§ 2201. — Congressional findings.
[Laws in effect as of January 24, 2002]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
January 24, 2002 and December 19, 2002]
[CITE: 15USC2201]
TITLE 15--COMMERCE AND TRADE
CHAPTER 49--FIRE PREVENTION AND CONTROL
Sec. 2201. Congressional findings
The Congress finds that--
(1) The National Commission on Fire Prevention and Control,
established pursuant to Public Law 90-259, has made an exhaustive
and comprehensive examination of the Nation's fire problem, has made
detailed findings as to the extent of this problem in terms of human
suffering and loss of life and property, and has made ninety
thoughtful recommendations.
(2) The United States today has the highest per capita rate of
death and property loss from fire of all the major industrialized
nations in the world.
(3) Fire is an undue burden affecting all Americans, and fire
also constitutes a public health and safety problem of great
dimensions. Fire kills 12,000 and scars and injures 300,000
Americans each year, including 50,000 individuals who require
extended hospitalization. Almost $3 billion worth of property is
destroyed annually by fire, and the total economic cost of
destructive fire in the United States is estimated conservatively to
be $11,000,000,000 per year. Firefighting is the Nation's most
hazardous profession.
(4) Such losses of life and property from fire are unacceptable
to the Congress.
(5) While fire prevention and control is and should remain a
State and local responsibility, the Federal Government must help if
a significant reduction in fire losses is to be achieved.
(6) The fire service and the civil defense program in each
locality would both benefit from closer cooperation.
(7) The Nation's fire problem is exacerbated by (A) the
indifference with which some Americans confront the subject; (B) the
Nation's failure to undertake enough research and development into
fire and fire-related problems; (C) the scarcity of reliable data
and information; (D) the fact that designers and purchasers of
buildings and products generally give insufficient attention to fire
safety; (E) the fact that many communities lack adequate building
and fire prevention codes; and (F) the fact that local fire
departments spend about 95 cents of every dollar appropriated to the
fire services on efforts to extinguish fires and only about 5 cents
on fire prevention.
(8) There is a need for improved professional training and
education oriented toward improving the effectiveness of the fire
services, including an increased emphasis on preventing fires and on
reducing injuries to firefighters.
(9) A national system for the collection, analysis, and
dissemination of fire data is needed to help local fire services
establish research and action priorities.
(10) The number of specialized medical centers which are
properly equipped and staffed for the treatment of burns and the
rehabilitation of victims of fires is inadequate.
(11) The unacceptably high rates of death, injury, and property
loss from fire can be reduced if the Federal Government establishes
a coordinated program to support and reinforce the fire prevention
and control activities of State and local governments.
(Pub. L. 93-498, Sec. 2, Oct. 29, 1974, 88 Stat. 1535.)
References in Text
The National Commission on Fire Prevention and Control, established
pursuant to Public Law 90-259, referred to in par. (1), refers to the
Commission established pursuant to Pub. L. 90-259, title II, Secs. 201-
207, Mar. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 36, which provisions were set out as a note
under section 278f of this title. The Commission has expired pursuant to
sections 203(c) and 207 of Pub. L. 90-259.
Short Title of 2000 Amendment
Pub. L. 106-503, title I, Sec. 101, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2298,
provided that: ``This title [enacting sections 2230 and 2231 of this
title, amending sections 1511, 2203, 2204, 2206, 2209, 2210, 2214 to
2218 and 2220 of this title, sections 151302 to 151304 and 151307 of
Title 36, Patriotic and National Observances, Ceremonies, and
Organizations, and section 290a of Title 42, The Public Health and
Welfare, and repealing sections 2222 and 2223 of this title] may be
cited as the `Fire Administration Authorization Act of 2000'.''
Short Title of 1997 Amendment
Pub. L. 105-108, Sec. 1, Nov. 20, 1997, 111 Stat. 2264, provided
that: ``This Act [amending sections 2216, 2225, and 2227 of this title
and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 2204 and 2218 of
this title] may be cited as the `United States Fire Administration
Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1998 and 1999'.''
Short Title of 1994 Amendment
Pub. L. 103-254, Sec. 1, May 19, 1994, 108 Stat. 679, provided that:
``This Act [enacting sections 2221 and 2228 of this title, amending
sections 2216, 2220, and 2227 of this title, and enacting provisions set
out as notes under this section and section 2216 of this title] may be
cited as the `Arson Prevention Act of 1994'.''
Short Title of 1990 Amendment
Pub. L. 101-391, Sec. 1, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 747, provided
that: ``This Act [enacting sections 2224, 2225, 2225a and 2226 of this
title and section 5707a of Title 5, Government Organization and
Employees, amending section 2203 of this title and sections 5701 and
5707 of Title 5, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this
section and sections 5707 and 5707a of Title 5] may be cited as the
`Hotel and Motel Fire Safety Act of 1990'.''
Short Title
Section 1 of Pub. L. 93-498 provided: ``That this Act [enacting this
chapter and section 290a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare,
amending sections 278f and 1511 of this title, and repealing section
278g of this title] may be cited as the `Federal Fire Prevention and
Control Act of 1974'.''
Study on Need for Federal Assistance to State and Local Communities To
Fund Firefighting and Emergency Response Activities
Pub. L. 106-398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title XVII, Sec. 1701(b)], Oct.
30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A-363, provided that:
``(1) Requirement for study.--The Director of the Federal Emergency
Management Agency shall conduct a study in conjunction with the National
Fire Protection Association to--
``(A) define the current role and activities associated with the
fire services;
``(B) determine the adequacy of current levels of funding; and
``(C) provide a needs assessment to identify shortfalls.
``(2) Time for completion of study; report.--The Director shall
complete the study under paragraph (1), and submit a report on the
results of the study to Congress, within 18 months after the date of the
enactment of this Act [Oct. 30, 2000].
``(3) Authorization of appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated to the Federal Emergency Management Agency $300,000 for
fiscal year 2001 to carry out the study required by paragraph (1).''
Local Firefighter and Emergency Services Training
Pub. L. 104-132, title VIII, Sec. 819, Apr. 24, 1996, 110 Stat.
1316, provided that:
``(a) Grant Authorization.--The Attorney General, in consultation
with the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, may make
grants to provide specialized training and equipment to enhance the
capability of metropolitan fire and emergency service departments to
respond to terrorist attacks.
``(b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated for fiscal year 1997, $5,000,000 to carry out this
section.''
[For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of
the Federal Emergency Management Agency, including the functions of the
Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency relating thereto, to
the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related
references, see sections 313(1), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6,
Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security
Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note
under section 542 of Title 6.]
Arson Prevention and Control; Congressional Findings
Pub. L. 103-254, Sec. 2, May 19, 1994, 108 Stat. 679, provided that:
``Congress finds that--
``(1) arson is a serious and costly problem, and is responsible
for approximately 25 percent of all fires in the United States;
``(2) arson is a leading cause of fire deaths, accounting for
approximately 700 deaths annually in the United States, and is the
leading cause of property damage due to fire in the United States;
``(3) estimates of arson property losses are in the range of
$2,000,000,000 annually, or approximately 1 of every 4 dollars lost
to fire;
``(4) the incidence of arson in the United States is seriously
underreported, in part because of the lack of adequate participation
by local jurisdictions in the National Fire Incident Reporting
System (NFIRS) and the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) program;
``(5) there is a need for expanded training programs for arson
investigators;
``(6) there is a need for improved programs designed to enable
volunteer firefighters to detect arson crimes and to preserve
evidence vital to the investigation and prosecution of arson cases;
``(7) according to the National Fire Protection Association, of
all the suspicious and incendiary fires estimated to occur, only \1/
3\ are confirmed as arson; and
``(8) improved training of arson investigators will increase the
ability of fire departments to identify suspicious and incendiary
fires, and will result in increased and more effective prosecution
of arson offenses.''
Congressional Findings and Purpose
Pub. L. 101-391, Sec. 2, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 747, provided
that:
``(a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
``(1) more than 400 Americans have lost their lives in
multistory hotel fires over the last 5 years;
``(2) when properly installed and maintained, automatic
sprinklers and smoke detectors provide the most effective safeguards
against the loss of life and property from fire;
``(3) automatic sprinklers and smoke detectors should supplement
and not supplant other fire protection measures, including existing
requirements for fire resistive walls and fire retardant
furnishings;
``(4) some State and local governments and the hotel industry
need to act more rapidly to require the installation and use of
automatic sprinkler systems in hotels; and
``(5) through the United States Fire Administration and the
Center for Fire Research, the Federal Government has helped to
develop and promote the use of residential sprinkler systems and
other means of fire prevention and control.
``(b) Purpose.--It is the purpose of this Act [see Short Title of
1990 Amendment note above] to save lives and protect property by
promoting fire and life safety in hotels, motels, and all places of
public accommodation affecting commerce.''
Waiver of Federal Liability
Pub. L. 101-391, Sec. 7, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 752, provided
that: ``In any action for damages resulting from a fire at a place of
public accommodation, the Federal Government may not be found liable for
the death of or injury to any person or damage to any property because
an officer or employee of the Federal Government was negligent in
carrying out any requirement under this Act [see Short Title of 1990
Amendment note above] or the amendments made by this Act.''
Effect on Certain Requirements
Pub. L. 101-391, Sec. 8, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 752, provided
that: ``Nothing in this Act [see Short Title of 1990 Amendment note
above] shall be construed to encourage model building code
organizations, or State or local governments, to reduce requirements for
fire resistive walls or other safety features.''
REORGANIZATION PLAN NO. 3 OF 1978
43 F.R. 41943, 92 Stat. 3788
Prepared by the President and transmitted to the Senate and the House of
Representatives in Congress assembled, June 19, 1978, pursuant to
the provisions of Chapter 9 of Title 5 of the United States Code.
PART I. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
Sec. 101. Establishment of the Federal Emergency Management Agency
There is hereby established as an independent establishment in the
Executive Branch, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (the
``Agency'').
Sec. 102. The Director
The Agency shall be headed by a Director, who shall be appointed by
the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and
shall be compensated at the rate now or hereafter prescribed by law for
level II of the Executive Schedule [5 U.S.C. 5313].
Sec. 103. The Deputy Director
There shall be within the Agency a Deputy Director, who shall be
appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the
Senate, and shall be compensated at the rate now or hereafter prescribed
by law for level IV of the Executive Schedule [5 U.S.C. 5315]. The
Deputy Director shall perform such functions as the Director may from
time to time prescribe and shall act as Director during the absence or
disability of the Director or in the event of a vacancy in the Office of
the Director.
Sec. 104. Associate Directors
There shall be within the Agency not more than four Associate
Directors, who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the
advice and consent of the Senate, two of whom shall be compensated at
the rate now or hereafter prescribed by law for level IV of the
Executive Schedule [5 U.S.C. 5315], one of whom shall be compensated at
the rate now or hereafter prescribed by law for level V of the Executive
Schedule [5 U.S.C. 5316] and one of whom shall be compensated at the
rate now or hereafter prescribed by law for GS-18 of the General
Schedule [set out under 5 U.S.C. 5332]. The Associate Directors shall
perform such functions as the Director may from time to time prescribe.
Sec. 105. Regional Directors
There shall be within the Agency ten regional directors who shall be
appointed by the Director in the excepted service and shall be
compensated at the rate now or hereafter prescribed by law for GS-16 of
the General Schedule [set out under 5 U.S.C. 5332].
Sec. 106. Performance of Functions
The Director may establish bureaus, offices, divisions, and other
units within the Agency. The Director may from time to time make
provision for the performance of any function of the Director by any
officer, employee, or unit of the Agency.
PART II. TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS
Sec. 201. Fire Prevention
There are hereby transferred to the Director all functions vested in
the Secretary of Commerce, the Administrator and Deputy Administrator of
the National Fire Prevention and Control Administration, and the
Superintendent of the National Academy for Fire Prevention and Control
pursuant to the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974, as
amended, (15 U.S.C. 2201 through 2219); exclusive of the functions set
forth at Sections 18 and 23 of the Federal Fire Prevention and Control
Act (15 U.S.C. 278(f) and 1511).
Sec. 202. Flood and Other Matters
There are hereby transferred to the Director all functions vested in
the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development pursuant to the National
Flood Insurance Act of 1968, as amended, and the Flood Disaster
Protection Act of 1973, as amended, (42 U.S.C. 2414 and 42 U.S.C. 4001
through 4128), and Section 1 of the National Insurance Development Act
of 1975, as amended, (89 Stat. 68) [set out as a note under 12 U.S.C.
1749bbb].
Sec. 203. Emergency Broadcast System
There are hereby transferred to the Director all functions
concerning the Emergency Broadcast System, which were transferred to the
President and all such functions transferred to the Secretary of
Commerce, by Reorganization Plan Number 1 [set out in the Appendix to
Title 5, Government Organization and Employees].
PART III. GENERAL PROVISIONS
Sec. 301. Transfer and Abolishment of Agencies and Officers
The National Fire Prevention and Control Administration and the
National Academy for Fire Prevention and Control and the positions of
Administrator of said Administration and Superintendent of said Academy
are hereby transferred to the Agency. The position of Deputy
Administrator of said Administration (established by 15 U.S.C. 2204(c))
is hereby abolished.
Sec. 302. Incidental Transfers
So much of the personnel, property, records, and unexpended balances
of appropriations, allocations and other funds employed, used, held,
available, or to be made available in connection with the functions
transferred under this Plan, as the Director of the Office of Management
and Budget shall determine, shall be transferred to the appropriate
agency, or component at such time or times as the Director of the Office
of Management and Budget shall provide, except that no such unexpended
balances transferred shall be used for purposes other than those for
which the appropriation was originally made. The Director of the Office
of Management and Budget shall provide for terminating the affairs of
any agencies abolished herein and for such further measures and
dispositions as such Director deems necessary to effectuate the purposes
of this Reorganization Plan.
Sec. 303. Interim Officers
The President may authorize any persons who, immediately prior to
the effective date of this Plan, held positions in the Executive Branch
to which they were appointed by and with the advice and consent of the
Senate, to act as Director, Deputy Director, and Associate Directors of
the Agency, until those offices are for the first time filled pursuant
to the provisions of this Reorganization Plan or by recess appointment,
as the case may be. The President may authorize any such person to
receive the compensation attached to the Office in respect of which that
person so serves, in lieu of other compensation from the United States.
Sec. 304. Effective Date
The provisions of this Reorganization Plan shall become effective at
such time or times, on or before April 1, 1979, as the President shall
specify, but not sooner than the earliest time allowable under Section
906 of Title 5, United States Code.
[Pursuant to Ex. Ord. 12127, Mar. 31, 1979, 44 F.R. 19367, this
Reorg. Plan is effective Apr. 1, 1979]
Message of the President
To the Congress of the United States:
Today I am transmitting Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1978. The plan
improves Federal emergency management and assistance. By consolidating
emergency preparedness, mitigation and response activities, it cuts
duplicative administrative costs and strengthens our ability to deal
effectively with emergencies.
The plan, together with changes I will make through Executive
action, would merge five agencies from the Departments of Defense,
Commerce, HUD, and GSA into one new agency.
For the first time, key emergency management and assistance
functions would be unified and made directly accountable to the
President and Congress. This will reduce pressures for increased costs
to serve similar goals.
The present situation has severely hampered Federal support of State
and local emergency organizations and resources, which bear the primary
responsibility for preserving life and property in times of calamity.
This reorganization has been developed in close cooperation with State
and local governments.
If approved by the Congress, the plan will establish the Federal
Emergency Management Agency, whose Director shall report directly to the
President. The National Fire Prevention and Control Administration (in
the Department of Commerce), the Federal Insurance Administration (in
the Department of Housing and Urban Development), and oversight
responsibility for the Federal Emergency Broadcast System (now assigned
in the Executive Office of the President) would be transferred to the
Agency. The Agency's Director, its Deputy Director, and its five
principal program managers would be appointed by the President with the
advice and consent of the Senate.
If the plan takes effect, I will assign to the Federal Emergency
Management Agency all authorities and functions vested by law in the
President and presently delegated to the Defense Civil Preparedness
Agency (in the Department of Defense). This will include certain
engineering and communications support functions for civil defense now
assigned to the U.S. Army.
I will also transfer to the new Agency all authorities and functions
under the Disaster Relief Acts of 1970 and 1974 [sections 4401 et seq.
and 5121 et seq. of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] now
delegated to the Federal Disaster Assistance Administration in the
Department of Housing and Urban Development.
I will also transfer all Presidential authorities and functions now
delegated to the Federal Preparedness Agency in the General Services
Administration, including the establishment of policy for the national
stockpile. The stockpile disposal function, which is statutorily
assigned to the General Services Administration, would remain there.
Once these steps have been taken by Executive Order, these three
agencies would be abolished.
Several additional transfers of emergency preparedness and
mitigation functions would complete the consolidation. These include:
Oversight of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, under
Public Law 95-124 [section 7701 et seq. of Title 42], now carried
out by the Office of Science and Technology Policy in the Executive
Office of the President.
Coordination of Federal activities to promote dam safety,
carried by the same Office.
Responsibility for assistance to communities in the development
of readiness plans for severe weather-related emergencies, including
floods, hurricanes, and tornadoes.
Coordination of natural and nuclear disaster warning systems.
Coordination of preparedness and planning to reduce the
consequences of major terrorist incidents. This would not alter the
present responsibility of the executive branch for reacting to the
incidents themselves.
This reorganization rests on several fundamental principles:
First, Federal authorities to anticipate, prepare for, and respond
to major civil emergencies should be supervised by one official
responsible to the President and given attention by other officials at
the highest levels.
The new Agency would be in this position. To increase White House
oversight and involvement still further, I shall establish by Executive
Order an Emergency Management Committee, to be chaired by the Federal
Emergency Management Agency Director. Its membership shall be comprised
of the Assistants to the President for National Security, Domestic
Affairs and Policy and Intergovernmental Relations, and the Director,
Office of Management and Budget. It will advise the President on ways to
meet national civil emergencies. It will also oversee and provide
guidance on the management of all Federal emergency authorities,
advising the President on alternative approaches to improve performance
and avoid excessive costs.
Second, an effective civil defense system requires the most
efficient use of all available emergency resources. At the same time,
civil defense systems, organization, and resources must be prepared to
cope with any disasters which threaten our people. The Congress has
clearly recognized this principle in recent changes in the civil defense
legislation.
The communications, warning, evacuation, and public education
processes involved in preparedness for a possible nuclear attack should
be developed, tested, and used for major natural and accidental
disasters as well. Consolidation of civil defense functions in the new
Agency will assure that attack readiness programs are effectively
integrated into the preparedness organizations and programs of State and
local government, private industry, and volunteer organizations.
While serving an important ``all hazards'' readiness and response
role, civil defense must continue to be fully compatible with and be
ready to play an important role in our Nation's overall strategic
policy. Accordingly, to maintain a link between our strategic nuclear
planning and our nuclear attack preparedness planning, I will make the
Secretary of Defense and the National Security Council responsible for
oversight of civil defense related programs and policies of the new
Agency. This will also include appropriate Department of Defense support
in areas like program development, technical support, research,
communications, intelligence and emergency operations.
Third, whenever possible, emergency responsibilities should be
extensions of the regular missions of Federal agencies. The primary task
of the Federal Emergency Management Agency will be to coordinate and
plan for the emergency deployment of resources that have other routine
uses. There is no need to develop a separate set of Federal skills and
capabilities for those rare occasions when catastrophe occurs.
Fourth, Federal hazard mitigation activities should be closely
linked with emergency preparedness and response functions. This
reorganization would permit more rational decisions on the relative
costs and benefits of alternative approaches to disasters by making the
Federal Emergency Management Agency the focal point of all Federal
hazard mitigation activities and by combining these with the key Federal
preparedness and response functions.
The affected hazard mitigation activities include the Federal
Insurance Administration which seeks to reduce flood losses by assisting
states and local governments in developing appropriate land uses and
building standards and several agencies that presently seek to reduce
fire and earthquake losses through research and education.
Most State and local governments have consolidated emergency
planning, preparedness and response functions on an ``all hazard'' basis
to take advantage of the similarities in preparing for and responding to
the full range of potential emergencies. The Federal Government can and
should follow this lead.
Each of the changes set forth in the plan is necessary to accomplish
one or more of the purposes set forth in section 901(a) of title 5 of
the United States Code. The plan does not call for abolishing any
functions now authorized by law. The provisions in the plan for the
appointment and pay of any head or officer of the new agency have been
found by me to be necessary.
I do not expect these actions to result in any significant changes
in program expenditures for those authorities to be transferred.
However, cost savings of between $10 to $15 million annually can be
achieved by consolidating headquarters and regional facilities and
staffs. The elimination (through attrition) of about 300 jobs is also
anticipated.
The emergency planning and response authorities involved in this
plan are vitally important to the security and well-being of our Nation.
I urge the Congress to approve it.
Jimmy Carter.
The White House, June 19, 1978
Ex. Ord. No. 12127. Transfer of Functions to Federal Emergency
Management Agency
Ex. Ord. No. 12127, Mar. 31, 1979, 44 F.R. 19367, provided:
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and
laws of the United States of America, including Section 304 of
Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1978 [set out as a note under this
section], and in order to provide for the orderly activation of the
Federal Emergency Management Agency, it is hereby ordered as follows:
1-101. Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1978 (43 FR 41943), which
establishes the Federal Emergency Management Agency, provides for the
transfer of functions, and the transfer and abolition of agencies and
offices, is hereby effective.
1-102. The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall, in
accord with Section 302 of the Reorganization Plan, provide for all the
appropriate transfers, including those transfers related to all the
functions transferred from the Department of Commerce, the Department of
Housing and Urban Development, and the President.
1-103. (a) The functions transferred from the Department of Commerce
are those vested in the Secretary of Commerce, the Administrator and
Deputy Administrator of the National Fire Prevention and Control
Administration (now the United States Fire Administration (Sec. 2(a) of
Public Law 95-422)), and the Superintendent of the National Academy for
Fire Prevention and Control pursuant to the Federal Fire Prevention and
Control Act of 1974, as amended (15 U.S.C. 2201 et seq.) [this chapter]
but not including any functions vested by the amendments made to other
acts by Sections 18 and 23 of that Act (15 U.S.C. 278f and 1511). The
functions vested in the Administrator by Sections 24 and 25 of that Act,
as added by Sections 3 and 4 of Public Law 95-422 (15 U.S.C. 2220 and
2221), are not transferred to the Director of the Federal Emergency
Management Agency. Those functions are transferred with the
Administrator and remain vested in him. (Section 201 of the Plan.)
(b) There was also transferred from the Department of Commerce any
function concerning the Emergency Broadcast System which was transferred
to the Secretary of Commerce by Section 5B of Reorganization Plan No. 1
of 1977 (42 FR 56101; implemented by Executive Order No. 12046 of March
27, 1978) [set out in Title 5, Appendix, Government Organization and
Employees; set out as a note under section 305 of Title 47, Telegraphs,
Telephones, and Radiotelegraphs]. (Section 203 of the Plan.)
1-104. The functions transferred from the Department of Housing and
Urban Development are those vested in the Secretary of Housing and Urban
Development pursuant to Section 15(e) of the Federal Flood Insurance Act
of 1956, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2414(e)), and the National Flood
Insurance Act of 1968, as amended [42 U.S.C. 4001 et seq.] and the Flood
Disaster Protection Act of 1973, as amended (42 U.S.C. 4001 et seq.),
and Section 520(b) of the National Housing Act, as amended (12 U.S.C.
1735d(b)), to the extent necessary to borrow from the Treasury to make
payments for reinsured and directly insured losses, and Title XII of the
National Housing Act, as amended (12 U.S.C. 1749bbb et seq., and as
explained in Section 1 of the National Insurance Development Act of 1975
(Section 1 of Public Law 94-13 at 12 U.S.C. 1749bbb note)). (Section 202
of the Plan.)
1-105. The functions transferred from the President are those
concerning the Emergency Broadcast System which were transferred to the
President by Section 5 of Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1977 (42 FR
56101; implemented by Executive Order No. 12046 of March 27, 1978) [set
out in Title 5, Appendix, Government Organization and Employees; set out
as a note under section 305 of Title 47, Telegraphs, Telephones, and
Radiotelegraphs]. (Section 203 of the Plan.)
1-106. This Order shall be effective Sunday, April 1, 1979.
Jimmy Carter.
