19 C.F.R. PART 133—TRADEMARKS, TRADE NAMES, AND COPYRIGHTS
Title 19 - Customs Duties
Authority: 17 U.S.C. 101, 601, 602, 603; 19 U.S.C. 66, 1624; 31 U.S.C. 9701.
Section 133.1 also issued under 15 U.S.C. 1096, 1124; Sections 133.2 through 133.7, 133.11 through 133.13, and 133.15 also issued under 15 U.S.C. 1124; Sections 133.21 through 133.25 also issued under 15 U.S.C. 1124, 19 U.S.C. 1526; Sections 133.26 and 133.46 also issued under 19 U.S.C. 1623; Sections 133.27 and 133.52 also issued under 19 U.S.C. 1526; Section 133.53 also issued under 19 U.S.C. 1558(a). Source: T.D. 72–266, 37 FR 20678, Oct. 3, 1972, unless otherwise noted.
This part provides for the recordation of trademarks, trade names, and copyrights with the United States Customs Service for the purpose of prohibiting the importation of certain articles. It also sets forth the procedures for the disposition of articles bearing prohibited marks or names, and copyrighted or piratical articles, including release to the importer in appropriate circumstances. (a) Eligible trademarks. Trademarks registered by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office under the Trademark Act of March 3, 1881, the Trademark Act of February 20, 1905, or the Trademark Act of 1946 (15 U.S.C. 1051 et seq.) except those registered on the supplemental register under the 1946 Act (15 U.S.C. 1096), may be recorded with the U.S. Customs Service if the registration is current. (b) Notice of recordation and other action. Applicants and recordants will be notified of the approval or denial of an application filed in accordance with §§133.2, 133.5, 133.6, and 133.7 of this subpart. [T.D. 72–266, 37 FR 20678, Oct. 3, 1972, as amended by T.D. 91–77, 56 FR 46115, Sept. 10, 1991] An application to record one or more trademarks shall be in writing, addressed to the Intellectual Property Rights Branch, U.S. Customs Service, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20229, and shall include the following information: (a) The name, complete business address, and citizenship of the trademark owner or owners (if a partnership, the citizenship of each partner; if an association or corporation the State, country, or other political jurisdiction within which it was organized, incorporated, or created); (b) The places of manufacture of goods bearing the recorded trademark; (c) The name and principal business address of each foreign person or business entity authorized or licensed to use the trademark and a statement as to the use authorized; and (d) The identity of any parent or subsidiary company or other foreign company under common ownership or control which uses the trademark abroad. For this purpose: (1) Common ownership means individual or aggregate ownership of more than 50 percent of the business entity; and (2) Common control means effective control in policy and operations and is not necessarily synonymous with common ownership. (e) Lever-rule protection. For owners of U.S. trademarks who desire protection against gray market articles on the basis of physical and material differences (see Lever Bros. Co. v. United States, 981 F.2d 1330 (D.C. Cir. 1993)), a description of any physical and material difference between the specific articles authorized for importation or sale in the United States and those not so authorized. In each instance, owners who assert that physical and material differences exist must state the basis for such a claim with particularity, and must support such assertions by competent evidence and provide summaries of physical and material differences for publication. Customs determination of physical and material differences may include, but is not limited to, considerations of: (1) The specific composition of both the authorized and gray market product(s) (including chemical composition); (2) Formulation, product construction, structure, or composite product components, of both the authorized and gray market product; (3) Performance and/or operational characteristics of both the authorized and gray market product; (4) Differences resulting from legal or regulatory requirements, certification, etc.; (5) Other distinguishing and explicitly defined factors that would likely result in consumer deception or confusion as proscribed under applicable law. (f) Customs will publish in the Customs Bulletin a notice listing any trademark(s) and the specific products for which gray market protection for physically and materially different products has been requested. Customs will examine the request(s) before issuing a determination whether gray market protection is granted. For parties requesting protection, the application for trademark protection will not take effect until Customs has made and issued this determination. If protection is granted, Customs will publish in the Customs Bulletin a notice that a trademark will receive Lever-rule protection with regard to a specific product. [T.D. 72–266, 37 FR 20678, Oct. 3, 1972, as amended by T.D. 91–77, 56 FR 46115, Sept. 10, 1991; T.D. 99–21, 64 FR 9062, Feb. 24, 1999; T.D. 99–27, 64 FR 13675, Mar. 22, 1999] (a) Documents. The application shall be accompanied by: (1) A status copy of the certificate of registration certified by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office showing title to be presently in the name of the applicant; and (2) Five copies of this certificate, or of a U.S. Patent and Trademark Office facsimile. The copies may be reproduced privately and shall be on paper approximately 8&inch;×10 (b) Fee. The application shall be accompanied by a fee of $190 for each trademark to be recorded. However, if the trademark is registered for more than one class of goods (based on the class, or classes, first stated on the certificate of registration, without consideration of any class, or classes, also stated in parentheses) the fee for recordation shall be $190 for each class for which the applicant desires to record the trademark with the United States Customs Service. For example, to secure recordation of a trademark registered for three classes of goods, a fee of $570 is payable. A check or money order shall be made payable to the United States Customs Service. [T.D. 72–266, 37 FR 20678, Oct. 3, 1972, as amended by T.D. 73–174, 38 FR 16850, June 27, 1973; T.D. 75–160, 40 FR 28790, July 9, 1975; T.D. 84–133, 49 FR 26571, June 28, 1984; T.D. 91–77, 56 FR 46115, Sept. 10, 1991] (a) Effective date. Recordation of trademark and protection thereunder shall be effective on the date an application for recordation is approved, as shown on the recordation notice issued by the United States Customs Service instructing Customs officers as to the terms and conditions of import protection appropriate. (b) Term. The recordation or renewal of an existing recordation of a trademark shall remain in force concurrently with the 20-year current registration period or last renewal thereof in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. (c) Cancellation of recordation. Recordation of a trademark with the United States Customs Service shall be canceled if the trademark registration is finally canceled or revoked. [T.D. 72–266, 37 FR 20678, Oct. 3, 1972, as amended by T.D. 91–77, 56 FR 46115, Sept. 10, 1991] If there is a change in ownership of a recorded trademark and the new owner wishes to continue the recordation with the United States Customs Service, he shall apply therefor by: (a) Complying with §133.2; (b) Describing any time limit on the rights of ownership transferred; (c) Submitting a status copy of the certificate of registration certified by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office showing title to be presently in the name of the new owner; and (d) Paying a fee of $80, which covers all trademarks included in the application which have been previously recorded with the United States Customs Service. A check or money order shall be made payable to the United States Customs Service. [T.D. 72–266, 37 FR 20678, Oct. 3, 1972, as amended by T.D. 75–160, 40 FR 28791, July 9, 1975; T.D. 91–77, 56 FR 46115, Sept. 10, 1991] If there is a change in the name of the owner of a recorded trademark, but no change in ownership, written notice thereof shall be given to the Intellectual Property Rights Branch, accompanied by: (a) A status copy of the certificate of registration certified by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office showing title to be presently in the name as changed; and (b) A fee of $80, which covers all trademarks included in the application which have been previously recorded with the United States Customs Service. A check or money order shall be made payable to the United States Customs Service. [T.D. 72–266, 37 FR 20678, Oct. 3, 1972, as amended by T.D. 75–160, 40 FR 28791, July 9, 1975; T.D. 91–77, 56 FR 46115, Sept. 10, 1991] (a) Application to renew. To continue uninterrupted Customs protection for trademarks, the trademark owner shall submit a written application to renew Customs recordation to the Intellectual Property Rights Branch not later than 3 months after the date of expiration of the current 20–year trademark registration issued by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. A timely application to renew a Customs recordation must include the following: (1) A status copy of the certificate of registration certified by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office showing renewal of the trademark and title to be in the name of the applicant; (2) A statement describing any change of ownership or in the name of owner, in compliance with §§133.5 and 133.6 of this part, and any change of addresses of owners or places of manufacture; and (3) A fee of $80 for each renewal of a trademark recordation. Where the trademark covers several classes, a fee of $80 is required for each class. A check or money order shall be made payable to the United States Customs Service. (b) Delayed application. Upon request made during the grace period of 3 months afforded by paragraph (a) of this section, a trademark owner whose application for renewal of recordation is unavoidably delayed may be afforded a reasonable extended period within which to comply with the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section. The request shall be in writing, addressed to the Intellectual Property Rights Branch, and shall set forth the circumstances due to which application is delayed. (c) Untimely application. Failure of the trademark owner to submit a renewal application within the 3–month grace period afforded in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section or within an extension of time granted in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section, shall deprive the trademark owner of the renewal process. A delinquent applicant will be required to apply anew to record the renewed trademark in accordance with the procedures and requirements of §§133.2 and 133.3. [T.D. 72–266, 37 FR 20678, Oct. 3, 1972, as amended by T.D. 75–160, 40 FR 28791, July 9, 1975; T.D. 91–77, 56 FR 46115, Sept. 10, 1991] The name or trade style used for at least 6 months to identify a manufacturer or trader may be recorded with the United States Customs Service. Words or designs used as trademarks, whether or not registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office shall not be accepted for recordation as a trade name. Generally, the complete business name will be recorded unless convincing proof establishes that only a part of the complete name is customarily used. [T.D. 72–266, 37 FR 20678, Oct. 3, 1972, as amended by T.D. 91–77, 56 FR 46115, Sept. 10, 1991] An application to record a trade name shall be in writing addressed to the Intellectual Property Rights Branch, U.S. Customs Service, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20229, and shall include the following information: (a) The name, complete business address, and citizenship of the trade name owner or owners (if a partnership, the citizenship of each partner; if an association or corporation, the State, country, or other political jurisdiction within which it was organized, incorporated or created); (b) The name or trade style to be recorded; (c) The name and principal business address of each foreign person or business entity authorized or licensed to use the trade name and a statement as to the use authorized; (d) The identity of any parent or subsidiary company, or other foreign company under common ownership or control which uses the trade name abroad (see §133.2(d)); and (e) A description of the merchandise with which the trade name is associated. [T.D. 72–266, 37 FR 20678, Oct. 3, 1972, as amended by T.D. 91–77, 56 FR 46115, Sept. 10, 1991; T.D. 99–27, 64 FR 13675, Mar. 22, 1999] (a) Documents. The application shall be accompanied by a statement of the owner, partners, or principal corporate officer, and by statements by at least two other persons not associated with or related to the applicant but having actual knowledge of the facts, stating that to his best knowledge and belief: (1) The applicant has used the trade name in connection with the class or kind of merchandise described in the application for at least 6 months; (2) The trade name is not identical or confusingly similar to any other trade name or registered trademark used in connection with such class or kind of merchandise; and (3) The applicant has the sole and exclusive right to the use of such trade name in connection with the merchandise of that class or kind. (b) Fee. The application shall be accompanied by a fee of $190 for each trade name to be recorded. A check or money order shall be made payable to the United States Customs Service. [T.D. 72–266, 37 FR 20678, Oct. 3, 1972, as amended by T.D. 75–160, 40 FR 28791, July 9, 1975] (a) Notice of tentative recordation. Notice of tentative recordation of a trade name shall be published in the (b) Notice of final action. After consideration of any claims, rebuttals, and other relevant evidence, notice of final approval or disapproval of the application shall be published in the Protection for a recorded trade name shall remain in force as long as the trade name is used. The recordation shall be canceled upon request of the recordant or upon evidence of disuse. From time to time, the Intellectual Property Rights Branch may request the trade name owner to advise whether the name is still in use. The failure of a trade name owner to respond to such a request shall be regarded as evidence of disuse. [T.D. 72–266, 37 FR 20678, Oct. 3, 1972, as amended by T.D. 91–77, 56 FR 46115, Sept. 10, 1991] Source: T.D. 99–21, 64 FR 9062, Feb. 24, 1999, unless otherwise noted.
(a) Counterfeit trademark defined. A “counterfeit trademark” is a spurious trademark that is identical to, or substantially indistinguishable from, a registered trademark. (b) Seizure. Any article of domestic or foreign manufacture imported into the United States bearing a counterfeit trademark shall be seized and, in the absence of the written consent of the trademark owner, forfeited for violation of the customs laws. (c) Notice to trademark owner. When merchandise is seized under this section, Customs shall disclose to the owner of the trademark the following information, if available, within 30 days, excluding weekends and holidays, of the date of the notice of seizure: (1) The date of importation; (2) The port of entry; (3) A description of the merchandise; (4) The quantity involved; (5) The name and address of the manufacturer; (6) The country of origin of the merchandise; (7) The name and address of the exporter; and (8) The name and address of the importer. (d) Samples available to the trademark owner. At any time following seizure of the merchandise, Customs may provide a sample of the suspect merchandise to the owner of the trademark for examination, testing, or other use in pursuit of a related private civil remedy for trademark infringement. To obtain a sample under this section, the trademark/trade name owner must furnish Customs a bond in the form and amount specified by the port director, conditioned to hold the United States, its officers and employees, and the importer or owner of the imported article harmless from any loss or damage resulting from the furnishing of a sample by Customs to the trademark owner. Customs may demand the return of the sample at any time. The owner must return the sample to Customs upon demand or at the conclusion of the examination, testing, or other use in pursuit of a related private civil remedy for trademark infringement. In the event that the sample is damaged, destroyed, or lost while in the possession of the trademark owner, the owner shall, in lieu of return of the sample, certify to Customs that: “The sample described as [insert description] and provided pursuant to 19 CFR 133.21(d) was (damaged/destroyed/lost) during examination, testing, or other use.” (e) Failure to make appropriate disposition. Unless the trademark owner, within 30 days of notification, provides written consent to importation of the articles, exportation, entry after obliteration of the trademark, or other appropriate disposition, the articles shall be disposed of in accordance with §133.52, subject to the importer's right to petition for relief from the forfeiture under the provisions of part 171 of this chapter. (a) Copying or simulating trademark or trade name defined. A “copying or simulating” trademark or trade name is one which may so resemble a recorded mark or name as to be likely to cause the public to associate the copying or simulating mark or name with the recorded mark or name. (b) Denial of entry. Any articles of foreign or domestic manufacture imported into the United States bearing a mark or name copying or simulating a recorded mark or name shall be denied entry and subject to detention as provided in §133.25. (c) Relief from detention of articles bearing copying or simulating trademarks. Articles subject to the restrictions of this section shall be detained for 30 days from the date on which the goods are presented for Customs examination, to permit the importer to establish that any of the following circumstances are applicable: (1) The objectionable mark is removed or obliterated as a condition to entry in such a manner as to be illegible and incapable of being reconstituted, for example by: (i) Grinding off imprinted trademarks wherever they appear; (ii) Removing and disposing of plates bearing a trademark or trade name; (2) The merchandise is imported by the recordant of the trademark or trade name or his designate; (3) The recordant gives written consent to an importation of articles otherwise subject to the restrictions set forth in paragraph (b) of this section or §133.23(c) of this subpart, and such consent is furnished to appropriate Customs officials; (4) The articles of foreign manufacture bear a recorded trademark and the one-item personal exemption is claimed and allowed under §148.55 of this chapter. (d) Exceptions for articles bearing counterfeit trademarks. The provisions of paragraph (c)(1) of this section are not applicable to articles bearing counterfeit trademarks at the time of importation (see §133.26). (e) Release of detained articles. Articles detained in accordance with §133.25 may be released to the importer during the 30-day period of detention if any of the circumstances allowing exemption from trademark or trade name restriction set forth in paragraph (c) of this section are established. (f) Seizure. If the importer has not obtained release of detained articles within the 30-day period of detention, the merchandise shall be seized and forfeiture proceedings instituted. The importer shall be promptly notified of the seizure and liability to forfeiture and his right to petition for relief in accordance with the provisions of part 171 of this chapter. (a) Restricted gray market articles defined. “Restricted gray market articles” are foreign-made articles bearing a genuine trademark or trade name identical with or substantially indistinguishable from one owned and recorded by a citizen of the United States or a corporation or association created or organized within the United States and imported without the authorization of the U.S. owner. “Restricted gray market goods” include goods bearing a genuine trademark or trade name which is: (1) Independent licensee. Applied by a licensee (including a manufacturer) independent of the U.S. owner, or (2) Foreign owner. Applied under the authority of a foreign trademark or trade name owner other than the U.S. owner, a parent or subsidiary of the U.S. owner, or a party otherwise subject to common ownership or control with the U.S. owner (see §§133.2(d) and 133.12(d) of this part), from whom the U.S. owner acquired the domestic title, or to whom the U.S. owner sold the foreign title(s); or (3) “Lever-rule”. Applied by the U.S. owner, a parent or subsidiary of the U.S. owner, or a party otherwise subject to common ownership or control with the U.S. owner (see §§133.2(d) and 133.12(d) of this part), to goods that the Customs Service has determined to be physically and materially different from the articles authorized by the U.S. trademark owner for importation or sale in the U.S. (as defined in §133.2 of this part). (b) Labeling of physically and materially different goods. Goods determined by the Customs Service to be physically and materially different under the procedures of this part, bearing a genuine mark applied under the authority of the U.S. owner, a parent or subsidiary of the U.S. owner, or a party otherwise subject to common ownership or control with the U.S. owner (see §§133.2(d) and 133.12(d) of this part), shall not be detained under the provisions of paragraph (c) of this section where the merchandise or its packaging bears a conspicuous and legible label designed to remain on the product until the first point of sale to a retail consumer in the United States stating that: “This product is not a product authorized by the United States trademark owner for importation and is physically and materially different from the authorized product.” The label must be in close proximity to the trademark as it appears in its most prominent location on the article itself or the retail package or container. Other information designed to dispel consumer confusion may also be added. (c) Denial of entry. All restricted gray market goods imported into the United States shall be denied entry and subject to detention as provided in §133.25, except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section. (d) Relief from detention of gray market articles. Gray market goods subject to the restrictions of this section shall be detained for 30 days from the date on which the goods are presented for Customs examination, to permit the importer to establish that any of the following exceptions, as well as the circumstances described above in §133.22(c), are applicable: (1) The trademark or trade name was applied under the authority of a foreign trademark or trade name owner who is the same as the U.S. owner, a parent or subsidiary of the U.S. owner, or a party otherwise subject to common ownership or control with the U.S. owner (in an instance covered by §§133.2(d) and 133.12(d) of this part); and/or (2) For goods bearing a genuine mark applied under the authority of the U.S. owner, a parent or subsidiary of the U.S. owner, or a party otherwise subject to common ownership or control with the U.S. owner, that the merchandise as imported is not physically and materially different, as described in §133.2(e), from articles authorized by the U.S. owner for importation or sale in the United States; or (3) Where goods are detained for violation of §133.23(a)(3), as physically and materially different from the articles authorized by the U.S. trademark owner for importation or sale in the U.S., a label in compliance with §133.23(b) is applied to the goods. (e) Release of detained articles. Articles detained in accordance with §133.25 may be released to the importer during the 30-day period of detention if any of the circumstances allowing exemption from trademark restriction set forth in §133.22(c) of this subpart or in paragraph (d) of this section are established. (f) Seizure. If the importer has not obtained release of detained articles within the 30-day period of detention, the merchandise shall be seized and forfeiture proceedings instituted. The importer shall be notified of the seizure and liability of forfeiture and his right to petition for relief in accordance with the provisions of part 171 of this chapter. (a) Detention. Articles accompanying an importer and mail importations subject to the restrictions of §§133.22 and 133.23 shall be detained for 30 days from the date of notice that such restrictions apply, to permit the establishment of whether any of the circumstances described in §133.22(c) or 133.23(d) are applicable. (b) Notice of detention. Notice of detention shall be given in the following manner: (1) Articles accompanying importer. When the articles are carried as accompanying baggage or on the person of persons arriving in the United States, the Customs inspector shall orally advise the importer that the articles are subject to detention. (2) Mail importations. When the articles arrive by mail in noncommercial shipments, or in commercial shipments valued at $250 or less, notice of the detention shall be given on Customs Form 8. (c) Release of detained articles—(1) General. Articles detained in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section may be released to the importer during the 30-day period of detention if any of the circumstances allowing exemption from trademark or trade name restriction(s) set forth in §133.22(c) or 133.23(d) of this subpart are established. (2) Articles accompanying importer. Articles arriving as accompanying baggage or on the person of the importer may be exported or destroyed under Customs supervision at the request of the importer, or may be released if: (i) The importer removes or obliterates the marks in a manner acceptable to the Customs officer at the time of examination of the articles; or (ii) The request of the importer to obtain skillful removal of the marks is granted by the port director under such conditions as he may deem necessary, and upon return of the article to Customs for verification, the marks are found to be satisfactorily removed. (3) Mail importations. Articles arriving by mail in noncommercial shipments, or in commercial shipments valued at $250 or less, may be exported or destroyed at the request of the addressee or may be released if: (i) The addressee appears in person at the appropriate Customs office and at that time removes or obliterates the marks in a manner acceptable to the Customs officer; or (ii) The request of the addressee appearing in person to obtain skillful removal of the marks is granted by the port director under such conditions as he may deem necessary, and upon return of the article to Customs for verification, the marks are found to be satisfactorily removed. (d) Seizure. If the importer has not obtained release of detained articles within the 30-day period of detention, the merchandise shall be seized and forfeiture proceedings instituted. The importer shall be promptly notified of the seizure and liability to forfeiture and his right to petition for relief in accordance with the provisions of part 171 of this chapter. (a) In general. Articles subject to the restrictions of §§133.22 and 133.23 shall be detained for 30 days from the date on which the merchandise is presented for Customs examination. The importer shall be notified of the decision to detain within 5 days of the decision that such restrictions apply. The importer may, during the 30-day period, establish that any of the circumstances described in §133.22(c) or §133.23(d) are applicable. Extensions of the 30-day time period may be freely granted for good cause shown. (b) Notice of detention and disclosure of information. From the time merchandise is presented for Customs examination until the time a notice of detention is issued, Customs may disclose to the owner of the trademark or trade name any of the following information in order to obtain assistance in determining whether an imported article bears an infringing trademark or trade name. Once a notice of detention is issued, Customs shall disclose to the owner of the trademark or trade name the following information, if available, within 30 days, excluding weekends and holidays, of the date of detention: (1) The date of importation; (2) The port of entry; (3) A description of the merchandise; (4) The quantity involved; and (5) The country of origin of the merchandise. (c) Samples available to the trademark or trade name owner. At any time following presentation of the merchandise for Customs examination, but prior to seizure, Customs may provide a sample of the suspect merchandise to the owner of the trademark or trade name for examination or testing to assist in determining whether the article imported bears an infringing trademark or trade name. To obtain a sample under this section, the trademark/trade name owner must furnish Customs a bond in the form and amount specified by the port director, conditioned to hold the United States, its officers and employees, and the importer or owner of the imported article harmless from any loss or damage resulting from the furnishing of a sample by Customs to the trademark owner. Customs may demand the return of the sample at any time. The owner must return the sample to Customs upon demand or at the conclusion of the examination or testing. In the event that the sample is damaged, destroyed, or lost while in the possession of the trademark or trade name owner, the owner shall, in lieu of return of the sample, certify to Customs that: “The sample described as [insert description] and provided pursuant to 19 CFR 133.25(c) was (damaged/destroyed/lost) during examination or testing for trademark infringement.” (d) Form of notice. Notice of detention of articles found subject to the restrictions of §133.22 or §133.23 shall be given the importer in writing. If it is determined that merchandise which has been released from Customs custody is subject to the restrictions of §133.22 or §133.23 of this subpart, the port director shall promptly make demand for the redelivery of the merchandise under the terms of the bond on Customs Form 301, containing the bond conditions set forth in §113.62 of this chapter, in accordance with §141.113 of this chapter. If the merchandise is not redelivered to Customs custody, a claim for liquidated damages shall be made in accordance with §141.113(h) of this chapter. [T.D. 72–266, 37 FR 20678, Oct. 3, 1972, as amended by T.D. 99–64, 64 FR 43266, Aug. 10, 1999] In addition to any other penalty or remedy authorized by law, CBP may impose a civil fine under 19 U.S.C. 1526(f) on any person who directs, assists financially or otherwise, or aids and abets the importation of merchandise for sale or public distribution that bears a counterfeit mark resulting in a seizure of the merchandise under 19 U.S.C. 1526(e) (see §133.21 of this subpart), as follows: (a) First violation. For the first seizure of merchandise under this section, the fine imposed will not be more than the value the merchandise would have had if it were genuine, according to the manufacturer's suggested retail price in the United States at the time of seizure. (b) Subsequent violations: For the second and each subsequent seizure under this section, the fine imposed will not be more than twice the value the merchandise would have had if it were genuine, according to the manufacturer's suggested retail price in the United States at the time of seizure. [CBP Dec. 03–12, 68 FR 43637, July 24, 2003] (a) Eligible works. Claims to copyright which have been registered in accordance with the Copyright Act of July 30, 1947, as amended, or the Copyright Act of 1976, as amended, may be recorded with Customs for import protection. (b) Persons eligible to record. The copyright owner, including any person who has acquired copyright ownership through an exclusive license, assignment, or otherwise, and claims actual or potential injury because of actual or contemplated importations of copies (or phonorecords) of eligible works, may file an application to record a copyright. “Copyright owner,” with respect to any one of the exclusive rights comprised in a copyright, refers to the owner of that particular right. (c) Notice of recordation and other action. Applicants and recordants will be notified of the approval or denial of an application filed in accordance with §133.32, §133.35, §133.36, or §133.37. [T.D. 72–266, 37 FR 20678, Oct. 3, 1972, as amended by T.D. 73–212, 38 FR 21397, Aug. 8, 1973; T.D. 87–40, 52 FR 9474, Mar. 25, 1987] An application to record a copyright to secure Customs protection against the importation of infringing copies or phonorecords shall be in writing addressed to the Intellectual Property Rights Branch, U.S. Customs Service, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, DC 20229, and shall include the following information: (a) The name and complete address of the copyright owner or owners; (b) If the applicant is a person claiming actual or potential injury by reason of actual or contemplated importations of copies or phonorecords of the eligible work, a statement setting forth the circumstances of such actual or potential injury; (c) The country of manufacture of genuine copies or phonorecords of the protected work; (d) The name and principal address of any foreign person or business entity authorized or licensed to use the protected work, and a statement as to the exclusive rights authorized; (e) The foreign title of the work, if different from the U.S. title; and (f) In the case of an application to record a copyright in a sound recording, a statement setting forth the name(s) of the performing artist(s), and any other identifying names appearing on the surface of reproduction of the sound recording, or its label or container. [T.D. 87–40, 52 FR 9474, Mar. 25, 1987, as amended by T.D. 91–77, 56 FR 46115, Sept. 10, 1991; T.D. 99–27, 64 FR 13675, Mar. 22, 1999] (a) Documents. The application for recordation shall be accompanied by the following documents: (1) An “additional certificate” of copyright registration issued by the U.S. Copyright Office. If the name of the applicant differs from the name of the copyright owner identified in the certificate, the application shall be accompanied by a certified copy of any assignment, exclusive license, or other document recorded in the U.S. Copyright Office showing that the applicant has acquired copyright ownership in the copyright. (2) Five photographic or other likenesses reproduced on paper approximately 8&inch; × 10 (b) Fee. Each application shall be accompanied by a fee of $190 for each copyright to be recorded. A check or money order shall be made payable to the United States Customs Service. [T.D. 72–266, 37 FR 20678, Oct. 3, 1973, as amended by T.D. 75–160, 40 FR 28791, July 9, 1975; T.D. 84–133, 49 FR 26571, June 28, 1984; T.D. 87–40, 52 FR 9475, Mar. 25, 1987] (a) Effective date. Recordation of copyright and protection thereunder shall be effective on the date an application for recordation is approved, as shown on the recordation notice issued by the United States Customs Service instructing Customs officers as to the terms and conditions of import protection appropriate. (b) Term. The recordation of copyright shall remain in effect for 20 years unless the copyright ownership of the recordant expires before that time. If the ownership expires in less than 20 years, recordation shall remain in effect until the ownership expires. If the ownership has not expired after 20 years, recordation may be renewed as provided in §133.37. (c) Cancellation. Recordation of a copyright with the United States Customs Service shall be canceled upon request of the recordant, or if the registration in the U.S. Copyright Office is finally canceled or revoked. [T.D. 72–266, 37 FR 20678, Oct. 3, 1972, as amended by T.D. 87–40, 52 FR 9475, Mar. 25, 1987] (a) Application. If the ownership of a recorded copyright is transferred and the owner wishes to continue the recordation with the United States Customs Service, he shall make written application to the Intellectual Property Rights Branch as follows: (1) Comply, as appropriate, with §133.32; and (2) Describe any time limit on the rights of ownership transferred. (b) Document and fee. The application shall be accompanied by: (1) A certified copy of any assignment, exclusive license, or other document recorded in the U.S. Copyright Office showing the applicant has acquired an ownership interest in the copyright; and (2) A fee of $80, which covers all copyrights included in the application which have been previously recorded with the United States Customs Service. A check or money order shall be made payable to the United States Customs Service. [T.D. 72–266, 37 FR 20678, Oct. 3, 1972, as amended by T.D. 75–160, 40 FR 28791, July 9, 1975; T.D. 91–77, 56 FR 46115, Sept. 10, 1991] If there is a change in the name of the owner of a recorded copyright, but no transfer of ownership, written notice specifying the change shall be given to the Intellectual Property Rights Branch accompanied by the following: (a) A certified copy of any document recorded in the U.S. Copyright Office showing the change in the name of the owner; and (b) Payment of a fee of $80, which covers all copyrights included in the application which have been previously recorded with the United States Customs Service. A check or money order shall be made payable to the United States Customs Service. [T.D. 72–266, 37 FR 20678, Oct. 3, 1972, as amended by T.D. 75–160, 40 FR 28791, July 9, 1975; T.D. 91–77, 56 FR 46115, Sept. 10, 1991] (a) Term of renewal. If a recorded copyright has a term which exceeds the original 20-year recordation, continued Customs protection may be obtained by renewing the recordation. The renewed recordation shall remain in effect for 20 years, unless the recordant's copyright ownership expires sooner, in which case it shall remain in effect until the ownership expires. There is no limit to the number of times recordation of a subsisting copyright may be renewed. (b) Application for renewal. An application to renew recordation shall be made no later than 3 months before the date the recordation then in effect expires. The application shall be in writing addressed to the Intellectual Property Rights Branch. (c) Materials to be submitted with application. An application to renew Customs recordation shall include: (1) Proof that the recordant's copyright ownership is valid. The proof required shall vary with the date that the work was first copyrighted as follows: (i) Works in which copyright subsists on or after January 1, 1978. An affidavit signed by the recordant attesting to the continued validity of the copyright, stating the date the copyright was registered with the U.S. Copyright Office, whether the author of the work is still alive and, if not, the date of his death, and any additional information that Customs may require of the recordant. (ii) Works under statutory copyright on December 31, 1977. If the copyright is still in its first term when recordation expires, a certificate of registration issued by the U.S. Copyright Office or, if the copyright has been renewed, a certificate of renewal registration issued by the U.S. Copyright Office. (2) A statement describing any change of ownership or name of owner, in compliance with §§133.35 and 133.36, and any change of address of the owner. (3) Payment of a fee of $80. A check or money order shall be made payable to the U.S. Customs Service. (d) Untimely application. If the recordant fails to submit a renewal application at least 3 months before the recordation expires, he may not renew the recordation. The recordant shall be required to reapply to record the copyright in accordance with the procedures and requirements of §§133.32 and 133.33. [T.D. 87–40, 52 FR 9475, Mar. 25, 1987, as amended by T.D. 91–77, 56 FR 46115, Sept. 10, 1991] (a) Definition. Infringing copies or phonorecords are “piratical” articles, i.e., copies or phonorecords which are unlawfully made (without the authorization of the copyright owner). (b) Importation prohibited. The importation of infringing copies or phonorecords of works copyrighted in the U.S. is prohibited by Customs. The importation of lawfully made copies is not a Customs violation. (c) Seizure and forfeiture. The port director shall seize any imported article which he determines is an infringing copy or phonorecord of a copyrighted work protected by Customs. The port director also shall seize an imported article if the importer does not deny a representation that the article is an infringing copy or phonorecord as provided in §133.43(a). In either case, the port director also shall institute forfeiture proceedings in accordance with part 162 of this chapter. Lawfully made copies are not subject to seizure and forfeiture by Customs. (d) Disclosure. When merchandise is seized under this section, Customs shall disclose to the owner of the copyright the following information, if available, within 30 days, excluding weekends and holidays, of the date of the notice of seizure: (1) The date of importation; (2) The port of entry; (3) A description of the merchandise; (4) The quantity involved; (5) The name and address of the manufacturer; (6) The country of origin of the merchandise; (7) The name and address of the exporter; and (8) The name and address of the importer. (e) Samples available to the copyright owner. At any time following seizure of the merchandise, Customs may provide a sample of the suspect merchandise to the owner of the copyright for examination, testing, or any other use in pursuit of a related private civil remedy for copyright infringement. To obtain a sample under this section, the copyright owner must furnish to Customs a bond in the form and amount specified by the port director, conditioned to hold the United States, its officers and employees, and the importer or owner of the imported article harmless from any loss or damage resulting from the furnishing of a sample by Customs to the copyright owner. Customs may demand the return of the sample at any time. The owner must return the sample to Customs upon demand or at the conclusion of the examination, testing, or other use in pursuit of a related private civil remedy for copyright infringement. In the event that the sample is damaged, destroyed, or lost while in the possession of the copyright owner, the owner shall, in lieu of return of the sample, certify to Customs that: “The sample described as [insert description] provided pursuant to 19 CFR 133.42(e) was (damaged/destroyed/lost) during examination, testing, or other use.” (f) Referral to the U.S. Attorney. In the event that phonorecords or copies of motion pictures arrive in the U.S. bearing counterfeit labels, Customs officers should consider referring the violation to the U.S. Attorney, Department of Justice, for possible criminal prosecution pursuant to the “Piracy and Counterfeiting Amendments Act of 1982” (18 U.S.C. 2318). This law provides a minimum fine of $25,000 or imprisonment for not more than one year, or both, for willful infringement of a copyright for commercial advantage, and a maximum fine of $250,000 or imprisonment for not more than 5 years, or both, where trafficking in counterfeit labels for phonorecords or copies of motion pictures or other audiovisual works is involved. [T.D. 87–40, 52 FR 9475, Mar. 25, 1987; 52 FR 10668, Apr. 2, 1987, as amended by T.D. 97–30, 62 FR 19493, Apr. 22, 1997; T.D. 98–21, 63 FR 12000, Mar. 12, 1998] (a) Notice to the importer. If the port director has any reason to believe that an imported article may be an infringing copy or phonorecord of a recorded copyrighted work, he shall withhold delivery, notify the importer of his action, and advise him that if the facts so warrant he may file a statement denying that the article is in fact an infringing copy and alleging that the detention of the article will result in a material depreciation of its value, or a loss or damage to him. The port director also shall advise the importer that in the absence of receipt within 30 days of a denial by the importer that the article constitutes an infringing copy or phonorecord, it shall be considered to be such a copy and shall be subject to seizure and forfeiture. (b) Notice to copyright owner. If the importer of suspected infringing copies or phonorecords files a denial as provided in paragraph (a) of this section, the port director shall furnish to the copyright owner the following information, if available, within 30 days, excluding weekends and holidays, of the receipt of the importer's denial: (1) The date of importation; (2) The port of entry; (3) A description of the merchandise; (4) The quantity involved; (5) The country of origin of the merchandise; and (6) Notice that the imported article will be released to the importer unless, within 30 days from the date of the notice, the copyright owner files with the port director: (i) A written demand for the exclusion from entry of the detained imported article; and (ii) A bond, in the form and amount specified by the port director, conditioned to hold the importer or owner of the imported article harmless from any loss or damage resulting from Customs detention in the event the Commissioner or his designee determines that the article is not an infringing copy prohibited importation under section 602 of the Copyright Act of 1976 (17 U.S.C. 602) (See part 113 of this chapter). (c) Samples available to the copyright owner. At any time following presentation of the merchandise for Customs examination, but prior to seizure, Customs may provide a sample of the suspect merchandise to the owner of the copyright for examination or testing to assist in determining whether the article imported is a piratical copy. To obtain a sample under this section, the copyright owner must furnish Customs a bond in the form and amount specified by the port director, conditioned to hold the United States, its officers and employees, and the importer or owner of the imported article harmless from any loss or damage resulting from the furnishing of a sample by Customs to the copyright owner. Customs may demand the return of the sample at any time. The owner must return the sample to Customs upon demand or at the conclusion of the examination or testing. In the event that the sample is damaged, destroyed, or lost while in the possession of the copyright owner, the owner shall, in lieu of return of the sample, certify to Customs that: “The sample described as [insert description] provided pursuant to 19 CFR 133.43(c) was (damaged/destroyed/lost) during examination or testing for copyright infringement. (d) Result of action or inaction by copyright owner. After notice to the copyright owner that delivery is being withheld for imported articles suspected of being infringing copies of his recorded copyrighted work, the port director shall proceed in accordance with the following procedures: (1) Demand and bond; exchange of briefs. If the copyright owner files a written demand for exclusion of the suspected infringing copies together with a proper bond, the port director shall promptly notify the importer and copyright owner that, during a specified time limited to not more than 30 days, they may submit any evidence, legal briefs or other pertinent material to substantiate the claim or denial of infringement. The burden of proof shall be upon the party claiming that the article is in fact an infringing copy. (i) Exchange of briefs. Before timely submitting the additional evidence, legal briefs, or other pertinent material to Customs, pursuant to paragraph (c)(1) of this section, in regard to the disputed claim of infringement, the importer and the copyright owner shall first provide each other with a copy of all such information, including the importer's denial of infringement and the copyright owner's demand for exclusion. The subsequent submission of this information to Customs shall be accompanied by a written statement confirming that a copy has already been provided to the opposing party. The port director shall notify the importer and the copyright owner that they shall have additional time, not to exceed 30 days, in which to provide a response to the arguments submitted by the opposing party, and that rebuttal arguments, timely submitted, shall be fully considered in the decision-making process. During this rebuttal period and before timely submitting the rebuttal arguments to Customs, the importer and the copyright owner shall first provide each other with a copy of all such material. The submission of this rebuttal material to Customs shall be accompanied by a written statement confirming that a copy has been provided to the opposing party. The port director shall not accept any additional material from the parties to substantiate the claim or denial of infringement after the final 30-day rebuttal period expires. (ii) Decision. Upon receipt of rebuttal arguments, or 30 days after notification if no rebuttal arguments are submitted, the port director shall forward the entire file, together with a sample of each style that is considered possibly infringing, to Customs Headquarters, (Attention: International Trade Compliance Division, Office of Regulations and Rulings), for decision on the disputed claim of infringement. The final decision on the disputed claim of infringement shall be forwarded to the port director who shall send a copy thereof to the copyright owner as well as to the importer. (2) Infringement disclaimed or unsupported. If the copyright owner disclaims that the specified imported article is an infringing copy of his recorded copyrighted work, or fails to present sufficient evidence or proof to substantiate a claim of infringement, the port director shall release the detained shipment to the importer and all further importations of the same article, by whomever imported, without further notice to the copyright owner. (3) Failure to file demand or bond. If the copyright owner fails to file a written demand for exclusion and bond as required by paragraph (b) of this section, the port director shall release the detained articles to the importer and notify the copyright owner of the release. (4) Withdrawal of bond. Where the copyright owner has posted a bond on the grounds that the imported article is infringing, the copyright owner may not withdraw the bond until a decision on the issue of infringement has been reached. (e) Alternative procedure: court action. As an alternative to the administrative procedure described in this section, the copyright owner, whether or not he has recorded his copyright with Customs, may seek a court order enjoining importation of the article. To obtain Customs enforcement of an injunction, the copyright owner shall submit a certified copy of the court order to the Commissioner of Customs, Attention: Office of the Chief Counsel, Washington, DC 20229. In addition, if the copyright in question is not recorded with Customs, the copyright owner shall submit the $190 fee required by §133.33(b) and, if the work is a three-dimensional or other work not readily identifiable by title and author, 5 photographic or other likenesses reproduced on paper approximately 8&inch; × 10 [T.D. 87–40, 52 FR 9475, Mar. 25, 1987, as amended by T.D. 93–87, 58 FR 57740, Oct. 27, 1993; T.D. 98–21, 63 FR 12000, Mar. 12, 1998; 63 FR 15088, Mar. 30, 1998] (a) Claim of infringement sustained. Upon determination by the Commissioner of Customs or his designee that the detained article forwarded in accordance with §133.43(c)(1) is an infringing copy, the port director shall seize the imported article and institute forfeiture proceedings in accordance with part 162 of this chapter. The bond of the copyright owner shall be returned. (b) Denial of infringement sustained. Upon determination by the Commissioner of Customs or his designee that the detained article forwarded in accordance with §133.43(c)(1) is not an infringing copy, the port director shall release all detained merchandise and transmit the copyright owner's bond to the importer. [T.D. 87–40, 52 FR 9476, Mar. 25, 1987, as amended by T.D. 97–30, 62 FR 19493, Apr. 22, 1997] If it is determined that articles which have been released from Customs custody are subject to the prohibitions or restrictions of this subpart, the director of the port of entry shall promptly make demand for redelivery of the articles under the terms of the bond on Customs Form 301, containing the bond conditions set forth in §113.62 of this chapter, in accordance with §141.113 of this chapter. If the articles are not redelivered to Customs custody, a claim for liquidated damages shall be made in accordance with §141.113(h) of this chapter. [T.D. 72–266, 37 FR 20678, Oct. 3, 1972, as amended by T.D. 73–175, 38 FR 17447, July 2, 1973; T.D. 74–227, 39 FR 32023, Sept. 4, 1974; T.D. 84–213, 49 FR 41183, Oct. 19, 1984; T.D. 99–64, 64 FR 43266, Aug. 10, 1999] (a) Petition for relief. The importer may petition in accordance with parts 171 and 172 of this chapter for relief from, or cancellation of, a forfeiture incurred for violation of the trademark or copyright laws, or a claim for liquidated damages for failure to redeliver released merchandise incurred under the provisions of §133.24 or §133.46. (b) Conditioned relief. In appropriate cases, except for articles bearing a counterfeit trademark, relief from a forfeiture may be granted pursuant to a petition for relief upon the following conditions and such other conditions as may be specified by the appropriate Customs authority: (1) The unlawfully imported or prohibited articles are exported or destroyed under Customs supervision and at no expense to the Government; (2) All offending trademarks or trade names are removed or obliterated prior to release of the articles: (3) In the case of books or periodicals manufactured abroad contrary to the terms of the “American manufacturing clause” of the Copyright Act of 1976 (17 U.S.C. 602, 603): (i) Satisfactory evidence is submitted that a statement of abandonment has been filed and recorded in the Copyright Office by the copyright owner in accordance with the procedures of the Copyright Office; and (ii) The notice of copyright is completely obliterated prior to release of the books or periodicals. [T.D. 72–266, 37 FR 20678, Oct. 3, 1972, as amended by T.D. 79–159, 44 FR 31968, June 4, 1979; T.D. 87–40, 52 FR 9476, Mar. 25, 1987] (a) Trademark (other than counterfeit) or trade name violations. Articles forfeited for violation of the trademark laws, other than articles bearing a counterfeit trademark, shall be disposed of in accordance with the procedures applicable to forfeitures for violation of the Customs laws, after the removal or obliteration of the name, mark, or trademark by reason of which the articles were seized. (b) Copyright violations. Articles forfeited for violation of the copyright laws shall be destroyed. (c) Articles bearing a counterfeit trademark. Merchandise forfeited for violation of the trademark laws shall be destroyed, unless it is determined that the merchandise is not unsafe or a hazard to health and the Commissioner of Customs or his designee has the written consent of the U.S. trademark owner, in which case the Commissioner of Customs or his designee may dispose of the merchandise, after obliteration of the trademark, where feasible, by: (1) Delivery to any Federal, State, or local government agency that, in the opinion of the Commissioner or his designee, has established a need for the merchandise; or (2) Gift to any charitable institution that, in the opinion of the Commissioner or his designee, has established a need for the merchandise; or (3) Sale at public auction, if more than 90 days has passed since the forfeiture and Customs has determined that no need for the merchandise has been established under paragraph (c)(1) or (c)(2) of this section. [T.D. 79–159, 44 FR 31969, June 4, 1969, as amended by T.D. 94–90, 59 FR 55997, Nov. 10, 1994; T.D. 97–91, 62 FR 61232, Nov. 17, 1997] If a violation of the trademark or copyright laws is not discovered until after entry and deposit of estimated duty, the entry shall be endorsed with an appropriate notation and the duty refunded as an erroneous collection upon exportation or destruction of the prohibited articles in accordance with §158.41 or §158.45 of this chapter. [T.D. 72–266, 37 FR 20678, Oct. 3, 1972, as amended by T.D. 73–175, 38 FR 17447, July 2, 1973]
Title 19: Customs Duties
PART 133—TRADEMARKS, TRADE NAMES, AND COPYRIGHTS
Section Contents
§ 133.0 Scope.
§ 133.1 Recordation of trademarks.
§ 133.2 Application to record trademark.
§ 133.3 Documents and fee to accompany application.
§ 133.4 Effective date, term, and cancellation of trademark recordation and renewals.
§ 133.5 Change of ownership of recorded trademark.
§ 133.6 Change in name of owner of recorded trademark.
§ 133.7 Renewal of trademark recordation.
§ 133.11 Trade names eligible for recordation.
§ 133.12 Application to record a trade name.
§ 133.13 Documents and fee to accompany application.
§ 133.14 Publication of trade name recordation.
§ 133.15 Term of Customs trade name recordation.
§ 133.21 Articles bearing counterfeit trademarks.
§ 133.22 Restrictions on importation of articles bearing copying or simulating trademarks.
§ 133.23 Restrictions on importation of gray market articles.
§ 133.24 Restrictions on articles accompanying importer and mail importations.
§ 133.25 Procedure on detention of articles subject to restriction.
§ 133.26 Demand for redelivery of released merchandise.
§ 133.27 Civil fines for those involved in the importation of merchandise bearing a counterfeit mark.
§ 133.31 Recordation of copyrighted works.
§ 133.32 Application to record copyright.
§ 133.33 Documents and fee to accompany application.
§ 133.34 Effective date, term, and cancellation of recordation.
§ 133.35 Change of ownership of recorded copyright.
§ 133.36 Change in name of owner of recorded copyright.
§ 133.37 Renewal of copyright recordation.
§ 133.41 [Reserved]
§ 133.42 Infringing copies or phonorecords.
§ 133.43 Procedure on suspicion of infringing copies.
§ 133.44 Decision of disputed claim of infringement.
§ 133.45 [Reserved]
§ 133.46 Demand for redelivery of released articles.
§ 133.51 Relief from forfeiture or liquidated damages.
§ 133.52 Disposition of forfeited merchandise.
§ 133.53 Refund of duty.
Subpart D—Recordation of Copyrights
topSubpart E—Importations Violating Copyright Laws
topSubpart F—Procedure Following Forfeiture or Assessment of Liquidated Damages
top§ 133.0 Scope.
top
Subpart A—Recordation of Trademarks
top
§ 133.1 Recordation of trademarks.
top
§ 133.2 Application to record trademark.
top
§ 133.3 Documents and fee to accompany application.
top
§ 133.4 Effective date, term, and cancellation of trademark recordation and renewals.
top
§ 133.5 Change of ownership of recorded trademark.
top
§ 133.6 Change in name of owner of recorded trademark.
top
§ 133.7 Renewal of trademark recordation.
top
Subpart B—Recordation of Trade Names
top
§ 133.11 Trade names eligible for recordation.
top
§ 133.12 Application to record a trade name.
top
§ 133.13 Documents and fee to accompany application.
top
§ 133.14 Publication of trade name recordation.
top
§ 133.15 Term of Customs trade name recordation.
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Subpart C—Importations Bearing Registered and/or Recorded Trademarks or Recorded Trade Names
top
§ 133.21 Articles bearing counterfeit trademarks.
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§ 133.22 Restrictions on importation of articles bearing copying or simulating trademarks.
top
§ 133.23 Restrictions on importation of gray market articles.
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§ 133.24 Restrictions on articles accompanying importer and mail importations.
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§ 133.25 Procedure on detention of articles subject to restriction.
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§ 133.26 Demand for redelivery of released merchandise.
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§ 133.27 Civil fines for those involved in the importation of merchandise bearing a counterfeit mark.
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Subpart D—Recordation of Copyrights
top
§ 133.31 Recordation of copyrighted works.
top
§ 133.32 Application to record copyright.
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§ 133.33 Documents and fee to accompany application.
top
§ 133.34 Effective date, term, and cancellation of recordation.
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§ 133.35 Change of ownership of recorded copyright.
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§ 133.36 Change in name of owner of recorded copyright.
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§ 133.37 Renewal of copyright recordation.
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Subpart E—Importations Violating Copyright Laws
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§ 133.41 [Reserved]
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§ 133.42 Infringing copies or phonorecords.
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§ 133.43 Procedure on suspicion of infringing copies.
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§ 133.44 Decision of disputed claim of infringement.
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§ 133.45 [Reserved]
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§ 133.46 Demand for redelivery of released articles.
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Subpart F—Procedure Following Forfeiture or Assessment of Liquidated Damages
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§ 133.51 Relief from forfeiture or liquidated damages.
top
§ 133.52 Disposition of forfeited merchandise.
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§ 133.53 Refund of duty.
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