Title 46: Shipping
PART 15—MANNING REQUIREMENTS
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Subpart G—Computations
§ 15.801 General.
The OCMI will determine the specific manning levels for vessels required to have certificates of inspection by part B of subtitle II of title 46 U.S.C. The masters or individuals in command of all vessels, whether required to be inspected under 46 U.S.C. 3301 or not, are responsible for properly manning vessels in accordance with the applicable laws, regulations, and international conventions.
[CGD 81–059, 54 FR 149, Jan. 4, 1989]
§ 15.805 Master.
(a) There must be an individual holding an appropriate license as master in command of each of the following vessels:
(1) Every self-propelled, seagoing documented vessel of 200 gross tons and over.
(2) Every self-propelled inspected vessel.
(3) Every inspected passenger vessel.
(4) Every inspected small passenger vessel.
(5) Every towing vessel of at least 8 meters (at least 26 feet) or more in length must be under the command of a master of towing vessels, or a mariner licensed as master of inspected, self-propelled vessels greater than 200 gross register tons (GRT) holding either—
(i) A completed Towing Officer's Assessment Record (TOAR), bearing the signature of a Designated Examiner and stating that the Examiner found the candidate proficient; or
(ii) A license endorsed for towing vessels.
(6) Every uninspected passenger vessel of at least 100 gross tons.
(b) Every vessel documented under the laws of the United States, other than a vessel with only a recreational endorsement, must be under the command of a U.S. citizen.
[CGD 81–059, 52 FR 38623, Oct. 16, 1987, as amended by CGD 81–059, 54 FR 149, Jan. 4, 1989; USCG-1999–6216, 64 FR 53223, Oct. 1, 1999; USCG-1999–6224, 64 FR 63235, Nov. 19, 1999; 66 FR 20944, Apr. 26, 2001; USCG-1999–5040, 67 FR 34767, May 15, 2002]
§ 15.810 Mates.
(a) The OCMI determines the minimum number of licensed mates required for the safe operation of inspected vessels.
(b) The minimum number of licensed mates required to be carried on every inspected, self-propelled, seagoing and Great Lakes vessel, and every inspected, seagoing, passenger vessel must not be less than the following, except when reductions are authorized under paragraph (e) of this section:
(1) Vessels of 1000 gross tons or more (except MODUs)—three licensed mates (except when on a voyage of less than 400 miles from port of departure to port of final destination—two licensed mates).
(2) MODUs of 1000 gross tons or more:
(i) Three licensed mates when on a voyage of more than 72 hours.
(ii) Two licensed mates when on a voyage of more than 16 but not more than 72 hours.
(iii) One licensed mate when on a voyage of not more than 16 hours.
(3) Vessels of 100 or more gross tons but less than 1000 gross tons—two licensed mates (except vessels of at least 100 but less than 200 gross tons on voyages which do not exceed 24 hours in duration—one licensed mate).
(4) All offshore supply vessels of 100 gross tons or more—two licensed mates (except when on a voyage of less than 600 miles—one licensed mate). A voyage includes the accrued distance from port of departure to port of arrival and does not include stops at offshore points.
(5) All vessels of less than 100 gross tons—one licensed mate (except vessels on voyages not exceeding 12 hours in duration may, if the OCMI determines it to be safe, be operated without licensed mates).
(c) An individual in charge of the navigation or maneuvering of a self-propelled, uninspected, documented, seagoing vessel of 200 gross tons or over must hold an appropriate license authorizing service as mate.
(d) Each person in charge of the navigation or maneuvering of a towing vessel of at least 8 meters (at least 26 feet) in length must hold a license authorizing service as either—
(1) Mate (pilot) of towing vessels; or
(2) Mate of inspected self-propelled vessels greater than 200 GRT within any other restrictions on the officer's license, holding either—
(i) A completed Towing Officer's Assessment Record (TOAR) bearing the signature from a Designated Examiner and stating that the Examiner found the candidate proficient; or
(ii) A license endorsed for towing vessels.
(e) The OCMI may increase the minimum number of mates indicated in paragraph (b) of this section where he or she determines that the vessel's characteristics, route, or other operating conditions create special circumstances warranting an increase.
(f) The Commandant will consider reductions to the number of mates required by this section when special circumstances allowing a vessel to be safely operated can be demonstrated.
[CGD 81–059, 52 FR 38652, Oct. 16, 1987, as amended by CGD 81–059, 54 FR 149, Jan. 4, 1989; CGD 81–059a, 55 FR 14805, Apr. 18, 1990; USCG-1999–6224, 64 FR 63235, Nov. 19, 1999; 66 FR 20944, Apr. 26, 2001]
§ 15.812 Pilots.
(a) Except as specified in paragraph (f) of this section, the following vessels, not sailing on register, when underway on the navigable waters of the United States, must be under the direction and control of an individual qualified to serve as pilot under paragraph (b) or (c) of this section as appropriate:
(1) Coastwise seagoing vessels propelled by machinery and subject to inspection under 46 U.S.C. Chapter 33, and coastwise seagoing tank barges subject to inspection under 46 U.S.C. Chapter 37;
(2) Vessels that are not authorized by their Certificate of Inspection to proceed beyond the Boundary Line established in part 7 of this Chapter which are in excess of 1,600 gross tons, propelled by machinery, and subject to inspection under 46 U.S.C. chapter 33; and
(3) Vessels operating on the Great Lakes that are propelled by machinery and subject to inspection under 46 U.S.C. chapter 33, or are tank barges subject to inspection under 46 U.S.C. chapter 37.
(b) The following individuals may serve as a pilot for a vessel subject to paragraph (a) of this section, when underway on the navigable waters of the United States that are designated areas.
(1) An individual holding a valid first class pilot's license issued by the Coast Guard, operating within the restrictions of his or her license, may serve as pilot on any vessel to which this section applies.
(2) An individual holding a valid license issued by the Coast Guard as master or mate, employed aboard a vessel within the restrictions of his or her license, may serve as pilot on a vessel of not more than 1,600 gross tons propelled by machinery, described in paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(3) of this section, provided he or she:
(i) Is at least 21 years old;
(ii) Complies with the currency of knowledge provisions of §10.713 of this chapter; and
(iii) Has completed a minimum of four round trips over the route to be traversed while in the wheelhouse as watchstander or observer. At least one of the round trips must be made during the hours of darkness if the route is to be traversed during darkness.
(3) An individual holding a valid license issued by the Coast Guard as master, mate, or operator employed aboard a vessel within the restrictions of his or her license, may serve as pilot on a tank barge or tank barges totalling not more than 10,000 gross tons, described in paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(3) of this section, provided he or she:
(i) Is at least 21 years old;
(ii) Complies with the currency of knowledge provisions of §10.713 of this chapter;
(iii) Has a current physical examination in accordance with the provisions of §10.709 of this chapter;
(iv) Has at least six months service in the deck department on towing vessels engaged in towing operations; and
(v) Has completed a minimum of twelve round trips over the route to be traversed, as an observer or under instruction in the wheelhouse. At least three of the round trips must be made during the hours of darkness if the route is to be traversed during darkness.
(c) An individual holding a valid license issued by the Coast Guard as master, mate, or operator, employed aboard a vessel within the restrictions of his or her license, may serve as a pilot for a vessel subject to paragraph (a)(1) and (a)(2) of this section, when underway on the navigable waters of the United States that are not designated areas of pilotage waters, provided he or she:
(1) Is at least 21 years old;
(2) Complies with the currency of knowledge provisions of §10.713 of this chapter; and
(3) Has a current physical examination in accordance with the provisions of §10.709 of this chapter.
(d) In any instance when the qualifications of a person satisfying the requirements for pilotage through the provisions of this Subpart are questioned by the Coast Guard, the individual shall, within a reasonable time, provide the Coast Guard with documentation proving compliance with the applicable portion(s) of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section.
(e) Federal pilotage requirements contained in paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section are summarized in two quick reference tables.
(1) Table 15.812(e)(1) provides a guide to the pilotage requirements for inspected, self-propelled vessels.
Table 15.812(e)(1)_Quick Reference Table for Federal Pilotage Requirements for U.S. Inspected Self-Propelled Vessels, Not Sailing on Register------------------------------------------------------------------------ Nondesignated Designated areas areas of pilotage of pilotage waters waters (between (routes for which the three mile First Class line and the start Pilot's licenses of traditional are issued) pilotage routes)------------------------------------------------------------------------Inspected self-propelled vessels First Class Pilot. Master or Mate may greater than 1,600 GT, serve as pilot if authorized by their Certificate the individual: of Inspection (COI) to proceed 1. Is at least 21 beyond the Boundary Line, or years old. operating on the Great Lakes. 2. Has an annual physical exam. 3. Maintains current knowledge of the waters to be navigated.\1\Inspected self-propelled vessels First Class Pilot, Master or Mate may not more than 1,600 GT, or Master or Mate serve as pilot if authorized by their Certificate may serve as the individual: of Inspection to proceed beyond pilot if the 1. Is at least 21 the Boundary Line, or operating individual: years old. on the Great Lakes. 1. Is at least 21 2. Maintains years old.. current knowledge 2. Maintains of the waters to current knowledge be navigated.\1\ of the waters to be navigated.\1\. 3. Has 4 round trips over the route.\2\.Inspected self-propelled vessels First Class Pilot. Master or Mate may greater than 1,600 GT, not serve as pilot if authorized by their COI to the individual: proceed beyond the Boundary 1. Is at least 21 Line (Inland route vessels); years old. other than vessels operating on 2. Has an annual the Great Lakes. physical exam. 3. Maintains current knowledge of the waters to be navigated.\1\Inspected self-propelled vessels No pilotage No pilotage not more than 1,600 GT, not requirement. requirement. authorized by their COI to proceed beyond the Boundary Line (Inland route vessels); other than vessels operating on the Great Lakes.------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ One round trip within the past 60 months.\2\ If the route is to be traversed during darkness, 1 of the 4 round trips must be made during darkness.
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(2) Table 15.812(e)(2) provides a guide to the pilotage requirements for tank barges.
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Table 15.812(e)(2)_Quick Reference Table for Federal Pilotage Requirements for U.S. Inspected Tank Barges, not Sailing on Register------------------------------------------------------------------------ Nondesignated Designated areas areas of pilotage of pilotage waters waters (between (routes for which the three mile First Class line and the start Pilot's licenses of traditional are issued) pilotage routes)------------------------------------------------------------------------Tank Barges greater than 10,000 First Class Pilot. Master, Mate, or GT, authorized by their Operator may Certificate of Inspection to serve as pilot if proceed beyond the Boundary the individual: Line, or operating on the Great 1. Is at least 21 Lakes. years old. 2. Has an annual physical exam.\1\ 3. Maintains current knowledge of the waters to be navigated.\2\ 4. Has at least 6 months' service in the deck department on towing vessels engaged in towing.Tank Barges 10,000 GT or less, First Class Pilot, Master, Mate, or authorized by their Certificate or Master, Mate, Operator may of Inspection to proceed beyond or Operator may serve as pilot if the Boundary Line, or operating serve as pilot if the individual: on the Great Lakes. the individual: 1. Is at least 21 1. Is at least 21 years old. years old. 2. Has an annual 2. Has an annual physical exam.\1\ physical exam.\1\. 3. Maintains 3. Maintains current knowledge current knowledge of the waters to of the waters to be navigated.\2\ be navigated.\2\. 4. Has at least 6 4. Has at least 6 months' service months' service in the deck in the deck department on department on towing vessels towing vessels engaged in towing engaged in towing operations. operations.. 5. Has 12 round trips over the route.\3\.Tank Barges authorized by their No pilotage No pilotage Certificate of Inspection for requirement. requirement. Inland routes only (Lakes, Bays, and Sounds/Rivers); other than vessels operating on the Great Lakes.------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ Annual physical exam does not apply to an individual who will serve as a pilot of a Tank Barge of less than 1,600 gross tons.\2\ One round trip within the past 60 months.\3\ If the route is to be traversed during darkness, 3 of the 12 round trips must be made during darkness.
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(f) In Prince William Sound, Alaska, coastwise seagoing vessels over 1,600 gross tons and propelled by machinery and subject to inspection under 46 U.S.C. Chapter 37 must:
(1) When operating from 60°49' North latitude to the Port of Valdez be under the direction and control of a federally licensed pilot who:
(i) Is operating under the Federal license;
(ii) Holds a license issued by the State of Alaska; and
(iii) Is not a member of the crew of the vessel.
(2) Navigate with either two licensed deck officers on the bridge or a federally licensed pilot when operating South of 60°49' North latitude and in the approaches through Hinchinbrook Entrance and in the area bounded:
(i) On the West by a line one mile west of the western boundary of the Traffic Separation Scheme;
(ii) On the East by 146°00' West longitude;
(iii) On the North by 60°49' North latitude; and
(iv) On the South by that area of Hinchinbrook Entrance within the territorial sea bounded by 60° 07' North latitude and 146°31.5' West longitude.
[CGD 84–060, 59 FR 4842, Feb. 2, 1994, as amended by CGD 84–060, 60 FR 20652, 20653, Apr. 27, 1995; USCG-2004–18884, 69 FR 58343, Sept. 30, 2004] § 15.815 Radar observers.
(a) Each person in the required complement of licensed deck individuals, including the master, on inspected vessels of 300 gross tons or over which are radar equipped, shall hold a valid endorsement as radar observer.
(b) Each person who is employed or serves as pilot in accordance with Federal law on board vessels of 300 gross tons or over which are radar equipped, shall hold a valid endorsement as radar observer.
(c) Each person having to be licensed under 46 U.S.C. 8904(a) for employment or service as master, mate, or operator on board an uninspected towing vessel of 8 meters (approximately 26 feet) or more in length must, if the vessel is equipped with radar, hold a valid endorsement as radar observer.
[CGD 81–059, 52 FR 38652, Oct. 16, 1987, as amended by CGD 94–041, 60 FR 8309, Feb. 14, 1995; CGD 95–028, 62 FR 51196, Sept. 30, 1997; USCG-2004–18884, 69 FR 58343, Sept. 30, 2004] § 15.820 Chief engineer.
(a) There must be an individual holding an appropriate license as chief engineer or a license authorizing service as chief engineer employed on board the following inspected mechanically propelled vessels:
(1) Seagoing or Great Lakes vessels of 200 gross tons and over.
(2) Offshore supply vessels of more than 200 gross tons.
(3) Inland (other than Great Lakes) vessels of 300 gross tons and over, if the OCMI determines that a licensed individual responsible for the vessel's mechanical propulsion is necessary.
(b) An individual engaged or employed to perform the duties of chief engineer on a mechanically propelled, uninspected, seagoing, documented vessel of 200 gross tons or over must hold an appropriate license authorizing service as a chief engineer. § 15.825 Engineers.
(a) An individual in charge of an engineering watch on a mechanically propelled, seagoing, documented vessel of 200 gross tons or over, other than an individual described in §15.820, must hold an appropriate license authorizing service as an assistant engineer.
(b) The Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection determines the minimum number of licensed engineers required for the safe operation of inspected vessels. § 15.830 Radio officers.
Radio officers are required on certain merchant vessels of the United States. The determination of when a radio officer is required is based on the Federal Communications Commission requirements. § 15.835 Staff officers.
Staff officers, when carried, must be registered as specified in part 10 of this chapter. § 15.840 Able seamen.
(a) With certain exceptions, 46 U.S.C. 8702 applies to all vessels of at least 100 gross tons. At 1east 65 percent of the deck crew of these vessels, excluding licensed individuals, must be able seamen. For vessels permitted to maintain a two watch system, the percentage of able seamen may be reduced to 50 percent.
(b) Able seamen are rated as: unlimited, limited, special, offshore supply vessel, sail, and fishing industry, under the provisions of part 12 of this chapter. 46 U.S.C. 7312 specifies the categories of able seamen (i.e., unlimited, limited, etc.) necessary to meet the requirements of 46 U.S.C. 8702.
(c) It is the responsibility of the master or person in charge to ensure that the able seamen in the service of the vessel meet the requirements of 46 U.S.C. 7312 and 8702. § 15.845 Lifeboatmen.
The number of lifeboatmen required for a vessel are specified in the parts of the regulations dealing with the inspection of that specific type of vessel. § 15.850 Lookouts.
The requirements for the maintenance of a proper lookout are specified in Rule 5 of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972, and Rule 5 of the Inland Navigational Rules Act of 1980 (33 U.S.C. 2005). Lookout is a function to be performed by a member of a navigational watch. § 15.855 Cabin watchmen and fire patrolmen.
(a) On vessels carrying passengers at night, the master or person in charge shall ensure that a suitable number of watchmen are in the vicinity of the cabins or staterooms and on each deck, to guard against and give alarm in case of fire or other danger.
(b) On a fish processing vessel of more than 100 gross tons, there must be a suitable number of watchmen trained in firefighting on board when hot work is being done, to guard against and give alarm in case of a fire.
(c) For the watchmen described in paragraph (a) of this section, the owner or operator of an uninspected passenger vessel not more than 300 gross tons may substitute the use of fire detectors, heat detectors, smoke detectors, and high-water alarms with audible- and visual-warning indicators, in addition to other required safety alarms, only when each of the following conditions are met:
(1) Fire detectors are located in each space containing machinery or fuel tanks per §181.400(c) of this chapter.
(2) All grills, broilers, and deep-fat fryers are fitted with a grease extraction hood per §181.425 of this chapter.
(3) Heat and/or smoke detectors are located in each galley, public accommodation space, enclosed passageway, berthing space, and all crew spaces.
(4) High-water alarms are located in each space with a through hull fitting below the deepest load waterline, a machinery space bilge, bilge well, shaft alley bilge, or other space subject to flooding from sea water piping within the space, and a space below the waterline with non-watertight closure such as a space with a non-watertight hatch on the main deck.
(5) Each alarm has an audible- and visual-alarm indicator located at the normal operating station and, if the normal operating position is not continually manned and not navigating underway, in an alternate location that must provide the crew, and may at all times provide the passengers, immediate warning of a hazardous condition.
(6) The vessel is underway for no more than 12 hours in any 24-hour period, and the master of the vessel has chosen to operate with less than a three-watch system in accordance with §15.705.
[CGD 81–059, 52 FR 38652, Oct. 16, 1987, as amended by USCG-1999–5040, 67 FR 34767, May 15, 2002] § 15.860 Tankerman.
(a) The Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection, enters on the Certificate of Inspection issued to each manned tank vessel subject to the regulations in this chapter the number of crewmembers required to hold valid merchant mariners' documents with the proper tankerman endorsement. Table 15.860(a)(1) provides the minimal requirements for tankermen aboard manned tank vessels; Table 15.860(a)(2) provides the tankerman endorsements required for personnel aboard tankships.
(b) For each tankship of more than 5,000 gross tons certified for voyages beyond the Boundary Line:
(1) The number of “Tankerman-PICs” or restricted “Tankerman-PICs” carried must be not fewer than two.
(2) The number of “Tankerman-Assistants” carried must be not fewer than three.
(3) The number of “Tankerman-Engineers” carried must be not fewer than two.
(c) For each tankship of 5,000 gross tons or less certified for voyages beyond the Boundary Line:
(1) The number of “Tankerman-PICs” or restricted “Tankerman-PICs” carried must be not fewer than two.
(2) The number of “Tankerman-Engineers” carried must be not fewer than two, unless only one engineer is required, in which case the number of “Tankerman-Engineers” carried may be just one.
(d) For each tankship not certified for voyages beyond the Boundary Line, if the total crew complement is:
(1) One or two, the number of “Tankerman-PICs” or restricted “Tankerman-PICs” carried may be just one.
(2) More than two, the number of “Tankerman-PICs” or restricted “Tankerman-PICs” carried must be not fewer than two.
(e) For each tank barge manned under §31.15–5 of this chapter, if the total crew complement is:
(1) One or two, the number of “Tankerman-PICs”, restricted “Tankerman-PICs”, “Tankerman-PICs (Barge)”, or restricted “Tankerman-PICs (Barge)” carried may be just one.
(2) More than two, the number of “Tankerman-PICs”, restricted “Tankerman-PICs”, “Tankerman-PICs (Barge)”, or restricted “Tankerman-PICs (Barge)” carried must be not fewer than two.
(f) The following personnel aboard each tankship certified for voyages beyond the Boundary Line shall hold valid merchant mariners' documents, endorsed as follows:
(1) The master and chief mate shall each hold a “Tankerman-PIC” or restricted “Tankerman-PIC” endorsement.
(2) The chief, first assistant, and cargo engineers shall each hold a “Tankerman-Engineer” or “Tankerman (PIC)” endorsement.
(3) Each licensed person acting as the PIC of a transfer of liquid cargo in bulk shall hold a “Tankerman-PIC” or restricted “Tankerman-PIC” endorsement.
(4) Each licensed or unlicensed person, who is assigned by the PIC duties and responsibilities related to the cargo or cargo-handling equipment during a transfer of liquid cargo in bulk but is not directly supervised by the PIC, shall hold a “Tankerman-Assistant” endorsement.
(g) The endorsements required by this section must be for the classification of the liquid cargo in bulk or of the cargo residue being carried.
(h) Because STCW does not recognize restricted Tankerman-PIC endorsements, persons may act under these only aboard vessels conducting business inside the Boundary Line.
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Table 15.860(a)(1)_Minimal Requirements for Tankermen Aboard Manned Tank Vessels---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tankerman Tankerman Tankerman Tankerman PIC or Tank vessels PIC assistant engineer tankerman PIC (barge)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Tankship Certified for Voyages Beyond Boundary Line: Over 5000 GT............................................ 2 3 2 ........... 5000 GT or less......................................... 2 ........... *2 ...........Tankship Not Certified for Voyages Beyond Boundary Line..... **2 ........... ........... ...........Tank Barge.................................................. ........... ........... ........... ***2----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* If only one engineer is required, then only one Tankerman Engineer is required.** If the total crew complement is one or two persons, then only one Tankerman PIC is required.*** If the total crew complement is one or two persons, then only one Tankerman PIC or Tankerman PIC (Barge) is required.
Table 15.860(a)(2)_Tankermen Endorsements Required for Personnel Aboard Tankships [Endorsement for the Classification of the Bulk Liquid Cargo or Residues Carried]---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tankerman Tankerman Tankerman Tankship certified for voyages beyond boundary line PIC engineer assistant----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Master........................................................ [bcheck]Chief Mate.................................................... [bcheck]Chief Engineer................................................ [bcheck] or [bcheck]First Assistant Engineer...................................... [bcheck] or [bcheck]Cargo Engineer................................................ [bcheck] or [bcheck]Licensed Person Acting as PIC of Transfer of Liquid Cargo in [bcheck] Bulk.........................................................Licensed or Unlicensed Person Not Directly Supervised by PIC.. ............ ...... ............ [bcheck]----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
