31 C.F.R. Subpart B—Prohibitions
Title 31 - Money and Finance: Treasury
(a) Except as authorized by regulations, rulings, instructions, licenses, or otherwise, no property or interests in property of the Government of Iraq that are in the United States, that hereafter come within the United States, or that are or hereafter come within the possession or control of U.S. persons, including their overseas branches, may be transferred, paid, exported, withdrawn or otherwise dealt in. (b) Unless otherwise authorized by this part or by a specific license expressly referring to this section, the transfer (including the transfer on the books of any issuer or agent thereof), the endorsement or guaranty of signatures on, or any other dealing in any security (or evidence thereof) registered or inscribed in the name of the Government of Iraq and held within the possession or control of a U.S. person is prohibited, irrespective of the fact that at any time either at or subsequent to the effective date the registered or inscribed owner thereof may have, or appears to have, assigned, transferred, or otherwise disposed of any such security. (c) When a transaction results in the blocking of funds at a financial institution pursuant to this section and a party to the transaction believes the funds have been blocked due to mistaken identity, that party may seek to have such funds unblocked pursuant to the administrative procedures set forth in §501.806 of this chapter. [56 FR 2113, Jan. 18, 1991, as amended at 62 FR 45109, Aug. 25, 1997] (a) Any transfer after the effective date, which is in violation of any provision of this part or of any regulation, ruling, instruction, license, or other direction or authorization hereunder and involves any property in which the Government of Iraq has or has had an interest since such date, is null and void and shall not be the basis for the assertion or recognition of any interest in or right, remedy, power or privilege with respect to such property. (b) No transfer before the effective date shall be the basis for the assertion or recognition of any right, remedy, power, or privilege with respect to, or interest in, any property in which the Government of Iraq has an interest, or has had an interest since such date, unless the person with whom such property is held or maintained, prior to such date, had written notice of the transfer or by any written evidence had recognized such transfer. (c) Unless otherwise provided, an appropriate license or other authorization issued by or pursuant to the direction or authorization of the Director of the Office of Foreign Assets Control before, during, or after a transfer shall validate such transfer or render it enforceable to the same extent that it would be valid or enforceable but for the provisions of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, the United Nations Participation Act, this part, and any ruling, order, regulation, direction, or instruction issued hereunder. (d) Transfers of property which otherwise would be null and void or unenforceable by virtue of the provisions of this section shall not be deemed to be null and void or unenforceable as to any person with whom such property was held or maintained (and as to such person only) in cases in which such person is able to establish to the satisfaction of the Director of the Office of Foreign Assets Control each of the following: (1) Such transfer did not represent a willful violation of the provisions of this part by the person with whom such property was held or maintained; (2) The person with whom such property was held or maintained did not have reasonable cause to know or suspect, in view of all the facts and circumstances known or available to such person, that such transfer required a license or authorization by or pursuant to this part and was not so licensed or authorized, or if a license or authorization did purport to cover the transfer, that such license or authorization had been obtained by misrepresentation of a third party or the withholding of material facts or was otherwise fraudulently obtained; and (3) Promptly upon discovery that: (i) Such transfer was in violation of the provisions of this part or any regulation, ruling, instruction, license, or other direction or authorization hereunder, or (ii) Such transfer was not licensed or authorized by the Director of the Office of Foreign Assets Control, or (iii) If a license did purport to cover the transfer, such license had been obtained by misrepresentation of a third party or the withholding of material facts or was otherwise fraudulently obtained; the person with whom such property was held or maintained filed with the Office of Foreign Assets Control a report setting forth in full the circumstances relating to such transfer. The filing of a report in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph shall not be deemed evidence that the terms of paragraphs (d) (1) and (2) of this section have been satisfied. (e) Unless licensed or authorized pursuant to this part, any attachment, judgment, decree, lien, execution, garnishment, or other judicial process is null and void with respect to any property in which, on or since the effective date, there existed an interest of the Government of Iraq. (a) Any person, including a U.S. financial institution, currently holding property subject to §575.201 which, as of the effective date or the date of receipt if subsequent to the effective date, is not being held in an interest-bearing account, or otherwise invested in a manner authorized by the Office of Foreign Assets Control, must transfer such property to, or hold such property or cause such property to be held in, an interest-bearing account or interest-bearing status in a U.S. financial institution as of the effective date or the date of receipt if subsequent to the effective date of this section, unless otherwise authorized or directed by the Office of Foreign Assets Control. This requirement shall apply to currency, bank deposits, accounts, and any other financial assets, and any proceeds resulting from the sale of tangible or intangible property. If interest is credited to an account separate from that in which the interest-bearing asset is held, the name of the account party on both accounts must be the same and must clearly indicate the blocked Government of Iraq entity having an interest in the accounts. (b) For purposes of this section, the term interest-bearing account means a blocked account in a U.S. financial institution earning interest at rates that are commercially reasonable for the amount of funds in the account. Except as otherwise authorized, the funds may not be invested or held in instruments the maturity of which exceeds 90 days. (c) This section does not apply to blocked tangible property, such as chattels, nor does it create an affirmative obligation on the part of the holder of such blocked tangible property to sell or liquidate the property and put the proceeds in a blocked account. However, the Office of Foreign Assets Control may issue licenses permitting or directing sales of tangible property in appropriate cases. Except as otherwise authorized, no goods or services of Iraqi origin may be imported into the United States, nor may any U.S. person engage in any activity that promotes or is intended to promote such importation. Except as otherwise authorized, no goods, technology (including technical data or other information), or services may be exported from the United States, or, if subject to U.S. jurisdiction, exported or reexported from a third country to Iraq, to any entity owned or controlled by the Government of Iraq, or to any entity operated from Iraq, except donated foodstuffs in humanitarian circumstances, and donated supplies intended strictly for medical purposes, the exportation of which has been specifically licensed pursuant to §§575.507, 575.517 or 575.518. Except as otherwise authorized, no U.S. person may deal in property of Iraqi origin exported from Iraq after August 6, 1990, property intended for exportation to Iraq, or property intended for exportation from Iraq to any other country, nor may any U.S. person engage in any activity that promotes or is intended to promote such dealing. Except as otherwise authorized, no U.S. person may engage in any transaction relating to travel by any U.S. citizen or permanent resident alien to Iraq, or to activities by any U.S. citizen or permanent resident alien within Iraq, after the effective date, other than transactions: (a) Necessary to effect the departure of a U.S. citizen or permanent resident alien from Kuwait or Iraq; (b) Relating to travel and activities for the conduct of the official business of the United States Government or the United Nations; or (c) Relating to journalistic activity by persons regularly employed in such capacity by a newsgathering organization. This section prohibits the unauthorized payment by a U.S. person of his or her own travel or living expenses to or within Iraq. Except as otherwise authorized, the following are prohibited: (a) Any transaction by a U.S. person relating to transportation to or from Iraq; (b) The provision of transportation to or from the United States by any Iraqi person or any vessel or aircraft of Iraqi registration; or (c) The sale in the United States by any person holding authority under the Federal Aviation Act of any transportation by air which includes any stop in Iraq. (d) Example. Unless licensed or exempted, no U.S. person may insure, or provide ticketing, ground, port, refueling, bunkering, clearance, or freight forwarding services, with respect to any sea, ground, or air transportation the destination of which is Iraq, or which is intended to make a stop in Iraq. Except as otherwise authorized, no U.S. person may perform any contract, including a financing contract, in support of an industrial, commercial, public utility, or governmental project in Iraq. Except as otherwise authorized, no U.S. person may commit or transfer, directly or indirectly, funds or other financial or economic resources to the Government of Iraq or any person in Iraq. Any transaction for the purpose of, or which has the effect of, evading or avoiding, or which facilitates the evasion or avoidance of, any of the prohibitions set forth in this subpart, is hereby prohibited. Any attempt to violate the prohibitions set forth in this part is hereby prohibited. Any conspiracy formed for the purpose of engaging in a transaction prohibited by this part is hereby prohibited. The effective dates of the prohibitions and directives contained in this subpart B are as follow: (a) With respect to §§575.201, 575.202, 575.204, 575.205, 575.207, 575.208, 575.209, and 575.211, 5 a.m., Eastern Daylight Time (“e.d.t.”), August 2, 1990; (b) With respect to §§575.206, and 575.210, 8:55 p.m. e.d.t., August 9, 1990; and (c) With respect to §575.203, January 18, 1991.
Title 31: Money and Finance: Treasury
PART 575—IRAQI SANCTIONS REGULATIONS
Subpart B—Prohibitions
§ 575.201 Prohibited transactions involving property in which the Government of Iraq has an interest; transactions with respect to securities.
§ 575.202 Effect of transfers violating the provisions of this part.
§ 575.203 Holding of certain types of blocked property in interest-bearing accounts.
§ 575.204 Prohibited importation of goods or services from Iraq.
§ 575.205 Prohibited exportation and reexportation of goods, technology, or services to Iraq.
§ 575.206 Prohibited dealing in property.
§ 575.207 Prohibited transactions relating to travel to Iraq or to activities within Iraq.
§ 575.208 Prohibited transportation-related transactions involving Iraq.
§ 575.209 Prohibited performance of contracts.
§ 575.210 Prohibited transfer of funds to the Government of Iraq or any person in Iraq.
§ 575.211 Evasions; attempts; conspiracies.
§ 575.212 Effective dates.
