49 C.F.R. Subpart F—Joining of Materials Other Than by Welding
Title 49 - Transportation
(a) This subpart prescribes minimum requirements for joining materials in pipelines, other than by welding. (b) This subpart does not apply to joining during the manufacture of pipe or pipeline components. (a) The pipeline must be designed and installed so that each joint will sustain the longitudinal pullout or thrust forces caused by contraction or expansion of the piping or by anticipated external or internal loading. (b) Each joint must be made in accordance with written procedures that have been proven by test or experience to produce strong gastight joints. (c) Each joint must be inspected to insure compliance with this subpart. (a) Each caulked bell and spigot joint in cast iron pipe must be sealed with mechanical leak clamps. (b) Each mechanical joint in cast iron pipe must have a gasket made of a resilient material as the sealing medium. Each gasket must be suitably confined and retained under compression by a separate gland or follower ring. (c) Cast iron pipe may not be joined by threaded joints. (d) Cast iron pipe may not be joined by brazing. [35 FR 13257, Aug. 19, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 192–62, 54 FR 5628, Feb. 6, 1989] (a) Ductile iron pipe may not be joined by threaded joints. (b) Ductile iron pipe may not be joined by brazing. [35 FR 13257, Aug. 19, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 192–62, 54 FR 5628, Feb. 6, 1989] Copper pipe may not be threaded except that copper pipe used for joining screw fittings or valves may be threaded if the wall thickness is equivalent to the comparable size of Schedule 40 or heavier wall pipe listed in Table C1 of ASME/ANSI B16.5. [Amdt. 192–62, 54 FR 5628, Feb. 6, 1989, as amended at 58 FR 14521, Mar. 18, 1993] (a) General. A plastic pipe joint that is joined by solvent cement, adhesive, or heat fusion may not be disturbed until it has properly set. Plastic pipe may not be joined by a threaded joint or miter joint. (b) Solvent cement joints. Each solvent cement joint on plastic pipe must comply with the following: (1) The mating surfaces of the joint must be clean, dry, and free of material which might be deterimental to the joint. (2) The solvent cement must conform to ASTM Designation D 2513. (3) The joint may not be heated to accelerate the setting of the cement. (c) Heat-fusion joints. Each heat-fusion joint on plastic pipe must comply with the following: (1) A butt heat-fusion joint must be joined by a device that holds the heater element square to the ends of the piping, compresses the heated ends together, and holds the pipe in proper alignment while the plastic hardens. (2) A socket heat-fusion joint must be joined by a device that heats the mating surfaces of the joint uniformly and simultaneously to essentially the same temperature. (3) An electrofusion joint must be joined utilizing the equipment and techniques of the fittings manufacturer or equipment and techniques shown, by testing joints to the requirements of §192.283(a)(1)(iii), to be at least equivalent to those of the fittings manufacturer. (4) Heat may not be applied with a torch or other open flame. (d) Adhesive joints. Each adhesive joint on plastic pipe must comply with the following: (1) The adhesive must conform to ASTM Designation D 2517. (2) The materials and adhesive must be compatible with each other. (e) Mechanical joints. Each compression type mechanical joint on plastic pipe must comply with the following: (1) The gasket material in the coupling must be compatible with the plastic. (2) A rigid internal tubular stiffener, other than a split tubular stiffener, must be used in conjunction with the coupling. [35 FR 13257, Aug. 19, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 192–34, 44 FR 42973, July 23, 1979; Amdt. 192–58, 53 FR 1635, Jan. 21, 1988; Amdt. 192–61, 53 FR 36793, Sept. 22, 1988; 58 FR 14521, Mar. 18, 1993; Amdt. 192–78, 61 FR 28784, June 6, 1996] (a) Heat fusion, solvent cement, and adhesive joints. Before any written procedure established under §192.273(b) is used for making plastic pipe joints by a heat fusion, solvent cement, or adhesive method, the procedure must be qualified by subjecting specimen joints made according to the procedure to the following tests: (1) The burst test requirements of— (i) In the case of thermoplastic pipe, paragraph 6.6 (sustained pressure test) or paragraph 6.7 (Minimum Hydrostatic Burst Test) or paragraph 8.9 ( Sustained Static pressure Test) of ASTM D2513 (ibr, see §192.7); (ii) In the case of thermosetting plastic pipe, paragraph 8.5 (Minimum Hydrostatic Burst Pressure) or paragraph 8.9 (Sustained Static Pressure Test) of ASTM D2517 (incorporated by reference, see §192.7); or (iii) In the case of electrofusion fittings for polyethylene pipe and tubing, paragraph 9.1 (Minimum Hydraulic Burst Pressure Test), paragraph 9.2 (Sustained Pressure Test), paragraph 9.3 (Tensile Strength Test), or paragraph 9.4 (Joint Integrity Tests) of ASTM Designation F1055 (incorporated by reference, see §192.7). (2) For procedures intended for lateral pipe connections, subject a specimen joint made from pipe sections joined at right angles according to the procedure to a force on the lateral pipe until failure occurs in the specimen. If failure initiates outside the joint area, the procedure qualifies for use; and (3) For procedures intended for non-lateral pipe connections, follow the tensile test requirements of ASTM D638 (ibr, see §192.7), except that the test may be conducted at ambient temperature and humidity If the specimen elongates no less than 25 percent or failure initiates outside the joint area, the procedure qualifies for use. (b) Mechanical joints. Before any written procedure established under §192.273(b) is used for making mechanical plastic pipe joints that are designed to withstand tensile forces, the procedure must be qualified by subjecting 5 specimen joints made according to the procedure to the following tensile test: (1) Use an apparatus for the test as specified in ASTM D 638 (except for conditioning), (ibr, see §192.7). (2) The specimen must be of such length that the distance between the grips of the apparatus and the end of the stiffener does not affect the joint strength. (3) The speed of testing is 0.20 in (5.0 mm) per minute, plus or minus 25 percent. (4) Pipe specimens less than 4 inches (102 mm) in diameter are qualified if the pipe yields to an elongation of no less than 25 percent or failure initiates outside the joint area. (5) Pipe specimens 4 inches (102 mm) and larger in diameter shall be pulled until the pipe is subjected to a tensile stress equal to or greater than the maximum thermal stress that would be produced by a temperature change of 100°F (38°C) or until the pipe is pulled from the fitting. If the pipe pulls from the fitting, the lowest value of the five test results or the manufacturer's rating, whichever is lower must be used in the design calculations for stress. (6) Each specimen that fails at the grips must be retested using new pipe. (7) Results obtained pertain only to the specific outside diameter, and material of the pipe tested, except that testing of a heavier wall pipe may be used to qualify pipe of the same material but with a lesser wall thickness. (c) A copy of each written procedure being used for joining plastic pipe must be available to the persons making and inspecting joints. (d) Pipe or fittings manufactured before July 1, 1980, may be used in accordance with procedures that the manufacturer certifies will produce a joint as strong as the pipe. [Amdt. 192–34A, 45 FR 9935, Feb. 14, 1980, as amended by Amdt. 192–34B, 46 FR 39, Jan. 2, 1981; 47 FR 32720, July 29, 1982; 47 FR 49973, Nov. 4, 1982; 58 FR 14521, Mar. 18, 1993; Amdt. 192–78, 61 FR 28784, June 6, 1996; Amdt. 192–85, 63 FR 37503, July 13, 1998; Amdt. 192–94, 69 FR 32895, June 14, 2004; Amdt. 192–94, 69 FR 54592, Sept. 9, 2004] (a) No person may make a plastic pipe joint unless that person has been qualified under the applicable joining procedure by: (1) Appropriate training or experience in the use of the procedure; and (2) Making a specimen joint from pipe sections joined according to the procedure that passes the inspection and test set forth in paragraph (b) of this section. (b) The specimen joint must be: (1) Visually examined during and after assembly or joining and found to have the same appearance as a joint or photographs of a joint that is acceptable under the procedure; and (2) In the case of a heat fusion, solvent cement, or adhesive joint: (i) Tested under any one of the test methods listed under §192.283(a) applicable to the type of joint and material being tested; (ii) Examined by ultrasonic inspection and found not to contain flaws that would cause failure; or (iii) Cut into at least 3 longitudinal straps, each of which is: (A) Visually examined and found not to contain voids or discontinuities on the cut surfaces of the joint area; and (B) Deformed by bending, torque, or impact, and if failure occurs, it must not initiate in the joint area. (c) A person must be requalified under an applicable procedure, if during any 12-month period that person: (1) Does not make any joints under that procedure; or (2) Has 3 joints or 3 percent of the joints made, whichever is greater, under that procedure that are found unacceptable by testing under §192.513. (d) Each operator shall establish a method to determine that each person making joints in plastic pipelines in the operator's system is qualified in accordance with this section. [Amdt. 192–34A, 45 FR 9935, Feb. 14, 1980, as amended by Amdt. 192–34B, 46 FR 39, Jan. 2, 1981; Amdt. 192–93, 68 FR 53900, Sept. 15, 2003] No person may carry out the inspection of joints in plastic pipes required by §§192.273(c) and 192.285(b) unless that person has been qualified by appropriate training or experience in evaluating the acceptability of plastic pipe joints made under the applicable joining procedure. [Amdt. 192–34, 44 FR 42974, July 23, 1979]
Title 49: Transportation
PART 192—TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS
Subpart F—Joining of Materials Other Than by Welding
§ 192.271 Scope.
§ 192.273 General.
§ 192.275 Cast iron pipe.
§ 192.277 Ductile iron pipe.
§ 192.279 Copper pipe.
§ 192.281 Plastic pipe.
§ 192.283 Plastic pipe: Qualifying joining procedures.
§ 192.285 Plastic pipe: Qualifying persons to make joints.
§ 192.287 Plastic pipe: Inspection of joints.
