§ 1952. — Interstate and foreign travel or transportation in aid of racketeering enterprises.
[Laws in effect as of January 24, 2002]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
January 24, 2002 and December 19, 2002]
[CITE: 18USC1952]
TITLE 18--CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PART I--CRIMES
CHAPTER 95--RACKETEERING
Sec. 1952. Interstate and foreign travel or transportation in
aid of racketeering enterprises
(a) Whoever travels in interstate or foreign commerce or uses the
mail or any facility in interstate or foreign commerce, with intent to--
(1) distribute the proceeds of any unlawful activity; or
(2) commit any crime of violence to further any unlawful
activity; or
(3) otherwise promote, manage, establish, carry on, or
facilitate the promotion, management, establishment, or carrying on,
of any unlawful activity,
and thereafter performs or attempts to perform--
(A) an act described in paragraph (1) or (3) shall be fined
under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both; or
(B) an act described in paragraph (2) shall be fined under this
title, imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both, and if death
results shall be imprisoned for any term of years or for life.
(b) As used in this section (i) ``unlawful activity'' means (1) any
business enterprise involving gambling, liquor on which the Federal
excise tax has not been paid, narcotics or controlled substances (as
defined in section 102(6) of the Controlled Substances Act), or
prostitution offenses in violation of the laws of the State in which
they are committed or of the United States, (2) extortion, bribery, or
arson in violation of the laws of the State in which committed or of the
United States, or (3) any act which is indictable under subchapter II of
chapter 53 of title 31, United States Code, or under section 1956 or
1957 of this title and (ii) the term ``State'' includes a State of the
United States, the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth,
territory, or possession of the United States.
(c) Investigations of violations under this section involving liquor
shall be conducted under the supervision of the Attorney General.
(Added Pub. L. 87-228, Sec. 1(a), Sept. 13, 1961, 75 Stat. 498; amended
Pub. L. 89-68, July 7, 1965, 79 Stat. 212; Pub. L. 91-513, title II,
Sec. 701(i)(2), Oct. 27, 1970, 84 Stat. 1282; Pub. L. 99-570, title I,
Sec. 1365(a), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207-35; Pub. L. 101-647, title
XII, Sec. 1205(i), title XVI, Sec. 1604, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4831,
4843; Pub. L. 103-322, title XIV, Sec. 140007(a), title XXXIII,
Sec. 330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2033, 2147; Pub. L. 107-
296, title XI, Sec. 1112(h), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2277.)
References in Text
Section 102(6) of the Controlled Substances Act, referred to in
subsec. (b)(i)(1), is classified to section 802(6) of Title 21, Food and
Drugs.
Amendments
2002--Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 107-296 substituted ``Attorney General''
for ``Secretary of the Treasury''.
1994--Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330016(1)(L), which directed the
amendment of this section by substituting ``under this title'' for ``not
more than $10,000'', could not be executed because the phrase ``not more
than $10,000'' did not appear in text subsequent to amendment of subsec.
(a) by Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 140007(a). See below.
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 140007(a), substituted ``and
thereafter performs or attempts to perform--'' and subpars. (A) and (B)
for former concluding provisions which read as follows: ``and thereafter
performs or attempts to perform any of the acts specified in
subparagraphs (1), (2), and (3), shall be fined not more than $10,000 or
imprisoned for not more than five years, or both.''
1990--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 1604, inserted ``the mail
or'' after ``uses'' and struck out ``including the mail,'' before ``with
intent'' in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 1205(i), inserted ``(i)'' after
``As used in this section'' and added cl. (ii).
1986--Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 99-570 added cl. (3).
1970--Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 91-513, Sec. 701(i)(2)(A), inserted
``or controlled substances (as defined in section 102(6) of the
Controlled Substances Act)''.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91-513, Sec. 701(i)(2)(B), struck out reference
to investigations involving narcotics.
1965--Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 89-68 made section applicable to
travel in aid of arson.
Effective Date of 2002 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 107-296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002,
see section 4 of Pub. L. 107-296, set out as an Effective Date note
under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.
Effective Date of 1970 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 91-513 effective on first day of seventh
calendar month that begins after Oct. 26, 1970, see section 704 of Pub.
L. 91-513, set out as an Effective Date note under section 801 of Title
21, Food and Drugs.
Savings Provision
Amendment by Pub. L. 91-513 not to affect or abate any prosecutions
for any violation of law or any civil seizures or forfeitures and
injunctive proceedings commenced prior to the effective date of such
amendment, and all administrative proceedings pending before the former
Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs on Oct. 27, 1970, were to be
continued and brought to final determination in accord with laws and
regulations in effect prior to Oct. 27, 1970, see section 702 of Pub. L.
91-513, set out as a Savings Provision note under section 321 of Title
21, Food and Drugs.
Section Referred to in Other Sections
This section is referred to in sections 1961, 2516 of this title;
title 26 section 6050I.
