§ 1516. — Obstruction of Federal audit.
[Laws in effect as of January 24, 2002]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
January 24, 2002 and December 19, 2002]
[CITE: 18USC1516]
TITLE 18--CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I--CRIMES
CHAPTER 73--OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE
Sec. 1516. Obstruction of Federal audit
(a) Whoever, with intent to deceive or defraud the United States,
endeavors to influence, obstruct, or impede a Federal auditor in the
performance of official duties relating to a person, entity, or program
receiving in excess of $100,000, directly or indirectly, from the United
States in any 1 year period under a contract or subcontract, grant, or
cooperative agreement, or relating to any property that is security for
a mortgage note that is insured, guaranteed, acquired, or held by the
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development pursuant to any Act
administered by the Secretary, or relating to any property that is
security for a loan that is made or guaranteed under title V of the
Housing Act of 1949, shall be fined under this title, or imprisoned not
more than 5 years, or both.
(b) For purposes of this section--
(1) the term ``Federal auditor'' means any person employed on a
full- or part-time or contractual basis to perform an audit or a
quality assurance inspection for or on behalf of the United States;
and
(2) the term ``in any 1 year period'' has the meaning given to
the term ``in any one-year period'' in section 666.
(Added Pub. L. 100-690, title VII, Sec. 7078(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102
Stat. 4406; amended Pub. L. 103-322, title XXXII, Sec. 320609, Sept. 13,
1994, 108 Stat. 2120; Pub. L. 104-294, title VI, Sec. 604(b)(43), Oct.
11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3509; Pub. L. 105-65, title V, Sec. 564, Oct. 27,
1997, 111 Stat. 1420; Pub. L. 106-569, title VII, Sec. 709(b), Dec. 27,
2000, 114 Stat. 3018; Pub. L. 107-273, div. A, title II, Sec. 205(c),
Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1778.)
References in Text
The Housing Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (a), is act July 15,
1949, ch. 338, 63 Stat. 413, as amended. Title V of the Act is
classified generally to subchapter III (Sec. 1471 et seq.) of chapter 8A
of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification
of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1441
of Title 42 and Tables.
Amendments
2002--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107-273 inserted ``, entity, or program''
after ``person'' and ``grant, or cooperative agreement,'' after
``subcontract,''.
2000--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106-569 inserted ``or relating to any
property that is security for a loan that is made or guaranteed under
title V of the Housing Act of 1949,'' before ``shall be fined under this
title''.
1997--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105-65 inserted ``or relating to any
property that is security for a mortgage note that is insured,
guaranteed, acquired, or held by the Secretary of Housing and Urban
Development pursuant to any Act administered by the Secretary,'' after
``under a contract or subcontract,''.
1996--Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 104-294 inserted ``and'' after
semicolon at end.
1994--Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103-322 substituted ``section--'' for
``section'', inserted ``(1)'' before ``the term'', substituted semicolon
for the period at end, and added par. (2).
Effective Date of 1996 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 104-294 effective Sept. 13, 1994, see section
604(d) of Pub. L. 104-294, set out as a note under section 13 of this
title.
