42 C.F.R. Subpart I—Gas Masks
Title 42 - Public Health
Title 42: Public Health
PART 84—APPROVAL OF RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
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Subpart I—Gas Masks
§ 84.110 Gas masks; description.
(a) Gas masks including all completely assembled air purifying masks designed for use as respiratory protection during entry into atmospheres not immediately dangerous to life or health or escape only from hazardous atmospheres containing adequate oxygen to support life are described as follows:
(1) Front-mounted or back-mounted gas mask. A gas mask which consists of a full facepiece, a breathing tube, a canister at the front or back, a canister harness, and associated connections.
(2) Chin-style gas mask. A gas mask which consists of a full facepiece, a canister which is usually attached to the facepiece, and associated connections.
(3) Escape gas mask. A gas mask designed for use during escape only from hazardous atmospheres which consists of a facepiece or mouthpiece, a canister, and associated connections.
(b) Gas masks shall be further described according to the types of gases or vapors against which they are designed to provide respiratory protection, as follows:
------------------------------------------------------------------------ Type of front-mounted or back-mounted gas mask: Acid gas \1,2,3\ Ammonia Carbon monoxide Organic Vapor \1,2,3\ Other gas(es) and vapor(s) \1,2,3\ Combination of two or more of the above gases and vapors. \1,2,3\ Combination of acid gas, ammonia, carbon monoxide, and organic vapors. \1,2,3\Type of chin-style gas mask: Acid gas \1,2,3\ Ammonia Carbon monoxide Organic vapor \1,2,3\ Other gas(es) and vapor \1,2,3\ Combination of two or more of the above gases and vapors. \1,2,3\Type of escape gas mask: Acid gas \1,2,3,4\ Ammonia \4\ Carbon monoxide Organic vapor \1,2,3,4\ Other gas(s) and vapor(s) \1,2,3,4\ Combination of two or more of the above gases and vapors. \1,2,3,4\------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ Approval may be for acid gases or organic vapors as a class or for specific acid gases or organic vapors.\2\ Not for use against gases or vapors with poor warning properties (except where MSHA or Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards permit such use for a specific gas or vapor), or those which generate high heats or reaction with sorbent materials in the canister.\3\ Use of the gas mask may be limited by factors such as lower explosive limit, toxicological effects, and facepiece fit. Limitations on gas mask service life and sorbent capacity limitations shall be specified by the applicant in instructions for selection, use and maintenance of the gas mask.\4\ Eye protection may be required in certain concentrations of gases and vapors.
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(c) Gas masks for respiratory protection against gases and vapors other than those specified in paragraph (b) of this section, may be approved upon submittal of an application in writing for approval to the Certification and Quality Assurance Branch listing the gas or vapor and suggested maximum use concentration for the specific type of gas mask. The Institute will consider the application and accept or reject it on the basis of effect on the wearer's health and safety and any field experience in use of gas masks for such exposures. If the application is accepted, the Institute will test such masks in accordance with the requirements of this subpart. § 84.111 Gas masks; required components.
(a) Each gas mask described in §84.110 shall, where its design requires, contain the following component parts:
(1) Facepiece or mouthpiece and noseclip;
(2) Canister or cartridge;
(3) Canister harness;
(4) External check valve; and
(5) Breathing tube.
(b) The components of each gas mask shall meet the minimum construction requirements set forth in subpart G of this part. § 84.112 Canisters and cartridges in parallel; resistance requirements.
Where two or more canisters or cartridges are used in parallel, their resistance to airflow shall be essentially equal. § 84.113 Canisters and cartridges; color and markings; requirements.
The color and markings of all canisters and cartridges or labels shall conform with the requirements of the American National Standards Institute, American National Standard for Identification of Air-Purifying Respirator Canisters and Cartridges, ANSI K13.1–1973. ANSI K13.1 is incorporated by reference and has been approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies may be obtained from American National Standards Institute, Inc., 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018. Copies may be inspected at the NIOSH, Certification and Quality Assurance Branch, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505–2888, or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202–741–6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.php. § 84.114 Filters used with canisters and cartridges; location; replacement.
(a) Particulate matter filters used in conjunction with a canister or cartridge shall be located on the inlet side of the canister or cartridge.
(b) Filters shall be incorporated in or firmly attached to the canister or cartridge and each filter assembly shall, where applicable, be designed to permit its easy removal from and replacement in the canister or cartridge. § 84.115 Breathing tubes; minimum requirements.
Flexible breathing tubes used in conjunction with gas masks shall be designed and constructed to prevent:
(a) Restriction of free head movement;
(b) Disturbance of the fit of facepieces or mouthpieces;
(c) Interference with the wearer's activities; and
(d) Shutoff of airflow due to kinking, or from chin or arm pressure. § 84.116 Harnesses; installation and construction; minimum requirements.
(a) Each gas mask shall, where necessary, be equipped with a suitable harness designed and constructed to hold the components of the gas mask in position against the wearer's body.
(b) Harnesses shall be designed and constructed to permit easy removal and replacement of gas mask parts, and where applicable, provide for holding a full facepiece in the ready position when not in use. § 84.117 Gas mask containers; minimum requirements.
(a) Gas masks shall be equipped with a substantial, durable container bearing markings which show the applicant's name, the type and commercial designation of mask it contains and all appropriate approval labels.
(b) Containers for gas masks shall be designed and constructed to permit easy removal of the mask. § 84.118 Half-mask facepieces, full facepieces, and mouthpieces; fit; minimum requirements.
(a) Half-mask facepieces and full facepieces shall be designed and constructed to fit persons with various facial shapes and sizes either:
(1) By providing more than one facepiece size; or
(2) By providing one facepiece size which will fit varying facial shapes and sizes.
(b) Full facepieces shall provide for optional use of corrective spectacles or lenses, which shall not reduce the respiratory protective qualities of the gas mask.
(c) Half-mask facepieces shall not interfere with the fit of common industrial safety spectacles, as determined by the Institute's facepiece tests in §84.124.
(d) Gas masks with mouthpieces shall be equipped with noseclips which are securely attached to the mouthpiece or gas mask and provide an airtight seal.
(e) Facepieces shall be designed to prevent eyepiece fogging. § 84.119 Facepieces; eyepieces; minimum requirements.
(a) Full facepieces shall be designed and constructed to provide adequate vision which is not distorted by the eye.
(b) All eyepieces shall be designed and constructed to be impact and penetration resistant. Federal Specification, Mask, Air Line: and Respirator, Air Filtering, Industrial, GGG-M-125d, October 11, 1965 with interim amendment-1, July 30, 1969, is an example of an appropriate standard for determining impact and penetration resistance. Copies of GGG-M-125d may be obtained from the NIOSH, Certification and Quality Assurance Branch, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505–2888. § 84.120 Inhalation and exhalation valves; minimum requirements.
(a) Inhalation and exhalation valves shall be provided where necessary and protected against damage and distortion.
(b) Inhalation valves shall be designed and constructed to prevent excessive exhaled air from adversely affecting cartridges, canisters, and filters.
(c) Exhalation valves shall be protected against external influence, and designed and constructed to prevent inward leakage of contaminated air. § 84.121 Head harnesses; minimum requirements.
(a) Facepieces shall be equipped with adjustable and replaceable head harnesses, designed and constructed to provide adequate tension during use and an even distribution of pressure over the entire area in contact with the face.
(b) Mouthpieces shall be equipped, where applicable, with adjustable and replaceable harnesses designed and constructed to hold the mouthpiece in place. § 84.122 Breathing resistance test; minimum requirements.
(a) Resistance to airflow will be measured in the facepiece or mouthpiece of a gas mask mounted on a breathing machine both before and after each test conducted in accordance with §§84.124, 84.125, and 84.126, with air flowing at a continuous rate of 85 liters per minute.
(b) The maximum allowable resistance requirements for gas masks are as follows:
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Maximum Resistance [mm. water-column height]------------------------------------------------------------------------ Inhalation Type of gas mask -------------------------- Exhalation Initial Final \1\------------------------------------------------------------------------Front-mounted or back-mounted 60 75 20 (without particulate filter)....Front-mounted or back-mounted 70 85 20 (with approved particulate filter).........................Chin-style (without particulate 40 55 20 filter).........................Chin-style (with approved 65 80 20 particulate filter).............Escape (without particulate 60 75 20 filter).........................Escape (with approved particulate 70 85 20 filter).........................------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ Measured at end of the service life specified in Tables 5, 6, and 7 of this subpart.
§ 84.123 Exhalation valve leakage test.
(a) Dry exhalation valves and valve seats will be subjected to a suction of 25 mm. water-column height while in a normal operating position.
(b) Leakage between the valve and valve seat shall not exceed 30 milliliters per minute. § 84.124 Facepiece tests; minimum requirements.
(a) The complete gas mask will be fitted to the faces of persons having varying facial shapes and sizes.
(b) Where the applicant specifies a facepiece size or sizes for the gas mask, together with the approximate measurements of faces they are designed to fit, the Institute will insure that test subjects suit such facial measurements.
(c) Any gas mask parts which must be removed to perform the facepiece or mouthpiece fit test shall be replaceable without special tools and without disturbing the facepiece or mouthpiece fit.
(d) The facepiece or mouthpiece fit test, using positive or negative pressure recommended by the applicant and described in his instructions will be used before each test specified in paragraph (e) of this section, and in §84.125.
(e)(1) Each wearer will enter a chamber containing 100 p.p.m. isoamyl acetate vapor for a half-mask facepiece and 1,000 p.p.m. isoamyl acetate vapor for a full facepiece or mouthpiece.
(2) The facepiece or mouthpiece may be adjusted, if necessary, in the test chamber before starting the tests.
(3) Each wearer will remain in the chamber for 8 minutes while performing the following activities:
(i) Two minutes, nodding and turning head;
(ii) Two minutes, calisthenic arm movements;
(iii) Two minutes, running in place; and
(iv) Two minutes, pumping with a tire pump into a 28 liter (1 cubic foot) container.
(4) Each wearer shall not detect the odor of isoamyl acetate during the test. § 84.125 Particulate tests; canisters containing particulate filters; minimum requirements.
Gas mask canisters containing filters for protection against particulates (e.g. dusts, fumes, mists, and smokes) in combination with gases, vapors, or gases and vapors, shall also comply with the requirements as prescribed in §§84.170 through 84.183, except for the airflow resistance test of §84.181. § 84.126 Canister bench tests; minimum requirements.
(a)(1) Bench tests, except for carbon monoxide tests, will be made on an apparatus that allows the test atmosphere at 50 ±5 percent relative humidity and room temperature (25 ±2.5 °C.) to enter the canister continuously at concentrations and rates of flow specified in Tables 5, 6, and 7 of this subpart.
(2) Three canisters will be removed from containers and tested as received from the applicant.
(3) Two canisters, other than those described in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, will be equilibrated at room temperature by passing 25 percent relative humidity air through them at 64 liters per minute for 6 hours.
(4) Two canisters, other than those described in paragraphs (a) (2) and (3) of this section, will be equilibrated at room temperature by passing 85 percent relative humidity air through them at 64 liters per minute for 6 hours.
(5) The equilibrated canisters will be resealed, kept in an upright position at room temperature, and tested within 18 hours.
(b) Front-mounted and back-mounted gas mask canisters will be tested and shall meet the minimum requirements set forth in Table 5 of this subpart.
(c)(1) Front-mounted, and back-mounted, and chin-style canisters designated as providing respiratory protection against gases, ammonia, organic vapors, carbon monoxide and particulate contaminants shall have a window or other indicator to warn the gas mask wearer when the canister will no longer satisfactorily remove carbon monoxide from the inhaled air.
(2) Other types of front- and back-mounted canisters may also be equipped with a window or other indicator to warn of imminent leakage of other gases or vapors.
(3) The window indicator canisters will be tested as regular canisters, but shall show a satisfactory indicator change or other warning before the allowable canister penetration has occurred.
(d) Chin-style gas mask canisters shall meet the minimum requirements set forth in Table 6 of this subpart.
(e) Escape gas mask canisters shall meet the minimum requirements set forth in Table 7 of this subpart. Tables to Subpart I of Part 84
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Table 5_Canister Bench Tests and Requirements for Front-Mounted and Back-Mounted Gas Mask Canisters [42 CFR part 84, subpart I]-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Test atmosphere ---------------------------------------------------- Maximum Minimum Flow rate Number of allowable service Canister type Test condition Concentration (liters tests penetratin life Gas or vapor (parts per per (parts per (minutes) million) minute) million) \1\--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Acid gas................................ As received SO2 20,000 64 3 5 12 Equilibrated Cl2 20,000 64 3 5 12 ........................ SO2 20,000 32 4 5 12 ........................ Cl2 20,000 32 4 5 12Organic vapor........................... As received CCl4 20,000 64 3 5 12 Equilibrated CCl4 20,000 32 4 5 12Ammonia................................. As received NH3 30,000 64 3 50 12 Equilibrated NH3 30,000 32 4 50 12Carbon monoxide......................... As received CO 20,000 \4\ 64 2 (\3\) 60 Equilibrated CO 5,000 \2\ 32 3 (\3\) 60 ........................ CO 3,000 \2\ 32 3 (\3\) 60Combination of 2 or 3 of above types \5\Combination of all above types \6\--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ Minimum life will be determined at the indicated penetration.\2\ Relative humidity of test atmosphere will be 95 ±3pct; temperature of test atmosphere will be 25 ±2.5 °C.\3\ Maximum allowable CO penetration will be 385 cm \3\ during the minimum life. The penetration shall not exceed 500 p/m during this time.\4\ Relative humidity of test atmosphere will be 95 ±3pct; temperature of test atmosphere entering the test fixture will be 0 ±2.5 °C- 0 °C.\5\ Test conditions and requirements will be applicable as shown in this table.\6\ Test conditions and requirements will be applicable as shown in this table, except the minimum service lives for acid gas, organic vapor, and ammonia will be 6 min instead of 12 min.
Table 6_Canister Bench Tests and Requirements for Chin-Style Gas Mask Canisters [42 CFR part 84, subpart I]-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Test atmosphere ------------------------------------------------- Maximum Minimum Flow rate Number of allowable service Canister type Test condition Concentration (liters tests penetration life Gas or vapor (parts per per (parts per (minutes) million) minute) million) \1\--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Acid gas............................. As received Equilibrated SO2 50,000 64 3 5 12 ............................. Cl2 5,000 64 3 5 12 ............................. SO2 5,000 32 4 5 12 ............................. Cl2 5,000 32 4 5 12Organic vapor........................ As received Equilibrated CCl4 5,000 64 3 5 12 ............................. CCl4 5,000 32 4 5 12Ammonia.............................. As received Equilibrated NH3 5,000 64 3 50 12 As received Equilibrated NH3 5,000 32 4 50 12Carbon monoxide...................... As received CO 20,000 \2\ 64 2 (\3\) 60 ............................. CO 5,000 \4\ 32 3 (\3\) 60 ............................. CO 3,000 \2\ 32 3 (\3\) 60Combination of 2 or 3 of above types \5\Combination of all above types \6\--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ Minimum life will be determined at the indicated penetration.\2\ Relative humidity of test atmosphere will be 95 ±3pct; temperature of test atmosphere will be 25 ±2.5 ° C.\3\ Maximum allowable CO penetration will be 385 cm \3\ during the minimum life. The penetration shall not exceed 500 p/m during this time.\4\ Relative humidity of test atmosphere will be 95 ±3pct; temperature of test atmosphere entering the test fixture will be 0 ±2.5 °C- 0° C.\5\ Test conditions and requirements will be applicable as shown in this table.\6\ Test conditions and requirements will be applicable as shown in this table, except the minimum service lives for acid gas, organic vapor, and ammonia will be 6 min instead of 12 min.
Table 7_Canister Bench Tests and Requirements for Escape Gas Mask Canisters [42 CFR part 84, subpart I]-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Test atmosphere ------------------------------------------------- Maximum Minimum Flow rate Number of allowable service Canister type Test condition Concentration (liters tests penetration life Gas or vapor (parts per per (parts per (minutes) million) minute) million) \1\--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Acid gas............................. As received.................. SO2 5,000 64 3 5 12 Equilibrated................. Cl2 5,000 64 3 5 12 SO2 5,000 32 4 5 12 Cl2 5,000 32 4 5 12Organic vapor........................ As received.................. CCl4 5,000 64 3 5 12 Equilibrated................. CCl4 5,000 32 4 5 12Ammonia.............................. As received.................. NH3 5,000 64 3 50 12 Equilibrated................. NH3 5,000 32 4 50 12Carbon monoxide...................... As received.................. CO 10,000 \2\ 32 2 (\3\) \4\ 60 CO 5,000 \5\ 32 3 (\3\) 60 CO 3,000 \2\ 32 3 (\3\) 60--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ Minimum life will be determined at the indicated penetration.\2\ Relative humidity of test atmosphere will be 95 ±3 pct; temperature of test atmosphere will be 25 ±2.5 °C.\3\ Maximum allowable CO penetration will be 385 cm \3\ during the minimum life. The penetration shall not exceed 500 p/m during this time.\4\ If effluent temperature exceeds 100° C during this test, the escape gas mask shall be equipped with an effective heat exchanger.\5\ Relative humidity of test atmosphere will be 95 ±3 pct; temperature of test atmosphere entering the test fixture will be 0 ±2.5 °C- 0 °C.
