14 C.F.R. Subpart F—Parachute Riggers
Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space
(a) No person may pack, maintain, or alter any personnel-carrying parachute intended for emergency use in connection with civil aircraft of the United States (including the reserve parachute of a dual parachute system to be used for intentional parachute jumping) unless that person holds an appropriate current certificate and type rating issued under this subpart and complies with §§65.127 through 65.133. (b) No person may pack, maintain, or alter any main parachute of a dual-parachute system to be used for intentional parachute jumping in connection with civil aircraft of the United States unless that person— (1) Has an appropriate current certificate issued under this subpart; (2) Is under the supervision of a current certificated parachute rigger; (3) Is the person making the next parachute jump with that parachute in accordance with §105.43(a) of this chapter; or (4) Is the parachutist in command making the next parachute jump with that parachute in a tandem parachute operation conducted under §105.45(b)(1) of this chapter. (c) Each person who holds a parachute rigger certificate shall present it for inspection upon the request of the Administrator or an authorized representative of the National Transportation Safety Board, or of any Federal, State, or local law enforcement officer. (d) The following parachute rigger certificates are issued under this part: (1) Senior parachute rigger. (2) Master parachute rigger. (e) Sections 65.127 through 65.133 do not apply to parachutes packed, maintained, or altered for the use of the armed forces. [Doc. No. 1179, 27 FR 7973, Aug. 10, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 65–9, 31 FR 13524, Oct. 20, 1966; 32 FR 5769, Apr. 11, 1967; Amdt. 65–42, 66 FR 23553, May 9, 2001] (a) To be eligible for a parachute rigger certificate, a person must— (1) Be at least 18 years of age; (2) Be able to read, write, speak, and understand the English language, or, in the case of a citizen of Puerto Rico, or a person who is employed outside of the United States by a U.S. air carrier, and who does not meet this requirement, be issued a certificate that is valid only in Puerto Rico or while he is employed outside of the United States by that air carrier, as the case may be; and (3) Comply with the sections of this subpart that apply to the certificate and type rating he seeks. (b) Except for a master parachute rigger certificate, a parachute rigger certificate that was issued before, and was valid on, October 31, 1962, is equal to a senior parachute rigger certificate, and may be exchanged for such a corresponding certificate. Except as provided in §65.117, an applicant for a senior parachute rigger certificate must— (a) Present evidence satisfactory to the Administrator that he has packed at least 20 parachutes of each type for which he seeks a rating, in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and under the supervision of a certificated parachute rigger holding a rating for that type or a person holding an appropriate military rating; (b) Pass a written test, with respect to parachutes in common use, on— (1) Their construction, packing, and maintenance; (2) The manufacturer's instructions; (3) The regulations of this subpart; and (c) Pass an oral and practical test showing his ability to pack and maintain at least one type of parachute in common use, appropriate to the type rating he seeks. [Doc. No. 10468, 37 FR 13251, July 6, 1972] In place of the procedure in §65.115, an applicant for a senior parachute rigger certificate is entitled to it if he passes a written test on the regulations of this subpart and presents satisfactory documentary evidence that he— (a) Is a member or civilian employee of an Armed Force of the United States, is a civilian employee of a regular armed force of a foreign country, or has, within the 12 months before he applies, been honorably discharged or released from any status covered by this paragraph; (b) Is serving, or has served within the 12 months before he applies, as a parachute rigger for such an Armed Force; and (c) Has the experience required by §65.115(a). An applicant for a master parachute rigger certificate must meet the following requirements: (a) Present evidence satisfactory to the Administrator that he has had at least 3 years of experience as a parachute rigger and has satisfactorily packed at least 100 parachutes of each of two types in common use, in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions— (1) While a certificated and appropriately rated senior parachute rigger; or (2) While under the supervision of a certificated and appropriately rated parachute rigger or a person holding appropriate military ratings. An applicant may combine experience specified in paragraphs (a) (1) and (2) of this section to meet the requirements of this paragraph. (b) If the applicant is not the holder of a senior parachute rigger certificate, pass a written test, with respect to parachutes in common use, on— (1) Their construction, packing, and maintenance; (2) The manufacturer's instructions; and (3) The regulations of this subpart. (c) Pass an oral and practical test showing his ability to pack and maintain two types of parachutes in common use, appropriate to the type ratings he seeks. [Doc. No. 10468, 37 FR 13252, July 6, 1972] (a) The following type ratings are issued under this subpart: (1) Seat. (2) Back. (3) Chest. (4) Lap. (b) The holder of a senior parachute rigger certificate who qualifies for a master parachute rigger certificate is entitled to have placed on his master parachute rigger certificate the ratings that were on his senior parachute rigger certificate. A certificated parachute rigger who applies for an additional type rating must— (a) Present evidence satisfactory to the Administrator that he has packed at least 20 parachutes of the type for which he seeks a rating, in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and under the supervision of a certificated parachute rigger holding a rating for that type or a person holding an appropriate military rating; and (b) Pass a practical test, to the satisfaction of the Administrator, showing his ability to pack and maintain the type of parachute for which he seeks a rating. [Doc. No. 1179, 27 FR 7973, Aug. 10, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 65–20, 37 FR 13251, July 6, 1972] (a) A certificated senior parachute rigger may— (1) Pack or maintain (except for major repair) any type of parachute for which he is rated; and (2) Supervise other persons in packing any type of parachute for which that person is rated in accordance with §105.43(a) or §105.45(b)(1) of this chapter. (b) A certificated master parachute rigger may— (1) Pack, maintain, or alter any type of parachute for which he is rated; and (2) Supervise other persons in packing, maintaining, or altering any type of parachute for which the certificated parachute rigger is rated in accordance with §105.43(a) or §105.45(b)(1) of this chapter. (c) A certificated parachute rigger need not comply with §§65.127 through 65.133 (relating to facilities, equipment, performance standards, records, recent experience, and seal) in packing, maintaining, or altering (if authorized) the main parachute of a dual parachute pack to be used for intentional jumping. [Doc. No. 1179, 27 FR 7973, Aug. 10, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 65–20, 37 FR 13252, July 6, 1972; Amdt. 65–42, 66 FR 23553, May 9, 2001] No certificated parachute rigger may exercise the privileges of his certificate unless he has at least the following facilities and equipment available to him: (a) A smooth top table at least three feet wide by 40 feet long. (b) Suitable housing that is adequately heated, lighted, and ventilated for drying and airing parachutes. (c) Enough packing tools and other equipment to pack and maintain the types of parachutes that he services. (d) Adequate housing facilities to perform his duties and to protect his tools and equipment. [Doc. No. 1179, 27 FR 7973, Aug. 10, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 65–27, 47 FR 13316, Mar. 29, 1982] No certificated parachute rigger may— (a) Pack, maintain, or alter any parachute unless he is rated for that type; (b) Pack a parachute that is not safe for emergency use; (c) Pack a parachute that has not been thoroughly dried and aired; (d) Alter a parachute in a manner that is not specifically authorized by the Administrator or the manufacturer; (e) Pack, maintain, or alter a parachute in any manner that deviates from procedures approved by the Administrator or the manufacturer of the parachute; or (f) Exercise the privileges of his certificate and type rating unless he understands the current manufacturer's instructions for the operation involved and has— (1) Performed duties under his certificate for at least 90 days within the preceding 12 months; or (2) Shown the Administrator that he is able to perform those duties. (a) Each certificated parachute rigger shall keep a record of the packing, maintenance, and alteration of parachutes performed or supervised by him. He shall keep in that record, with respect to each parachute worked on, a statement of— (1) Its type and make; (2) Its serial number; (3) The name and address of its owner; (4) The kind and extent of the work performed; (5) The date when and place where the work was performed; and (6) The results of any drop tests made with it. (b) Each person who makes a record under paragraph (a) of this section shall keep it for at least 2 years after the date it is made. (c) Each certificated parachute rigger who packs a parachute shall write, on the parachute packing record attached to the parachute, the date and place of the packing and a notation of any defects he finds on inspection. He shall sign that record with his name and the number of his certificate. Each certificated parachute rigger must have a seal with an identifying mark prescribed by the Administrator, and a seal press. After packing a parachute he shall seal the pack with his seal in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation for that type of parachute. Overview This appendix sets forth the areas of knowledge necessary to perform dispatcher functions. The items listed below indicate the minimum set of topics that must be covered in a training course for aircraft dispatcher certification. The order of coverage is at the discretion of the approved school. For the latest technological advancements refer to the Practical Test Standards as published by the FAA. I. Regulations A. Subpart C of this part; B. Parts 1, 25, 61, 71, 91, 121, 139, and 175, of this chapter; C. 49 CFR part 830; D. General Operating Manual. II. Meteorology A. Basic Weather Studies (1) The earth's motion and its effects on weather. (2) Analysis of the following regional weather types, characteristics, and structures, or combinations thereof: (a) Maritime. (b) Continental. (c) Polar. (d) Tropical. (3) Analysis of the following local weather types, characteristics, and structures or combinations thereof: (a) Coastal. (b) Mountainous. (c) Island. (d) Plains. (4) The following characteristics of the atmosphere: (a) Layers. (b) Composition. (c) Global Wind Patterns. (d) Ozone. (5) Pressure: (a) Units of Measure. (b) Weather Systems Characteristics. (c) Temperature Effects on Pressure. (d) Altimeters. (e) Pressure Gradient Force. (f) Pressure Pattern Flying Weather. (6) Wind: (a) Major Wind Systems and Coriolis Force. (b) Jetstreams and their Characteristics. (c) Local Wind and Related Terms. (7) States of Matter: (a) Solids, Liquid, and Gases. (b) Causes of change of state. (8) Clouds: (a) Composition, Formation, and Dissipation. (b) Types and Associated Precipitation. (c) Use of Cloud Knowledge in Forecasting. (9) Fog: (a) Causes, Formation, and Dissipation. (b) Types. (10) Ice: (a) Causes, Formation, and Dissipation. (b) Types. (11) Stability/Instability: (a) Temperature Lapse Rate, Convection. (b) Adiabatic Processes. (c) Lifting Processes. (d) Divergence. (e) Convergence. (12) Turbulence: (a) Jetstream Associated. (b) Pressure Pattern Recognition. (c) Low Level Windshear. (d) Mountain Waves. (e) Thunderstorms. (f) Clear Air Turbulence. (13) Airmasses: (a) Classification and Characteristics. (b) Source Regions. (c) Use of Airmass Knowledge in Forecasting. (14) Fronts: (a) Structure and Characteristics, Both Vertical and Horizontal. (b) Frontal Types. (c) Frontal Weather Flying. (15) Theory of Storm Systems: (a) Thunderstorms. (b) Tornadoes. (c) Hurricanes and Typhoons. (d) Microbursts. (e) Causes, Formation, and Dissipation. B. Weather, Analysis, and Forecasts (1) Observations: (a) Surface Observations. (i) Observations made by certified weather observer. (ii) Automated Weather Observations. (b) Terminal Forecasts. (c) Significant En route Reports and Forecasts. (i) Pilot Reports. (ii) Area Forecasts. (iii) Sigmets, Airmets. (iv) Center Weather Advisories. (d) Weather Imagery. (i) Surface Analysis. (ii) Weather Depiction. (iii) Significant Weather Prognosis. (iv) Winds and Temperature Aloft. (v) Tropopause Chart. (vi) Composite Moisture Stability Chart. (vii) Surface Weather Prognostic Chart. (viii) Radar Meteorology. (ix) Satellite Meteorology. (x) Other charts as applicable. (e) Meteorological Information Data Collection Systems. (2) Data Collection, Analysis, and Forecast Facilities. (3) Service Outlets Providing Aviation Weather Products. C. Weather Related Aircraft Hazards (1) Crosswinds and Gusts. (2) Contaminated Runways. (3) Restrictions to Surface Visibility. (4) Turbulence and Windshear. (5) Icing. (6) Thunderstorms and Microburst. (7) Volcanic Ash. III. Navigation A. Study of the Earth (1) Time reference and location (0 Longitude, UTC). (2) Definitions. (3) Projections. (4) Charts. B. Chart Reading, Application, and Use. C. National Airspace Plan. D. Navigation Systems. E. Airborne Navigation Instruments. F. Instrument Approach Procedures. (1) Transition Procedures. (2) Precision Approach Procedures. (3) Non-precision Approach Procedures. (4) Minimums and the relationship to weather. G. Special Navigation and Operations. (1) North Atlantic. (2) Pacific. (3) Global Differences. IV. AIRCRAFT A. Aircraft Flight Manual. B. Systems Overview. (1) Flight controls. (2) Hydraulics. (3) Electrical. (4) Air Conditioning and Pressurization. (5) Ice and Rain protection. (6) Avionics, Communication, and Navigation. (7) Powerplants and Auxiliary Power Units. (8) Emergency and Abnormal Procedures. (9) Fuel Systems and Sources. C. Minimum Equipment List/Configuration Deviation List (MEL/CDL) and Applications. D. Performance. (1) Aircraft in general. (2) Principles of flight: (a) Group one aircraft. (b) Group two aircraft. (3) Aircraft Limitations. (4) Weight and Balance. (5) Flight instrument errors. (6) Aircraft performance: (a) Take-off performance. (b) En route performance. (c) Landing performance. V. Communications A. Regulatory requirements. B. Communication Protocol. C. Voice and Data Communications. D. Notice to Airmen (NOTAMS). E. Aeronautical Publications. F. Abnormal Procedures. VI. Air Traffic Control A. Responsibilities. B. Facilities and Equipment. C. Airspace classification and route structure. D. Flight Plans. (1) Domestic. (2) International. E. Separation Minimums. F. Priority Handling. G. Holding Procedures. H. Traffic Management. VII. Emergency and Abnormal Procedures A. Security measures on the ground. B. Security measures in the air. C. FAA responsibility and services. D. Collection and dissemination of information on overdue or missing aircraft. E. Means of declaring an emergency. F. Responsibility for declaring an emergency. G. Required reporting of an emergency. H. NTSB reporting requirements. VIII. Practical Dispatch Applications A. Human Factors. (1) Decisionmaking: (a) Situation Assessment. (b) Generation and Evaluation of Alternatives. (i) Tradeoffs and Prioritization. (ii) Contingency Planning. (c) Support Tools and Technologies. (2) Human Error: (a) Causes. (i) Individual and Organizational Factors. (ii) Technology-Induced Error. (b) Prevention. (c) Detection and Recovery. (3) Teamwork: (a) Communication and Information Exchange. (b) Cooperative and Distributed Problem-Solving. (c) Resource Management. (i) Air Traffic Control (ATC) activities and workload. (ii) Flightcrew activities and workload. (iii) Maintenance activities and workload. (iv) Operations Control Staff activities and workload. B. Applied Dispatching. (1) Briefing techniques, Dispatcher, Pilot. (2) Preflight: (a) Safety. (b) Weather Analysis. (i) Satellite imagery. (ii) Upper and lower altitude charts. (iii) Significant en route reports and forecasts. (iv) Surface charts. (v) Surface observations. (vi) Terminal forecasts and orientation to Enhanced Weather Information System (EWINS). (c) NOTAMS and airport conditions. (d) Crew. (i) Qualifications. (ii) Limitations. (e) Aircraft. (i) Systems. (ii) Navigation instruments and avionics systems. (iii) Flight instruments. (iv) Operations manuals and MEL/CDL. (v) Performance and limitations. (f) Flight Planning. (i) Route of flight. 1. Standard Instrument Departures and Standard Terminal Arrival Routes. 2. En route charts. 3. Operational altitude. 4. Departure and arrival charts. (ii) Minimum departure fuel. 1. Climb. 2. Cruise. 3. Descent. (g) Weight and balance. (h) Economics of flight overview (Performance, Fuel Tankering). (i) Decision to operate the flight. (j) ATC flight plan filing. (k) Flight documentation. (i) Flight plan. (ii) Dispatch release. (3) Authorize flight departure with concurrence of pilot in command. (4) In-flight operational control: (a) Current situational awareness. (b) Information exchange. (c) Amend original flight release as required. (5) Post-Flight: (a) Arrival verification. (b) Weather debrief. (c) Flight irregularity reports as required. [Doc. No. FAA–1998–4553, 64 FR 68925, Dec. 8, 1999]
Title 14: Aeronautics and Space
PART 65—CERTIFICATION: AIRMEN OTHER THAN FLIGHT CREWMEMBERS
Subpart F—Parachute Riggers
§ 65.111 Certificate required.
§ 65.113 Eligibility requirements: General.
§ 65.115 Senior parachute rigger certificate: Experience, knowledge, and skill requirements.
§ 65.117 Military riggers or former military riggers: Special certification rule.
§ 65.119 Master parachute rigger certificate: Experience, knowledge, and skill requirements.
§ 65.121 Type ratings.
§ 65.123 Additional type ratings: Requirements.
§ 65.125 Certificates: Privileges.
§ 65.127 Facilities and equipment.
§ 65.129 Performance standards.
§ 65.131 Records.
§ 65.133 Seal.
Appendix A to Part 65—Aircraft Dispatcher Courses
