, debentures, or other obligations issued by a bank under 12 U.S.C. 2153 (c) or (d) shall be made, if deemed necessary or appropriate, in accordance with procedures formulated by the Insurance Corporation. In the formulation of such procedures, the Insurance Corporation shall consult with the Farm Credit Administration. The following priority of claims shall apply to the distribution of the assets of an association in liquidation: (a) All costs, expenses, and debts incurred by the receiver in connection with the administration of the receivership. (b) Administrative expenses of the association, provided that such expenses were incurred within 60 days prior to the receiver's taking possession, and that such expenses shall be limited to reasonable expenses incurred for services actually provided by accountants, attorneys, appraisers, examiners, or management companies, or reasonable expenses incurred by employees which were authorized and reimbursable under a pre-existing expense reimbursement policy, that, in the opinion of the receiver, are of benefit to the receivership, and shall not include wages or salaries of employees of the association. (c) If authorized by the receiver, claims for wages and salaries, including vacation pay, earned prior to the appointment of the receiver by an employee of the association whom the receiver determines it is in the best interest of the receivership to engage or retain for a reasonable period of time. (d) If authorized by the receiver, claims for wages and salaries, including vacation pay, earned prior to the appointment of the receiver, up to a maximum of three thousand dollars ($3,000) per person as adjusted for inflation, by an employee of the association not engaged or retained by the receiver. The adjustment for inflation shall be the percentage by which the Consumer Price Index (as prepared by the Department of Labor) for the calendar year preceding the appointment of the receiver exceeds the Consumer Price Index for the calendar year 1992. (e) All claims for taxes. (f) All claims of creditors, including the district bank, which are secured by assets or equities of the association in accordance with applicable Federal or State law. (g) All claims of the district bank other than those provided for in paragraph (f) of this section, based on the financing agreement between the association and the bank, including interest accrued before and after the appointment of the receiver, minus any setoff for stock or other equity of the district bank owned by the association made in accordance with this paragraph or paragraph (f) of this section. Prior to making such setoff, the district bank must obtain the approval of the Farm Credit Administration Board for the retirement of such equities. (h) All claims of general creditors. The following priority of claims shall apply to the distribution of the assets of a bank in liquidation: (a) All costs, expenses, and debts incurred by the receiver in connection with the administration of the receivership. (b) Administrative expenses of the bank, provided that such expenses were incurred within 60 days prior to the receiver's taking possession, and that such expenses shall be limited to reasonable expenses incurred for services actually provided by accountants, attorneys, appraisers, examiners, or management companies, or reasonable expenses incurred by employees which were authorized and reimbursable under a pre-existing expense reimbursement policy, that, in the opinion of the receiver, are of benefit to the receivership, and shall not include wages or salaries of employees of the bank. (c) If authorized by the receiver, claims for wages and salaries, including vacation pay, earned prior to the appointment of the receiver by an employee of the bank whom the receiver determines it is in the best interest of the receivership to engage or retain for a reasonable period of time. (d) If authorized by the receiver, claims for wages and salaries, including vacation pay, earned prior to the appointment of the receiver, up to a maximum of three thousand dollars ($3,000) per person as adjusted for inflation, by an employee of the bank not engaged or retained by the receiver. The adjustment for inflation shall be the percentage by which the Consumer Price Index (as prepared by the Department of Labor) for the calendar year preceding the appointment of the receiver exceeds the Consumer Price Index for the calendar year 1992. (e) All claims for taxes. (f) All claims of creditors which are secured by specific assets or equities of the bank, with priority of conflicting claims of creditors within this same class to be determined in accordance with priorities of applicable Federal or State law. (g) All claims of holders of bonds issued by the bank individually to the extent such are collateralized in accordance with 12 U.S.C. 2154. (h) All claims of holders of consolidated and Systemwide bonds and claims of the other Farm Credit banks arising from their payments pursuant to 12 U.S.C. 2155. (i) All claims of general creditors. The following priority of claims shall apply to the distribution of the assets of an institution, other than a bank or association, in liquidation: (a) All costs, expenses, and debts incurred by the receiver in connection with the administration of the receivership. (b) Administrative expenses of the institution, provided that such expenses were incurred within 60 days prior to the receiver's taking possession, and that such expenses shall be limited to reasonable expenses incurred for services actually provided by accountants, attorneys, appraisers, examiners, or management companies, or reasonable expenses incurred by employees which were authorized and reimbursable under a pre-existing expense reimbursement policy, that, in the opinion of the receiver, are of benefit to the receivership, and shall not include wages or salaries of employees of the institution. (c) If authorized by the receiver, claims for wages and salaries, including vacation pay, earned prior to the appointment of the receiver by an employee of the institution whom the receiver determines it is in the best interest of the receivership to engage or retain for a reasonable period of time. (d) If authorized by the receiver, claims for wages and salaries, including vacation pay, earned prior to the appointment of the receiver, up to a maximum of three thousand dollars ($3,000) per person as adjusted for inflation, by an employee of the institution not engaged or retained by the receiver. The adjustment for inflation shall be the percentage by which the Consumer Price Index (as prepared by the Department of Labor) for the calendar year preceding the appointment of the receiver exceeds the Consumer Price Index for the calendar year 1992. (e) All claims for taxes. (f) All claims of creditors which are secured by specific assets or equities of the institution, with priority of conflicting claims of creditors within this same class to be determined in accordance with priorities of applicable Federal or State law. (g) All claims of general creditors. (a) All claims of each class described in §627.2745, §627.2750, or §627.2752 of this part, respectively, shall be paid in full, or provisions shall be made for such payment, prior to the payment of any claim of a lesser priority. If there are insufficient funds to pay in full any class of claims described in §627.2745, distribution on such class shall be on a pro rata basis. (b) Following the payment of all claims, the receiver shall distribute the remainder of the assets of the institution to the owners of stock, participation certificates, and other equities in accordance with the priorities for impairment set forth in the bylaws of the institution. (c) Notwithstanding this section, eligible borrower stock shall be retired in accordance with section 4.9A of the Act. (a) As soon as practicable after taking possession of an institution, the receiver shall make an inventory of the assets and liabilities as of the date possession was taken. (b) The institution in receivership shall be audited on an annual basis by a certified public accountant selected by the receiver. (c) With respect to each receivership, the receiver shall make an annual accounting or report, as appropriate, available upon request to any stockholder of the institution in receivership or any member of the public, with a copy provided to the Farm Credit Administration. (d) Upon the final liquidation of the institution, the receiver shall send to each stockholder of record a report summarizing the disposition of the assets of the receivership and claims against the receivership. After the receiver has made a final distribution of the assets of the receivership, the receivership shall be terminated, the charter shall be canceled by the Farm Credit Administration Board if such cancellation has not previously occurred, and the receiver shall be finally discharged and released.
Title 12: Banks and Banking
PART 627—TITLE IV CONSERVATORS, RECEIVERS, AND VOLUNTARY LIQUIDATIONS
Subpart B—Receivers and Receiverships
§ 627.2720 Appointment of receiver.
§ 627.2725 Powers and duties of the receiver.
§ 627.2726 Treatment by the conservator or receiver of financial assets transferred in connection with a securitization or participation.
§ 627.2730 Preservation of equity.
§ 627.2735 Notice to holders of uninsured accounts and stockholders.
§ 627.2740 Creditors' claims.
§ 627.2745 Priority of claims—associations.
§ 627.2750 Priority of claims—banks.
§ 627.2752 Priority of claims—other Farm Credit institutions.
§ 627.2755 Payment of claims.
§ 627.2760 Inventory, audit, and reports.
§ 627.2765 Final discharge and release of the receiver.
