49 C.F.R. § 178.603 Drop test.
Title 49 - Transportation
(a) General. The drop test must be conducted for the qualification of all packaging design types and performed periodically as specified in §178.601(e). For other than flat drops, the center of gravity of the test packaging must be vertically over the point of impact. Where more than one orientation is possible for a given drop test, the orientation most likely to result in failure of the packaging must be used. The number of drops required and the packages' orientations are as follows: (b) Exceptions. For testing of single or composite packagings constructed of stainless steel, nickel, or monel at periodic intervals only (i.e., other than design qualification testing), the drop test may be conducted with two samples, one sample each for the two drop orientations. These samples may have been previously used for the hydrostatic pressure or stacking test. Exceptions for the number of steel and aluminum packaging samples used for conducting the drop test are subject to the approval of the Associate Administrator. (c) Special preparation of test samples for the drop test. (1) Testing of plastic drums, plastic jerricans, plastic boxes other than expanded polystyrene boxes, composite packagings (plastic material), and combination packagings with plastic inner packagings other than plastic bags intended to contain solids or articles must be carried out when the temperature of the test sample and its contents has been reduced to −18 °C (0 °F) or lower. Test liquids must be kept in the liquid state, if necessary, by the addition of anti-freeze. Water/anti-freeze solutions with a minimum specific gravity of 0.95 for testing at −18 °C (0 °F) or lower are considered acceptable test liquids. Test samples prepared in this way are not required to be conditioned in accordance with §178.602(d). (d) Target. The target must be a rigid, non-resilient, flat and horizontal surface. (e) Drop height. Drop heights, measured as the vertical distance from the target to the lowest point on the package, must be equal to or greater than the drop height determined as follows: (1) For solids and liquids, if the test is performed with the solid or liquid to be transported or with a non-hazardous material having essentially the same physical characteristic, the drop height must be determined according to packing group, as follows: (i) Packing Group I: 1.8 m (5.9 feet). (ii) Packing Group II: 1.2 m (3.9 feet). (iii) Packing Group III: 0.8 m (2.6 feet). (2) For liquids in single packagings and for inner packagings of combination packagings, if the test is performed with water: (i) Where the materials to be carried have a specific gravity not exceeding 1.2, drop height must be determined according to packing group, as follows: (A) Packing Group I: 1.8 m (5.9 feet). (B) Packing Group II: 1.2 m (3.9 feet). (C) Packing Group III: 0.8 m (2.6 feet). (ii) Where the materials to be transported have a specific gravity exceeding 1.2, the drop height must be calculated on the basis of the specific gravity (SG) of the material to be carried, rounded up to the first decimal, as follows: (A) Packing Group I: SG × 1.5 m (4.9 feet). (B) Packing Group II: SG × 1.0 m (3.3 feet). (C) Packing Group III: SG × 0.67 m (2.2 feet). (f) Criteria for passing the test. A package is considered to successfully pass the drop tests if for each sample tested— (1) For packagings containing liquid, each packaging does not leak when equilibrium has been reached between the internal and external pressures, except for inner packagings of combination packagings when it is not necessary that the pressures be equalized; (2) For removable head drums for solids, the entire contents are retained by an inner packaging (e.g., a plastic bag) even if the closure on the top head of the drum is no longer sift-proof; (3) For a bag, neither the outermost ply nor an outer packaging exhibits any damage likely to adversely affect safety during transport; (4) For a composite or combination packaging, there is no damage to the outer packaging likely to adversely affect safety during transport, and there is no leakage of the filling substance from the inner packaging; (5) Any discharge from a closure is slight and ceases immediately after impact with no further leakage; and (6) No rupture is permitted in packagings for materials in Class 1 which would permit spillage of loose explosive substances or articles from the outer packaging. [Amdt. 178–97, 55 FR 52723, Dec. 21, 1990, as amended at 56 FR 66286, Dec. 20, 1991; 57 FR 45465, Oct. 1, 1992; Amdt. 178–99, 58 FR 51534, Oct. 1, 1993; Amdt. 178–106, 59 FR 67522, Dec. 29, 1994; 65 FR 50462, Aug. 18, 2000; 66 FR 45386, Aug. 28, 2001; 67 FR 61016, Sept. 27, 2002; 69 FR 76186, Dec. 20, 2004]
Title 49: Transportation
PART 178—SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS
Subpart M—Testing of Non-bulk Packagings and Packages
§ 178.603 Drop test.
------------------------------------------------------------------------ No. of tests Drop orientation of Packaging (samples) samples------------------------------------------------------------------------Steel drums, Aluminum drums, Six_(three for First drop (using three Metal drums (other than each drop). samples): The package steel or aluminum), Steel must strike the target Jerricans, Plywood drums, diagonally on the chime Wooden barrels, Fiber drums, or, if the packaging Plastic drums and Jerricans, has no chime, on a Composite packagings which circumferential seam or are in the shape of a drum. an edge. Second drop (using the other three samples): The package must strike the target on the weakest part not tested by the first drop, for example a closure or, for some 7 cylindrical drums, the welded longitudinal seam of the drum body.Boxes of natural wood, Five_(one for First drop: Flat on the Plywood boxes, Reconstituted each drop). bottom (using the first wood boxes, Fiberboard sample). Second drop: boxes, Plastic boxes, Steel Flat on the top (using or aluminum boxes, Composite the second sample). packagings which are in the Third drop: Flat on the shape of a box. long side (using the third sample). Fourth drop: Flat on the short side (using the fourth sample). Fifth drop: On a corner (using the fifth sample).Bags_single-ply with a side Three_(three First drop: Flat on a seam. drops per bag). wide face (using all three samples). Second drop: Flat on a narrow face (using all three samples). Third drop: On an end of the bag (using all three samples).Bags_single-ply without a Three_(two First drop: Flat on a side seam, or multi-ply. drops per bag). wide face (using all three samples). Second drop: On an end of the bag (using all three samples).------------------------------------------------------------------------
