14 C.F.R. Subpart J—Flight Operations
Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each required flight crewmember on flight deck duty must remain at the assigned duty station with seat belt fastened while the airplane is taking off or landing and while it is en route. (b) A required flight crewmember may leave the assigned duty station— (1) If the crewmember's absence is necessary for the performance of duties in connection with the operation of the airplane; (2) If the crewmember's absence is in connection with physiological needs; or (3) If the crewmember is taking a rest period and relief is provided— (i) In the case of the assigned pilot in command, by a pilot qualified to act as pilot in command. (ii) In the case of the assigned second in command, by a pilot qualified to act as second in command of that airplane during en route operations. However, the relief pilot need not meet the recent experience requirements of §125.285. No pilot in command may allow any person to manipulate the controls of an airplane while carrying passengers during flight, nor may any person manipulate the controls while carrying passengers during flight, unless that person is a qualified pilot of the certificate holder operating that airplane. (a) No person may admit any person to the flight deck of an airplane unless the person being admitted is— (1) A crewmember; (2) An FAA inspector or an authorized representative of the National Transportation Safety Board who is performing official duties; or (3) Any person who has the permission of the pilot in command. (b) No person may admit any person to the flight deck unless there is a seat available for the use of that person in the passenger compartment, except— (1) An FAA inspector or an authorized representative of the Administrator or National Transportation Safety Board who is checking or observing flight operations; or (2) A certificated airman employed by the certificate holder whose duties require an airman certificate. (a) Whenever, in performing the duties of conducting an inspection, an FAA inspector presents an Aviation Safety Inspector credential, FAA Form 110A, to the pilot in command of an airplane operated by the certificate holder, the inspector must be given free and uninterrupted access to the pilot compartment of that airplane. However, this paragraph does not limit the emergency authority of the pilot in command to exclude any person from the pilot compartment in the interest of safety. (b) A forward observer's seat on the flight deck, or forward passenger seat with headset or speaker, must be provided for use by the Administrator while conducting en route inspections. The suitability of the location of the seat and the headset or speaker for use in conducting en route inspections is determined by the Administrator. (a) In an emergency situation that requires immediate decision and action, the pilot in command may take any action considered necessary under the circumstances. In such a case, the pilot in command may deviate from prescribed operations, procedures and methods, weather minimums, and this chapter, to the extent required in the interests of safety. (b) In an emergency situation arising during flight that requires immediate decision and action by appropriate management personnel in the case of operations conducted with a flight following service and which is known to them, those personnel shall advise the pilot in command of the emergency, shall ascertain the decision of the pilot in command, and shall have the decision recorded. If they cannot communicate with the pilot, they shall declare an emergency and take any action that they consider necessary under the circumstances. (c) Whenever emergency authority is exercised, the pilot in command or the appropriate management personnel shall keep the appropriate ground radio station fully informed of the progress of the flight. The person declaring the emergency shall send a written report of any deviation, through the operator's director of operations, to the Administrator within 10 days, exclusive of Saturdays, Sundays, and Federal holidays, after the flight is completed or, in the case of operations outside the United States, upon return to the home base. Whenever the pilot in command encounters a meteorological condition or an irregularity in a ground or navigational facility in flight, the knowledge of which the pilot in command considers essential to the safety of other flights, the pilot in command shall notify an appropriate ground station as soon as practicable. The pilot in command shall ensure that all mechanical irregularities occurring during flight are entered in the maintenance log of the airplane at the next place of landing. Before each flight, the pilot in command shall ascertain the status of each irregularity entered in the log at the end of the preceding flight. No person may make an instrument approach at an airport except in accordance with IFR weather minimums and unless the type of instrument approach procedure to be used is listed in the certificate holder's operations specifications. (a) Before each takeoff, each pilot in command of an airplane carrying passengers shall ensure that all passengers have been orally briefed on— (1) Smoking. Each passenger shall be briefed on when, where, and under what conditions smoking is prohibited. This briefing shall include a statement that the Federal Aviation Regulations require passenger compliance with the lighted passenger information signs, posted placards, areas designated for safety purposes as no smoking areas, and crewmember instructions with regard to these items. (2) The use of safety belts, including instructions on how to fasten and unfasten the safety belts. Each passenger shall be briefed on when, where, and under what conditions the safety belt must be fastened about him or her. This briefing shall include a statement that the Federal Aviation Regulations require passenger compliance with lighted passenger information signs and crewmember instructions concerning the use of safety belts. (3) The placement of seat backs in an upright position before takeoff and landing; (4) Location and means for opening the passenger entry door and emergency exits; (5) Location of survival equipment; (6) If the flight involves extended overwater operation, ditching procedures and the use of required flotation equipment; (7) If the flight involves operations above 12,000 feet MSL, the normal and emergency use of oxygen; and (8) Location and operation of fire extinguishers. (b) Before each takeoff, the pilot in command shall ensure that each person who may need the assistance of another person to move expeditiously to an exit if an emergency occurs and that person's attendant, if any, has received a briefing as to the procedures to be followed if an evacuation occurs. This paragraph does not apply to a person who has been given a briefing before a previous leg of a flight in the same airplane. (c) The oral briefing required by paragraph (a) of this section shall be given by the pilot in command or a member of the crew. It shall be supplemented by printed cards for the use of each passenger containing— (1) A diagram and method of operating the emergency exits; and (2) Other instructions necessary for the use of emergency equipment on board the airplane. Each card used under this paragraph must be carried in the airplane in locations convenient for the use of each passenger and must contain information that is appropriate to the airplane on which it is to be used. (d) The certificate holder shall describe in its manual the procedure to be followed in the briefing required by paragraph (a) of this section. (e) If the airplane does not proceed directly over water after takeoff, no part of the briefing required by paragraph (a)(6) of this section has to be given before takeoff but the briefing required by paragraph (a)(6) must be given before reaching the overwater part of the flight. [Doc. No. 19779, 45 FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980, as amended by Amdt. 125–17, 57 FR 42675, Sept. 15, 1992] No person may assault, threaten, intimidate, or interfere with a crewmember in the performance of the crewmember's duties aboard an aircraft being operated under this part. [Doc. No. FAA–1998–4954, 64 FR 1080, Jan. 7, 1999] (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b), (c), (d), and (e) of this section, no person may use an autopilot at an altitude above the terrain which is less than 500 feet or less than twice the maximum altitude loss specified in the approved Airplane Flight Manual or equivalent for a malfunction of the autopilot, whichever is higher. (b) When using an instrument approach facility other than ILS, no person may use an autopilot at an altitude above the terrain that is less than 50 feet below the approved minimum descent altitude for that procedure, or less than twice the maximum loss specified in the approved Airplane Flight Manual or equivalent for a malfunction of the autopilot under approach conditions, whichever is higher. (c) For ILS approaches when reported weather conditions are less than the basic weather conditions in §91.155 of this chapter, no person may use an autopilot with an approach coupler at an altitude above the terrain that is less than 50 feet above the terrain, or the maximum altitude loss specified in the approved Airplane Flight Manual or equivalent for the malfunction of the autopilot with approach coupler, whichever is higher. (d) Without regard to paragraph (a), (b), or (c) of this section, the Administrator may issue operations specifications to allow the use, to touchdown, of an approved flight control guidance system with automatic capability, if— (1) The system does not contain any altitude loss (above zero) specified in the approved Airplane Flight Manual or equivalent for malfunction of the autopilot with approach coupler; and (2) The Administrator finds that the use of the system to touchdown will not otherwise adversely affect the safety standards of this section. (e) Notwithstanding paragraph (a) of this section, the Administrator issues operations specifications to allow the use of an approved autopilot system with automatic capability during the takeoff and initial climb phase of flight provided: (1) The Airplane Flight Manual specifies a minimum altitude engagement certification restriction; (2) The system is not engaged prior to the minimum engagement certification restriction specified in the Airplane Flight Manual or an altitude specified by the Administrator, whichever is higher; and (3) The Administrator finds that the use of the system will not otherwise affect the safety standards required by this section. [Doc. No. 19779, 45 FR 67325, Oct. 9, 1980, as amended by Amdt. 125–12, 54 FR 34332, Aug. 18, 1989; Amdt. 125–29, 62 FR 27922, May 21, 1997] The following persons may be carried aboard an airplane without complying with the passenger-carrying requirements of this part: (a) A crewmember. (b) A person necessary for the safe handling of animals on the airplane. (c) A person necessary for the safe handling of hazardous materials (as defined in subchapter C of title 49 CFR). (d) A person performing duty as a security or honor guard accompanying a shipment made by or under the authority of the U.S. Government. (e) A military courier or a military route supervisor carried by a military cargo contract operator if that carriage is specifically authorized by the appropriate military service. (f) An authorized representative of the Administrator conducting an en route inspection. (g) A person authorized by the Administrator. (a) No certificate holder may move an airplane on the surface, take off, or land when any food, beverage, or tableware furnished by the certificate holder is located at any passenger seat. (b) No certificate holder may move an airplane on the surface, take off, or land unless each food and beverage tray and seat back tray table is secured in its stowed position. (c) No certificate holder may permit an airplane to move on the surface, take off, or land unless each passenger serving cart is secured in its stowed position. (d) Each passenger shall comply with instructions given by a crewmember with regard to compliance with this section. [Doc. No. 26142, 57 FR 42675, Sept. 15, 1992]
Title 14: Aeronautics and Space
PART 125—CERTIFICATION AND OPERATIONS: AIRPLANES HAVING A SEATING CAPACITY OF 20 OR MORE PASSENGERS OR A MAXIMUM PAYLOAD CAPACITY OF 6,000 POUNDS OR MORE; AND RULES GOVERNING PERSONS ON BOARD SUCH AIRCRAFT
Subpart J—Flight Operations
§ 125.311 Flight crewmembers at controls.
§ 125.313 Manipulation of controls when carrying passengers.
§ 125.315 Admission to flight deck.
§ 125.317 Inspector's credentials: Admission to pilots' compartment: Forward observer's seat.
§ 125.319 Emergencies.
§ 125.321 Reporting potentially hazardous meteorological conditions and irregularities of ground and navigation facilities.
§ 125.323 Reporting mechanical irregularities.
§ 125.325 Instrument approach procedures and IFR landing minimums.
§ 125.327 Briefing of passengers before flight.
§ 125.328 Prohibition on crew interference.
§ 125.329 Minimum altitudes for use of autopilot.
§ 125.331 Carriage of persons without compliance with the passenger-carrying provisions of this part.
§ 125.333 Stowage of food, beverage, and passenger service equipment during airplane movement on the surface, takeoff, and landing.
