§ 951. — Declaration of findings and purposes.
[Laws in effect as of January 24, 2002]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
January 24, 2002 and December 19, 2002]
[CITE: 20USC951]
TITLE 20--EDUCATION
CHAPTER 26--SUPPORT AND SCHOLARSHIP IN HUMANITIES AND ARTS; MUSEUM
SERVICES
SUBCHAPTER I--NATIONAL FOUNDATION ON THE ARTS AND THE HUMANITIES
Sec. 951. Declaration of findings and purposes
The Congress finds and declares the following:
(1) The arts and the humanities belong to all the people of the
United States.
(2) The encouragement and support of national progress and
scholarship in the humanities and the arts, while primarily a matter
for private and local initiative, are also appropriate matters of
concern to the Federal Government.
(3) An advanced civilization must not limit its efforts to
science and technology alone, but must give full value and support
to the other great branches of scholarly and cultural activity in
order to achieve a better understanding of the past, a better
analysis of the present, and a better view of the future.
(4) Democracy demands wisdom and vision in its citizens. It must
therefore foster and support a form of education, and access to the
arts and the humanities, designed to make people of all backgrounds
and wherever located masters of their technology and not its
unthinking servants.
(5) It is necessary and appropriate for the Federal Government
to complement, assist, and add to programs for the advancement of
the humanities and the arts by local, State, regional, and private
agencies and their organizations. In doing so, the Government must
be sensitive to the nature of public sponsorship. Public funding of
the arts and humanities is subject to the conditions that
traditionally govern the use of public money. Such funding should
contribute to public support and confidence in the use of taxpayer
funds. Public funds provided by the Federal Government must
ultimately serve public purposes the Congress defines.
(6) The arts and the humanities reflect the high place accorded
by the American people to the nation's rich cultural heritage and to
the fostering of mutual respect for the diverse beliefs and values
of all persons and groups.
(7) The practice of art and the study of the humanities require
constant dedication and devotion. While no government can call a
great artist or scholar into existence, it is necessary and
appropriate for the Federal Government to help create and sustain
not only a climate encouraging freedom of thought, imagination, and
inquiry but also the material conditions facilitating the release of
this creative talent.
(8) The world leadership which has come to the United States
cannot rest solely upon superior power, wealth, and technology, but
must be solidly founded upon worldwide respect and admiration for
the Nation's high qualities as a leader in the realm of ideas and of
the spirit.
(9) Americans should receive in school, background and
preparation in the arts and humanities to enable them to recognize
and appreciate the aesthetic dimensions of our lives, the diversity
of excellence that comprises our cultural heritage, and artistic and
scholarly expression.
(10) It is vital to a democracy to honor and preserve its
multicultural artistic heritage as well as support new ideas, and
therefore it is essential to provide financial assistance to its
artists and the organizations that support their work.
(11) To fulfill its educational mission, achieve an orderly
continuation of free society, and provide models of excellence to
the American people, the Federal Government must transmit the
achievement and values of civilization from the past via the present
to the future, and make widely available the greatest achievements
of art.
(12) In order to implement these findings and purposes, it is
desirable to establish a National Foundation on the Arts and the
Humanities.
(Pub. L. 89-209, Sec. 2, Sept. 29, 1965, 79 Stat. 845; Pub. L. 91-346,
Sec. 2, July 20, 1970, 84 Stat. 443; Pub. L. 93-133, Sec. 2(a)(1), Oct.
19, 1973, 87 Stat. 462; renumbered title I, Sec. 2, and amended Pub. L.
98-306, Secs. 2, 3, May 31, 1984, 98 Stat. 223; renumbered Sec. 2 and
amended Pub. L. 99-194, title I, Secs. 101(1), 102, Dec. 20, 1985, 99
Stat. 1332; Pub. L. 101-512, title III, Sec. 318 [title I, Sec. 101],
Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1960, 1961.)
Amendments
1990--Pub. L. 101-512 amended section generally, substituting
provisions relating to declaration of findings and purposes consisting
of pars. (1) to (12) for provisions relating to declaration of purpose
consisting of cls. (1) to (9).
1985--Cl. (2). Pub. L. 99-194, Sec. 102(1), struck out ``man's''
before ``scholarly and cultural activity''.
Cl. (3). Pub. L. 99-194, Sec. 102(2), inserted ``, and access to the
arts and the humanities,'' after ``form of education'' and substituted
``people of all backgrounds and wherever located'' for ``men''.
Cls. (8), (9). Pub. L. 99-194, Sec. 102(3)-(5), added cl. (8) and
redesignated former cl. (8) as (9).
1984--Cls. (6) to (8). Pub. L. 98-306, Sec. 3, added cl. (6) and
redesignated former cls. (6) and (7) as (7) and (8), respectively.
1973--Cl. (7). Pub. L. 93-133 struck out provisions relating to
strengthening the responsibilities of the Office of Education with
respect to education in the arts and the humanities.
1970--Cl. (2). Pub. L. 91-346 inserted ``in order to achieve a
better understanding of the past, a better analysis of the present, and
a better view of the future''.
Effective Date of 1990 Amendment
Section 318 [title IV, Sec. 403] of Pub. L. 101-512 provided that:
``(a) General Effective Date.--Except as provided in subsection (b),
this Act [probably means section, see Short Title of 1990 Amendment note
below] and the amendments made by this Act shall take effect on October
1, 1990.
``(b) Special Effective Date.--The amendments made by sections 110,
204, and 301 [amending sections 960, 967, and 974 of this title] shall
take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 1990] or
October 1, 1990, whichever is earlier.''
Effective Date of 1973 Amendment
Section 2(b) of Pub. L. 93-133 provided that: ``The amendments made
by subsection (a) [amending this section and sections 952 and 954 to 960
of this title and repealing sections 962 and 963 of this title] shall be
effective on and after July 1, 1973.''
Short Title of 1990 Amendment
Section 318 of Pub. L. 101-512 provided that: ``This section
[enacting sections 954a and 969 of this title, amending this section,
sections 952, 954, 955, 956, 958, 959, 960, 963, 964, 965, 967, and 974
of this title, and section 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and
Employees, and enacting notes under this section and section 954 of this
title] may be cited as the `Arts, Humanities, and Museums Amendments of
1990'.''
Short Title of 1985 Amendment
Section 1 of Pub. L. 99-194 provided that: ``This Act [enacting
section 177 of title 2, The Congress, amending this section and sections
952 to 955, 956, 957, 958 to 960, 963, 964, 967, 971, 972, and 974 of
this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 954 and
972 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under this
section] may be cited as the `Arts, Humanities, and Museums Amendments
of 1985'.''
Short Title of 1984 Amendment
Section 1 of Pub. L. 98-306 provided that: ``This Act [enacting
section 955b of this title and section 310 of Title 25, Indians,
amending this section and sections 952 to 955, 956, 957, 958 to 960,
962, 963, 964, and 967 of this title, amending provisions set out as a
note under this section and repealing provisions set out as notes under
sections 960 and 967 of this title] may be cited as the `National
Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act Amendments of 1983'.''
Short Title of 1980 Amendment
Pub. L. 96-496, Sec. 1, Dec. 4, 1980, 94 Stat. 2583, provided that:
``This Act [amending sections 952, 954, 955, 956, 957, 958 to 960, 962,
963, 964, 965, 967, 974, and 3473 of this title] may be cited as the
`Arts and Humanities Act of 1980'.''
Short Title of 1976 Amendment
Pub. L. 94-462, Sec. 1, Oct. 8, 1976, 90 Stat. 1971, provided:
``That this Act [enacting sections 961 to 968 of this title, amending
sections 954, 955, 956, 957, 958, 960, and 1867 of this title, and
enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 956, 960, and 961 of
this title] may be cited as the `Arts, Humanities, and Cultural Affairs
Act of 1976'.''
Short Title of 1973 Amendment
Section 1 of Pub. L. 93-133 provided: ``That this Act [amending this
section and sections 351a, 952, 954, 955, 956, 957, and 958 to 960 of
this title, repealing sections 962 and 963 of this title, and enacting
provisions set out as notes under this section and section 351a of this
title] may be cited as the `National Foundation on the Arts and the
Humanities Amendments of 1973'.''
Short Title of 1970 Amendment
Section 1 of Pub. L. 91-346 provided: ``That this Act [amending this
section and sections 952, 954, 955, 956, 957, and 958 to 960 of this
title, repealing sections 781 to 788 and 790 of this title, and enacting
provisions set out as notes under section 955 of this title and section
781 of this title] may be cited as `The National Foundation on the Arts
and the Humanities Amendments of 1970'.''
Short Title
Section 1 of Pub. L. 89-209, as renumbered title I, Sec. 1, and
amended by Pub. L. 98-306, Sec. 2, May 31, 1984, 98 Stat. 223;
renumbered Sec. 1 and amended by Pub. L. 99-194, title I, Sec. 101, Dec.
20, 1985, 99 Stat. 1332, provided that: ``This Act [enacting this
subchapter, amending sections 784 to 786 of this title, repealing
section 789 of this title, and enacting provisions formerly set out as a
note under section 785 of this title] may be cited as the `National
Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act of 1965'.''
Sense of Congress Regarding Purchase of American-Made Equipment and
Products
Section 318 [title IV, Secs. 401, 402] of Pub. L. 101-512 provided
that:
``SEC. 401. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
``It is the sense of the Congress that a recipient (including a
nation, individual, group, or organization) of any form of subsidy, aid,
or other Federal assistance under the Acts amended by this Act [probably
means this section, see Short Title of 1990 Amendment note above]
should, in expending that assistance, purchase American-made equipment
and products.
``SEC. 402. NOTICE.
``Any entity that provides a form of subsidy, aid, or other Federal
assistance under the Acts amended by this Act shall provide to each
recipient of such form of subsidy, aid, or other Federal assistance a
notice describing the sense of the Congress stated under section 401.''
1979 White House Conference on the Arts
Pub. L. 95-272, title I, Secs. 101-109, May 3, 1978, 92 Stat. 222-
224, called for a White House Conference on the Arts to be held no later
than Dec. 31, 1979, to help develop a climate in which the arts can
flourish and to formulate recommendations relating to the appropriate
growth of the arts in all parts of the Nation, established a National
Conference Planning Council on the Arts to provide guidance and planning
for the Conference, directed the Council to submit a report of the
Conference to the President and to the Congress no later than 180 days
following the date on which the Conference was called, and provided the
Council cease to exist 180 days, unless extended by the President, but
in no event to exceed one year, after submission of the report.
1979 White House Conference on the Humanities
Pub. L. 95-272, title II, Secs. 201-209, May 3, 1978, 92 Stat. 224-
226, called for a White House Conference on the Humanities to be held no
later than Dec. 31, 1979, to help develop a climate in which the
humanities can flourish and to formulate recommendations relating to the
appropriate growth of the humanities in all parts of the Nation,
established a National Planning Council on the Humanities to provide
guidance and planning for the Conference, directed the Council to submit
a report of the Conference to the President and to the Congress no later
than 180 days following the date on which the Conference was called, and
provided the Council cease to exist 180 days, unless extended by the
President, but in no event to exceed one year, after submission of the
report.
Executive Order No. 12275
Ex. Ord. No. 12275, Jan. 16, 1981, 46 F.R. 5857, which established
the Design Liaison Council and provided for its membership, functions,
etc., was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12379, Sec. 10, Aug. 17, 1982, 47 F.R.
36099, set out as a note under section 14 of the Federal Advisory
Committee Act in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and
Employees.
