49 C.F.R. Subpart C—Pipe Design
Title 49 - Transportation
Title 49: Transportation
PART 192—TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS
Browse Previous |
Browse Next
Subpart C—Pipe Design
§ 192.101 Scope.
This subpart prescribes the minimum requirements for the design of pipe.
§ 192.103 General.
Pipe must be designed with sufficient wall thickness, or must be installed with adequate protection, to withstand anticipated external pressures and loads that will be imposed on the pipe after installation.
§ 192.105 Design formula for steel pipe.
(a) The design pressure for steel pipe is determined in accordance with the following formula:
P=(2 St/D)×F×E×T
P=Design pressure in pounds per square inch (kPa) gauge.
S=Yield strength in pounds per square inch (kPa) determined in accordance with §192.107.
D=Nominal outside diameter of the pipe in inches (millimeters).
t=Nominal wall thickness of the pipe in inches (millimeters). If this is unknown, it is determined in accordance with §192.109. Additional wall thickness required for concurrent external loads in accordance with §192.103 may not be included in computing design pressure.
F=Design factor determined in accordance with §192.111.
E=Longitudinal joint factor determined in accordance with §192.113.
T=Temperature derating factor determined in accordance with §192.115.
(b) If steel pipe that has been subjected to cold expansion to meet the SMYS is subsequently heated, other than by welding or stress relieving as a part of welding, the design pressure is limited to 75 percent of the pressure determined under paragraph (a) of this section if the temperature of the pipe exceeds 900 °F (482 °C) at any time or is held above 600 °F (316 °C) for more than 1 hour.
[35 FR 13257, Aug. 19, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 192–47, 49 FR 7569, Mar. 1, 1984; Amdt. 192–85, 63 FR 37502, July 13, 1998]
§ 192.107 Yield strength (S) for steel pipe.
(a) For pipe that is manufactured in accordance with a specification listed in section I of appendix B of this part, the yield strength to be used in the design formula in §192.105 is the SMYS stated in the listed specification, if that value is known.
(b) For pipe that is manufactured in accordance with a specification not listed in section I of appendix B to this part or whose specification or tensile properties are unknown, the yield strength to be used in the design formula in §192.105 is one of the following:
(1) If the pipe is tensile tested in accordance with section II-D of appendix B to this part, the lower of the following:
(i) 80 percent of the average yield strength determined by the tensile tests.
(ii) The lowest yield strength determined by the tensile tests.
(2) If the pipe is not tensile tested as provided in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, 24,000 p.s.i. (165 MPa).
[35 FR 13257, Aug. 19, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 192–78, 61 FR 28783, June 6, 1996; Amdt. 192–83, 63 FR 7723, Feb. 17, 1998; Amdt. 192–85, 63 FR 37502, July 13, 1998]
§ 192.109 Nominal wall thickness (t) for steel pipe.
(a) If the nominal wall thickness for steel pipe is not known, it is determined by measuring the thickness of each piece of pipe at quarter points on one end.
(b) However, if the pipe is of uniform grade, size, and thickness and there are more than 10 lengths, only 10 percent of the individual lengths, but not less than 10 lengths, need be measured. The thickness of the lengths that are not measured must be verified by applying a gauge set to the minimum thickness found by the measurement. The nominal wall thickness to be used in the design formula in §192.105 is the next wall thickness found in commercial specifications that is below the average of all the measurements taken. However, the nominal wall thickness used may not be more than 1.14 times the smallest measurement taken on pipe less than 20 inches (508 millimeters) in outside diameter, nor more than 1.11 times the smallest measurement taken on pipe 20 inches (508 millimeters) or more in outside diameter.
[35 FR 13257, Aug. 19, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 192–85, 63 FR 37502, July 13, 1998]
§ 192.111 Design factor (F) for steel pipe.
(a) Except as otherwise provided in paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section, the design factor to be used in the design formula in §192.105 is determined in accordance with the following table:
------------------------------------------------------------------------ Design Class location factor (F)------------------------------------------------------------------------1........................................................... 0.722........................................................... 0.603........................................................... 0.504........................................................... 0.40------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
(b) A design factor of 0.60 or less must be used in the design formula in §192.105 for steel pipe in Class 1 locations that:
(1) Crosses the right-of-way of an unimproved public road, without a casing;
(2) Crosses without a casing, or makes a parallel encroachment on, the right-of-way of either a hard surfaced road, a highway, a public street, or a railroad;
(3) Is supported by a vehicular, pedestrian, railroad, or pipeline bridge; or
(4) Is used in a fabricated assembly, (including separators, mainline valve assemblies, cross-connections, and river crossing headers) or is used within five pipe diameters in any direction from the last fitting of a fabricated assembly, other than a transition piece or an elbow used in place of a pipe bend which is not associated with a fabricated assembly.
(c) For Class 2 locations, a design factor of 0.50, or less, must be used in the design formula in §192.105 for uncased steel pipe that crosses the right-of-way of a hard surfaced road, a highway, a public street, or a railroad.
(d) For Class 1 and Class 2 locations, a design factor of 0.50, or less, must be used in the design formula in §192.105 for—
(1) Steel pipe in a compressor station, regulating station, or measuring station; and
(2) Steel pipe, including a pipe riser, on a platform located offshore or in inland navigable waters.
[35 FR 13257, Aug. 19, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 192–27, 41 FR 34605, Aug. 16, 1976] § 192.113 Longitudinal joint factor (E) for steel pipe.
The longitudinal joint factor to be used in the design formula in §192.105 is determined in accordance with the following table:
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------ Longitudinal Specification Pipe class joint factor (E)------------------------------------------------------------------------ASTM A 53/A53M................. Seamless............ 1.00 Electric resistance 1.00 welded. Furnace butt welded. .60ASTM A 106..................... Seamless............ 1.00ASTM A 333/A 333M.............. Seamless............ 1.00 Electric resistance 1.00 welded.ASTM A 381..................... Double submerged arc 1.00 welded.ASTM A 671..................... Electric-fusion- 1.00 welded.ASTM A 672..................... Electric-fusion- 1.00 welded.ASTM A 691..................... Electric-fusion- 1.00 welded.API 5 L........................ Seamless............ 1.00 Electric resistance 1.00 welded. Electric flash 1.00 welded. Submerged arc welded 1.00 Furnace butt welded. .60Other.......................... Pipe over 4 inches .80 (102 millimeters).Other.......................... Pipe 4 inches (102 .60 millimeters) or less.------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
If the type of longitudinal joint cannot be determined, the joint factor to be used must not exceed that designated for “Other.”
[Amdt. 192–37, 46 FR 10159, Feb. 2, 1981, as amended by Amdt. 192–51, 51 FR 15335, Apr. 23, 1986; Amdt. 192–62, 54 FR 5627, Feb. 6, 1989; 58 FR 14521, Mar. 18, 1993; Amdt. 192–85, 63 FR 37502, July 13, 1998; Amdt. 192–94, 69 FR 32894, June 14, 2004] § 192.115 Temperature derating factor (T) for steel pipe.
The temperature derating factor to be used in the design formula in §192.105 is determined as follows:
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------ Temperature Gas temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (Celsius) derating factor (T)------------------------------------------------------------------------250 °F (121 °C) or less............................ 1.000300 °F (149 °C).................................... 0.967350 °F (177 °C).................................... 0.933400 °F (204 °C).................................... 0.900450 °F (232 °C).................................... 0.867------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
For intermediate gas temperatures, the derating factor is determined by interpolation.
[35 FR 13257, Aug. 19, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 192–85, 63 FR 37502, July 13, 1998] § 192.117 [Reserved]
§ 192.119 [Reserved]
§ 192.121 Design of plastic pipe.
Subject to the limitations of §192.123, the design pressure for plastic pipe is determined in accordance with either of the following formulas:
View or download PDF
Where:
P=Design pressure, gauge, kPa (psig).
S = For thermoplastic pipe, the HDB is determined in accordance with the listed specification at a temperature equal to 73 °F (23 °C), 100 °F (38 °C), 120 °F (49 °C), or 140 °F (60 °C). In the absence of an HDB established at the specified temperature, the HDB of a higher temperature may be used in determining a design pressure rating at the specified temperature by arithmetic interpolation using the procedure in Part D.2. of PPI TR–3/2004, HDB/PDB/SDB/MRS Policies (incorporated by reference, see §192.7). For reinforced thermosetting plastic pipe, 11,000 psig (75,842 kPa).
t=Specified wall thickness, mm (in).
D=Specified outside diameter, mm (in).
SDR=Standard dimension ratio, the ratio of the average specified outside diameter to the minimum specified wall thickness, corresponding to a value from a common numbering system that was derived from the American National Standards Institute preferred number series 10.
[Amdt. 192–78, 61 FR 28783, June 6, 1996, as amended by Amdt. 192–85, 63 FR 37502, July 13, 1998; Amdt. 192–94, 69 FR 32894, June 14, 2004; Amdt. 192–103, 71 FR 33407, June 9, 2006] § 192.123 Design limitations for plastic pipe.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, the design pressure may not exceed a gauge pressure of 100 psig (689 kPa) for plastic pipe used in:
(1) Distribution systems; or
(2) Classes 3 and 4 locations.
(b) Plastic pipe may not be used where operating temperatures of the pipe will be:
(1) Below −20°F (−20°C), or −40°F (−40°C) if all pipe and pipeline components whose operating temperature will be below −29°C (−20°F) have a temperature rating by the manufacturer consistent with that operating temperature; or
(2) Above the following applicable temperatures:
(i) For thermoplastic pipe, the temperature at which the HDB used in the design formula under §192.121 is determined.
(ii) For reinforced thermosetting plastic pipe, 150°F (66°C).
(c) The wall thickness for thermoplastic pipe may not be less than 0.062 inches (1.57 millimeters).
(d) The wall thickness for reinforced thermosetting plastic pipe may not be less than that listed in the following table:
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------ Minimum wall thickness Nominal size in inches (millimeters). inches (millimeters).------------------------------------------------------------------------2 (51).................................................. 0.060 (1.52)3 (76).................................................. 0.060 (1.52)4 (102)................................................. 0.070 (1.78)6 (152)................................................. 0.100 (2.54)------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
(e) The design pressure for thermoplastic pipe produced after July 14, 2004 may exceed a gauge pressure of 100 psig (689 kPa) provided that:
(1) The design pressure does not exceed 125 psig (862 kPa);
(2) The material is a PE2406 or a PE3408 as specified within ASTM D2513 (ibr, see §192.7);
(3) The pipe size is nominal pipe size (IPS) 12 or less; and
(4) The design pressure is determined in accordance with the design equation defined in §192.121.
[35 FR 13257, Aug. 19, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 192–31, 43 FR 13883, Apr. 3, 1978; Amdt. 192–78, 61 FR 28783, June 6, 1996; Amdt. 192–85, 63 FR 37502, July 13, 1998; Amdt. 192–93, 68 FR 53900, Sept. 15, 2003; 69 FR 32894, June 14, 2004; Amdt. 192–94, 69 FR 54592, Sept. 9, 2004; Amdt. 192–103, 71 FR 33407, June 9, 2006] § 192.125 Design of copper pipe.
(a) Copper pipe used in mains must have a minimum wall thickness of 0.065 inches (1.65 millimeters) and must be hard drawn.
(b) Copper pipe used in service lines must have wall thickness not less than that indicated in the following table:
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------ Wall thickness inch (millimeter)Standard size inch Nominal O.D. inch --------------------------------- (millimeter) (millimeter) Nominal Tolerance------------------------------------------------------------------------ \1/2\ (13) .625 (16) .040 (1.06) .0035 (.0889) \5/8\ (16) .750 (19) .042 (1.07) .0035 (.0889) \3/4\ (19) .875 (22) .045 (1.14) .004 (.102) 1 (25) 1.125 (29) .050 (1.27) .004 (.102) 1\1/4\ (32) 1.375 (35) .055 (1.40) .0045 (.1143) 1\1/2\ (38) 1.625 (41) .060 (1.52) .0045 (.1143)------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
(c) Copper pipe used in mains and service lines may not be used at pressures in excess of 100 p.s.i. (689 kPa) gage.
(d) Copper pipe that does not have an internal corrosion resistant lining may not be used to carry gas that has an average hydrogen sulfide content of more than 0.3 grains/100 ft3 (6.9/m3 ) under standard conditions. Standard conditions refers to 60°F and 14.7 psia (15.6°C and one atmosphere) of gas.
[35 FR 13257, Aug. 19, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 192–62, 54 FR 5628, Feb. 6, 1989; Amdt. 192–85, 63 FR 37502, July 13, 1998]
Browse Previous |
Browse Next
|
