§ 3302. — Credits against tax.
[Laws in effect as of January 24, 2002]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
January 24, 2002 and December 19, 2002]
[CITE: 26USC3302]
TITLE 26--INTERNAL REVENUE CODE
Subtitle C--Employment Taxes
CHAPTER 23--FEDERAL UNEMPLOYMENT TAX ACT
Sec. 3302. Credits against tax
(a) Contributions to State unemployment funds
(1) The taxpayer may, to the extent provided in this subsection and
subsection (c), credit against the tax imposed by section 3301 the
amount of contributions paid by him into an unemployment fund maintained
during the taxable year under the unemployment compensation law of a
State which is certified as provided in section 3304 for the 12-month
period ending on October 31 of such year.
(2) The credit shall be permitted against the tax for the taxable
year only for the amount of contributions paid with respect to such
taxable year.
(3) The credit against the tax for any taxable year shall be
permitted only for contributions paid on or before the last day upon
which the taxpayer is required under section 6071 to file a return for
such year; except that credit shall be permitted for contributions paid
after such last day, but such credit shall not exceed 90 percent of the
amount which would have been allowable as credit on account of such
contributions had they been paid on or before such last day.
(4) Upon the payment of contributions into the unemployment fund of
a State which are required under the unemployment compensation law of
that State with respect to remuneration on the basis of which, prior to
such payment into the proper fund, the taxpayer erroneously paid an
amount as contributions under another unemployment compensation law, the
payment into the proper fund shall, for purposes of credit against the
tax, be deemed to have been made at the time of the erroneous payment.
If, by reason of such other law, the taxpayer was entitled to cease
paying contributions with respect to services subject to such other law,
the payment into the proper fund shall, for purposes of credit against
the tax, be deemed to have been made on the date the return for the
taxable year was filed under section 6071.
(5) In the case of wages paid by the trustee of an estate under
title 11 of the United States Code, if the failure to pay contributions
on time was without fault by the trustee, paragraph (3) shall be applied
by substituting ``100 percent'' for ``90 percent''.
(b) Additional credit
In addition to the credit allowed under subsection (a), a taxpayer
may credit against the tax imposed by section 3301 for any taxable year
an amount, with respect to the unemployment compensation law of each
State certified as provided in section 3303 for the 12-month period
ending on October 31 of such year, or with respect to any provisions
thereof so certified, equal to the amount, if any, by which the
contributions required to be paid by him with respect to the taxable
year were less than the contributions such taxpayer would have been
required to pay if throughout the taxable year he had been subject under
such State law to the highest rate applied thereunder in such 12-month
period to any person having individuals in his employ, or to a rate of
5.4 percent, whichever rate is lower.
(c) Limit on total credits
(1) The total credits allowed to a taxpayer under this section shall
not exceed 90 percent of the tax against which such credits are
allowable.
(2) If an advance or advances have been made to the unemployment
account of a State under title XII of the Social Security Act, then the
total credits (after applying subsections (a) and (b) and paragraph (1)
of this subsection) otherwise allowable under this section for the
taxable year in the case of a taxpayer subject to the unemployment
compensation law of such State shall be reduced--
(A)(i) in the case of a taxable year beginning with the second
consecutive January 1 as of the beginning of which there is a
balance of such advances, by 5 percent of the tax imposed by section
3301 with respect to the wages paid by such taxpayer during such
taxable year which are attributable to such State; and
(ii) in the case of any succeeding taxable year beginning with a
consecutive January 1 as of the beginning of which there is a
balance of such advances, by an additional 5 percent, for each such
succeeding taxable year, of the tax imposed by section 3301 with
respect to the wages paid by such taxpayer during such taxable year
which are attributable to such State;
(B) in the case of a taxable year beginning with the third or
fourth consecutive January 1 as of the beginning of which there is a
balance of such advances, by the amount determined by multiplying
the wages paid by such taxpayer during such taxable year which are
attributable to such State by the percentage (if any), multiplied by
a fraction, the numerator of which is the State's average annual
wage in covered employment for the calendar year in which the
determination is made and the denominator of which is the wage base
under this chapter, by which--
(i) 2.7 percent multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of
which is the wage base under this chapter and the denominator of
which is the estimated United States average annual wage in
covered employment for the calendar year in which the
determination is to be made, exceeds
(ii) the average employer contribution rate for such State
for the calendar year preceding such taxable year; and
(C) in the case of a taxable year beginning with the fifth or
any succeeding consecutive January 1 as of the beginning of which
there is a balance of such advances, by the amount determined by
multiplying the wages paid by such taxpayer during such taxable year
which are attributable to such State by the percentage (if any) by
which--
(i) the 5-year benefit cost rate applicable to such State
for such taxable year or (if higher) 2.7 percent, exceeds
(ii) the average employer contribution rate for such State
for the calendar year preceding such taxable year.
The provisions of the preceding sentence shall not be applicable with
respect to the taxable year beginning January 1, 1975, or any succeeding
taxable year which begins before January 1, 1980; and, for purposes of
such sentence, January 1, 1980, shall be deemed to be the first January
1 occurring after January 1, 1974, and consecutive taxable years in the
period commencing January 1, 1980, shall be determined as if the taxable
year which begins on January 1, 1980, were the taxable year immediately
succeeding the taxable year which began on January 1, 1974. Subparagraph
(C) shall not apply with respect to any taxable year to which it would
otherwise apply (but subparagraph (B) shall apply to such taxable year)
if the Secretary of Labor determines (on or before November 10 of such
taxable year) that the State meets the requirements of subsection
(f)(2)(B) for such taxable year.
(3) If the Secretary of Labor determines that a State, or State
agency, has not--
(A) entered into the agreement described in section 239 of the
Trade Act of 1974, with the Secretary of Labor before July 15, 1975,
or
(B) fulfilled its commitments under an agreement with the
Secretary of Labor as described in section 239 of the Trade Act of
1974,
then, in the case of a taxpayer subject to the unemployment compensation
law of such State, the total credits (after applying subsections (a) and
(b) and paragraphs (1) and (2) of this section) otherwise allowable
under this section for a year during which such State or agency does not
enter into or fulfill such an agreement shall be reduced by 7\1/2\
percent of the tax imposed with respect to wages paid by such taxpayer
during such year which are attributable to such State.
(d) Definitions and special rules relating to subsection (c)
(1) Rate of tax deemed to be 6 percent
In applying subsection (c), the tax imposed by section 3301
shall be computed at the rate of 6 percent in lieu of the rate
provided by such section.
(2) Wages attributable to a particular State
For purposes of subsection (c), wages shall be attributable to a
particular State if they are subject to the unemployment
compensation law of the State, or (if not subject to the
unemployment compensation law of any State) if they are determined
(under rules or regulations prescribed by the Secretary) to be
attributable to such State.
(3) Additional taxes inapplicable where advances are repaid
before November 10 of taxable year
Paragraph (2) of subsection (c) shall not apply with respect to
any State for the taxable year if (as of the beginning of November
10 of such year) there is no balance of advances referred to in such
paragraph.
(4) Average employer contribution rate
For purposes of subparagraphs (B) and (C) of subsection (c)(2),
the average employer contribution rate for any State for any
calendar year is that percentage obtained by dividing--
(A) the total of the contributions paid into the State
unemployment fund with respect to such calendar year, by
(B)(i) for purposes of subparagraph (B) of subsection
(c)(2), the total of the wages (as determined without any
limitation on amount) attributable to such State subject to
contributions under this chapter with respect to such calendar
year, and
(ii) for purposes of subparagraph (C) of subsection (c)(2),
the total of the remuneration subject to contributions under the
State unemployment compensation law with respect to such
calendar year.
For purposes of subparagraph (C) of subsection (c)(2), if the
average employer contribution rate for any State for any calendar
year (determined without regard to this sentence) equals or exceeds
2.7 percent, such rate shall be determined by increasing the amount
taken into account under subparagraph (A) of the preceding sentence
by the aggregate amount of employee payments (if any) into the
unemployment fund of such State with respect to such calendar year
which are to be used solely in the payment of unemployment
compensation.
(5) 5-year benefit cost rate
For purposes of subparagraph (C) of subsection (c)(2), the 5-
year benefit cost rate applicable to any State for any taxable year
is that percentage obtained by dividing--
(A) one-fifth of the total of the compensation paid under
the State unemployment compensation law during the 5-year period
ending at the close of the second calendar year preceding such
taxable year, by
(B) the total of the remuneration subject to contributions
under the State unemployment compensation law with respect to
the first calendar year preceding such taxable year.
(6) Rounding
If any percentage referred to in either subparagraph (B) or (C)
of subsection (c)(2) is not a multiple of .1 percent, it shall be
rounded to the nearest multiple of .1 percent.
(7) Determination and certification of percentages
The percentage referred to in subsection (c)(2)(B) or (C) for
any taxable year for any State having a balance referred to therein
shall be determined by the Secretary of Labor, and shall be
certified by him to the Secretary of the Treasury before June 1 of
such year, on the basis of a report furnished by such State to the
Secretary of Labor before May 1 of such year. Any such State report
shall be made as of the close of March 31 of the taxable year, and
shall be made on such forms, and shall contain such information, as
the Secretary of Labor deems necessary to the performance of his
duties under this section.
(e) Successor employer
Subject to the limits provided by subsection (c), if--
(1) an employer acquires during any calendar year substantially
all the property used in the trade or business of another person, or
used in a separate unit of a trade or business of such other person,
and immediately after the acquisition employs in his trade or
business one or more individuals who immediately prior to the
acquisition were employed in the trade or business of such other
person, and
(2) such other person is not an employer for the calendar year
in which the acquisition takes place,
then, for the calendar year in which the acquisition takes place, in
addition to the credits allowed under subsections (a) and (b), such
employer may credit against the tax imposed by section 3301 for such
year an amount equal to the credits which (without regard to subsection
(c)) would have been allowable to such other person under subsections
(a) and (b) and this subsection for such year, if such other person had
been an employer, with respect to remuneration subject to contributions
under the unemployment compensation law of a State paid by such other
person to the individual or individuals described in paragraph (1).
(f) Limitation on credit reduction
(1) Limitation
In the case of any State which meets the requirements of
paragraph (2) with respect to any taxable year the reduction under
subsection (c)(2) in credits otherwise applicable to taxpayers
subject to the unemployment compensation law of such State shall not
exceed the greater of--
(A) the reduction which was in effect with respect to such
State under subsection (c)(2) for the preceding taxable year, or
(B) 0.6 percent of the wages paid by the taxpayer during
such taxable year which are attributable to such State.
(2) Requirements
The requirements of this paragraph are met by any State with
respect to any taxable year if the Secretary of Labor determines (on
or before November 10 of such taxable year) that--
(A) no State action was taken during the 12-month period
ending on September 30 of such taxable year (excluding any
action required under State law as in effect prior to the date
of the enactment of this subsection) which has resulted or will
result in a reduction in such State's unemployment tax effort
(as defined by the Secretary of Labor in regulations),
(B) no State action was taken during the 12-month period
ending on September 30 of such taxable year (excluding any
action required under State law as in effect prior to the date
of the enactment of this subsection) which has resulted or will
result in a net decrease in the solvency of the State
unemployment compensation system (as defined by the Secretary of
Labor in regulations),
(C) the State unemployment tax rate for the taxable year
equals or exceeds the average benefit cost ratio for calendar
years in the 5-calendar year period ending with the last
calendar year before the taxable year, and
(D) the outstanding balance for such State of advances under
title XII of the Social Security Act on September 30 of such
taxable year was not greater than the outstanding balance for
such State of such advances on September 30 of the third
preceding taxable year (or, for purposes of applying this
subparagraph to taxable year 1983, September 30, 1981).
The requirements of subparagraphs (C) and (D) shall not apply to
taxable years 1981 and 1982.
(3) Credit reductions for subsequent years
If the credit reduction under subsection (c)(2) is limited by
reason of paragraph (1) of this subsection for any taxable year, for
purposes of applying subsection (c)(2) to subsequent taxable years
(including years after 1987), the taxable year for which the credit
reduction was so limited (and January 1 thereof) shall not be taken
into account.
(4) State unemployment tax rate
For purposes of this subsection--
(A) In general
The State unemployment tax rate for any taxable year is the
percentage obtained by dividing--
(i) the total amount of contributions paid into the
State unemployment fund with respect to such taxable year,
by
(ii) the total amount of the remuneration subject to
contributions under the State unemployment compensation law
with respect to such taxable year (determined without regard
to any limitation on the amount of wages subject to
contribution under the State law).
(B) Treatment of additional tax under this chapter
(i) Taxable year 1983
In the case of taxable year 1983, any additional tax
imposed under this chapter with respect to any State by
reason of subsection (c)(2) shall be treated as
contributions paid into the State unemployment fund with
respect to such taxable year.
(ii) Taxable year 1984
In the case of taxable year 1984, any additional tax
imposed under this chapter with respect to any State by
reason of subsection (c)(2) shall (to the extent such
additional tax is attributable to a credit reduction in
excess of 0.6 of wages attributable to such State) be
treated as contributions paid into the State unemployment
fund with respect to such taxable year.
(5) Benefit cost ratio
For purposes of this subsection--
(A) In general
The benefit cost ratio for any calendar year is the
percentage determined by dividing--
(i) the sum of the total of the compensation paid under
the State unemployment compensation law during such calendar
year and any interest paid during such calendar year on
advances made to the State under title XII of the Social
Security Act, by
(ii) the total amount of the remuneration subject to
contributions under the State unemployment compensation law
with respect to such calendar year (determined without
regard to any limitation on the amount of remuneration
subject to contribution under the State law).
(B) Reimbursable benefits not taken into account
For purposes of subparagraph (A), compensation shall not be
taken into account to the extent--
(i) the State is entitled to reimbursement for such
compensation under the provisions of any Federal law, or
(ii) such compensation is attributable to services
performed for a reimbursing employer.
(C) Reimbursing employer
The term ``reimbursing employer'' means any governmental
entity or other organization (or group of governmental entities
or any other organizations) which makes reimbursements in lieu
of contributions to the State unemployment fund.
(D) Special rules for years before 1985
(i) Taxable year 1983
For purposes of determining whether a State meets the
requirements of paragraph (2)(C) for taxable year 1983, only
regular compensation (as defined in section 205 of the
Federal-State Extended Unemployment Compensation Act of
1970) shall be taken into account for purposes of
determining the benefit ratio for any preceding calendar
year before 1982.
(ii) Taxable year 1984
For purposes of determining whether a State meets the
requirements of paragraph (2)(C) for taxable year 1984, only
regular compensation (as so defined) shall be taken into
account for purposes of determining the benefit ratio for
any preceding calendar year before 1981.
(E) Rounding
If any percentage determined under subparagraph (A) is not a
multiple of .1 percent, such percentage shall be reduced to the
nearest multiple of .1 percent.
(6) Reports
The Secretary of Labor may, by regulations, require a State to
furnish such information at such time and in such manner as may be
necessary for purposes of this subsection.
(7) Definitions and special rules
The definitions and special rules set forth in subsection (d)
shall apply to this subsection in the same manner as they apply to
subsection (c).
(8) Partial limitation
(A) In the case of a State which would meet the requirements of
this subsection for a taxable year prior to 1986 but for its failure
to meet one of the requirements contained in subparagraph (C) or (D)
of paragraph (2), the reduction under subsection (c)(2) in credits
otherwise applicable to taxpayers in such State for such taxable
year and each subsequent year (in a period of consecutive years for
each of which a credit reduction is in effect for taxpayers in such
State) shall be reduced by 0.1 percentage point.
(B) In the case of a State which does not meet the requirements
of paragraph (2) but meets the requirements of subparagraphs (A) and
(B) of paragraph (2) and which also meets the requirements of
section 1202(b)(8)(B) of the Social Security Act with respect to
such taxable year, the reduction under subsection (c)(2) in credits
otherwise applicable to taxpayers in such State for such taxable
year and each subsequent year (in a period of consecutive years for
each of which a credit reduction is in effect for taxpayers in such
State) shall be further reduced by an additional 0.1 percentage
point.
(C) In no case shall the application of subparagraphs (A) and
(B) reduce the credit reduction otherwise applicable under
subsection (c)(2) below the limitation under paragraph (1).
(g) Credit reduction not to apply when State makes certain repayments
(1) In general
In the case of any State which meets requirements of paragraph
(2) with respect to any taxable year, subsection (c)(2) shall not
apply to such taxable year; except that such taxable year (and
January 1 of such taxable year) shall (except as provided in
subsection (f)(3)) be taken into account for purposes of applying
subsection (c)(2) to succeeding taxable years.
(2) Requirements
The requirements of this paragraph are met by any State with
respect to any taxable year if the Secretary of Labor determines
that--
(A) the repayments during the 1-year period ending on
November 9 of such taxable year made by such State of advances
under title XII of the Social Security Act are not less than the
sum of--
(i) the potential additional taxes for such taxable
year, and
(ii) any advances made to such State during such 1-year
period under such title XII,
(B) there will be sufficient amounts in the State
unemployment fund to pay all compensation during the 3-month
period beginning on November 1 of such taxable year without
receiving any advance under title XII of the Social Security
Act, and
(C) there is a net increase in the solvency of the State
unemployment compensation system for the taxable year
attributable to changes made in the State law after the date on
which the first advance taken into account in determining the
amount of the potential additional taxes was made (or, if later,
after the date of the enactment of this subsection) and such net
increase equals or exceeds the potential additional taxes for
such taxable year.
(3) Definitions
For purposes of paragraph (2)--
(A) Potential additional taxes
The term ``potential additional taxes'' means, with respect
to any State for any taxable year, the aggregate amount of the
additional tax which would be payable under this chapter for
such taxable year by all taxpayers subject to the unemployment
compensation law of such State for such taxable year if
paragraph (2) of subsection (c) had applied to such taxable year
and any preceding taxable year without regard to this subsection
but with regard to subsection (f).
(B) Treatment of certain reductions
Any reduction in the State's balance under section 901(d)(1)
of the Social Security Act shall not be treated as a repayment
made by such State.
(4) Reports
The Secretary of Labor may require a State to furnish such
information at such time and in such manner as may be necessary for
purposes of paragraph (2).
(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 439; Pub. L. 86-778, title V,
Sec. 523(b), Sept. 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 980; Pub. L. 87-6, Sec. 14(b),
Mar. 24, 1961, 75 Stat. 16; Pub. L. 87-321, Sec. 1(a), Sept. 26, 1961,
75 Stat. 683; Pub. L. 88-31, Sec. 2(b), May 29, 1963, 77 Stat. 51; Pub.
L. 88-173, Sec. 1(a)-(c), Nov. 7, 1963, 77 Stat. 305; Pub. L. 91-373,
title I, Sec. 142(a), (b), Aug. 10, 1970, 84 Stat. 707; Pub. L. 93-618,
title II, Sec. 239(e), Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2025; Pub. L. 94-45, title
I, Sec. 110(a), title III, Sec. 302, June 30, 1975, 89 Stat. 239, 243;
Pub. L. 94-455, title XIX, Secs. 1903(a)(12), 1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4,
1976, 90 Stat. 1808, 1834; Pub. L. 95-19, title II, Sec. 201(a), Apr.
12, 1977, 91 Stat. 43; Pub. L. 96-589, Sec. 6(f), Dec. 24, 1980, 94
Stat. 3409; Pub. L. 97-35, title XXIV, Sec. 2406(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95
Stat. 876; Pub. L. 97-248, title II, Secs. 271(c)(2), (3)(A), (B),
272(a), 273(a), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 555-557; Pub. L. 98-21, title V,
Secs. 512(a)(1), (b), 513(a)-(c), Apr. 20, 1983, 97 Stat. 146, 147; Pub.
L. 99-514, title XVIII, Sec. 1884(1), (2), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat.
2919.)
References in Text
The Social Security Act, referred to in subsecs. (c)(2), (f)(2)(D),
(5)(A)(i), (8)(B), and (g)(2)(A), (B), (3)(B), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch.
531, 49 Stat. 620, as amended. Title XII of the Social Security Act is
classified generally to subchapter XII (Sec. 1321 et seq.) of chapter 7
of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Sections 901(d)(1) and
1202(b)(8)(B) of the Social Security Act are classified to sections
1101(d)(1) and 1322(b)(8)(B), respectively, of Title 42. For complete
classification of this act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and
Tables.
Section 239 of the Trade Act of 1974, referred to in subsec.
(c)(3)(A), (B), is classified to subsec. (c)(3) of this section and to
section 2311 of Title 19, Customs Duties.
The date of the enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec.
(f)(2)(A), (B), means the date of the enactment of Pub. L. 97-35 which
was approved Aug. 13, 1981.
Section 205 of the Federal-State Extended Unemployment Compensation
Act of 1970, referred to in subsec. (f)(5)(D)(i), is section 205 of Pub.
L. 91-373, title II, Aug. 10, 1970, 84 Stat. 708, which is set out as a
note under section 3304 of this title.
The date of the enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec.
(g)(2)(C), means the date of the enactment of Pub. L. 97-248, which was
approved Sept. 3, 1982.
Amendments
1986--Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 1884(1), substituted
``denominator'' for second reference to ``determination'', and in cl.
(i) inserted ``percent'' after ``2.7'' and struck out ``percent'' after
``is to be made''.
Subsec. (f)(8)(A). Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 1884(2), substituted
``1986'' for ``1987''.
1983--Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 98-21, Sec. 513(c), inserted ``,
multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the State's average
annual wage in covered employment for the calendar year in which the
determination is made and the determination of which is the wage base
under this chapter,'' in provisions preceding cl. (i).
Subsec. (c)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 98-21, Sec. 513(b), inserted
``multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the wage base
under this chapter and the denominator of which is the estimated United
States average annual wage in covered employment for the calendar year
in which the determination is to be made'' after ``2.7''.
Subsec. (d)(4)(B). Pub. L. 98-21, Sec. 513(a), amended subpar. (B)
generally, adding cl. (i), designating existing provisions as cl. (ii),
and inserting reference to purposes of subsec. (c)(2)(C).
Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 98-21, Sec. 512(b), struck out ``beginning
before January 1, 1988,'' after ``any taxable year''.
Subsec. (f)(8). Pub. L. 98-21, Sec. 512(a)(1), added par. (8).
1982--Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97-248, Sec. 271(c)(2)(A), substituted
``5.4 percent'' for ``2.7 percent''.
Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 97-248, Sec. 273(a), inserted provision at
end that subpar. (C) shall not apply with respect to any taxable year to
which it would otherwise apply (but that subpar. (B) would apply to such
taxable year) if the Secretary of Labor determines (on or before Nov. 10
of such taxable year) that the State meets the requirements of subsec.
(f)(2)(B) of this section for such taxable year.
Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 97-248, Sec. 271(c)(3)(A), substituted
``5 percent'' for ``10 percent'' in two places.
Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 97-248, Sec. 271(c)(3)(B), substituted
``7\1/2\ percent'' for ``15 percent'' in provisions following subpar.
(B).
Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 97-248, Sec. 271(c)(2)(B), substituted ``6
percent'' for ``3 percent'' in par. heading and text.
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 97-248, Sec. 272(a), added subsec. (g).
1981--Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97-35 added subsec. (f).
1980--Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 96-589 added par. (5).
1977--Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 95-19 substituted ``January 1, 1980''
for ``January 1, 1978'' wherever appearing.
1976--Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 94-455, Sec. 1903(a)(12)(A), struck
out ``(10-month period in the case of October 31, 1972)'' after ``ending
on October 31 of such year''.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94-455, Sec. 1903(a)(12)(B), struck out ``(10-
month period in the case of October 31, 1972)'' after ``ending on
October 31, of such year'' and substituted ``12-month period'' for ``12
or 10-month period, as the case may be,''.
Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 94-455, Sec. 1903(a)(12)(C)(i), (ii),
redesignated par. (3) as (2), struck out ``on or after the date of the
enactment of the Employment Security Act of 1960'' after ``title XII of
the Social Security Act'', and substituted ``paragraph (1)'' for
``paragraphs (1) and (2). Former par. (2), which related to the
computation of the reduction of the total credits allowable to a
taxpayer with respect to advances made to the unemployment account, was
struck out.
Subsec. (c)(3), (4). Pub. L. 94-455, Sec. 1903(a)(12)(C)(i), (iii),
redesignated par. (4) as (3) and substituted ``paragraphs (1) and (2)''
for ``paragraphs (1), (2), and (3)''. Former par. (3) redesignated (2).
Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 94-455, Sec. 1906(b)(13)(A), struck out ``or
his delegate'' after ``Secretary''.
Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 94-455, Sec. 1903(a)(12)(C)(iv), struck out
``or (3)'' after ``Paragraph (2)''.
Subsec. (d)(4) to (6). Pub. L. 94-455, Sec. 1903(a)(12(C)(v),
substituted ``subsection (c)(2)'' for ``subsection (c)(3)''.
Subsec. (d)(7). Pub. L. 94-455, Sec. 1903(a)(12)(C)(vi), substituted
``subsection (c)(2)(B) or (C)'' for ``subsection (c)(3)(B) or (C)''.
Subsec. (d)(8). Pub. L. 94-455, Sec. 1903(a)(12)(D), struck out par.
(8) which provided for a cross reference to section 104 of the Temporary
Unemployment Compensation Act of 1958 relating to the reduction of total
credits allowable under subsec. (c) of this section.
1975--Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 94-45, Sec. 110(a), provided that par.
(3) shall not be applicable with respect to the taxable year beginning
Jan. 1, 1975, or any succeeding taxable year which begins before Jan. 1,
1978, and that, for the purposes of par. (3), Jan. 1, 1978, shall be
deemed to be the first Jan. 1 occurring after Jan. 1, 1974, and
consecutive taxable years in the period commencing Jan. 1, 1978, shall
be determined as if the taxable year which begins Jan. 1, 1978, were the
taxable year immediately succeeding the taxable year which began on Jan.
1, 1974.
Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 94-45, Sec. 302, substituted ``July 15,
1975'' for ``July 1, 1975''.
Pub. L. 93-618 added par. (4).
1970--Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 91-373, Sec. 142(a), substituted
``certified as provided in section 3304 for the 12-month period ending
on October 31 of such year (10-month period in the case of October 31,
1972)'' for ``certified for the taxable year as provided in section
3304''.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91-373, Sec. 142(b), changed the certification
date from December 31 to October 31, with a provision for a 10-month
period in the case of October 31, 1972, and provided for certification
based on a 12-month period ending each October 31.
1963--Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 88-173, in cl. (2), substituted ``on
January 1, 1963 (and in the case of any succeeding taxable year
beginning before January 1, 1968),'' for ``with the fourth consecutive
January 1'', in subpar. (A), and ``on or after January 1, 1968,'' for
``with a consecutive January 1'', in subpar. (B), and inserted paragraph
following subpar. (B).
Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 88-31 substituted ``the rate provided by
such section'' for ``3.1 percent (or, in the case of the tax imposed
with respect to the calendar years 1962 and 1963, in lieu of 3.5
percent)''.
1961--Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 87-6 provided for computation of the
tax at the rate of 3 percent in lieu of 3.5 percent for calendar years
1962 and 1968.
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 87-321 added subsec. (e).
1960--Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 86-778 restricted cl. (2) to advances
made before the date of the enactment of the Employment Security Act of
1960, added cl. (3), and struck out provisions which related to the
attributing of wages to a particular State, which provisions are now
covered by subsec. (d)(2).
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 86-778 added subsec. (d).
Effective Date of 1983 Amendment
Section 512(a)(2) of Pub. L. 98-21 provided that: ``The amendment
made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply with respect
to taxable year 1983 and taxable years thereafter.''
Section 513(d) of Pub. L. 98-21 provided that: ``The amendments made
by this section [amending this section] shall be effective for taxable
year 1983 and taxable years thereafter.''
Effective Date of 1982 Amendment
Amendment by section 271(c)(2), (3)(A), (B) of Pub. L. 97-248
applicable to remuneration paid after Dec. 31, 1984, see section
271(d)(2) of Pub. L. 97-248, as amended, set out as a note under section
3301 of this title.
Section 272(b) of Pub. L. 97-248 provided that: ``The amendment made
by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years
beginning after December 31, 1982.''
Section 273(b) of Pub. L. 97-248 provided that: ``The amendment made
by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years
beginning after December 31, 1982.''
Effective Date of 1981 Amendment
Section 2406(b) of Pub. L. 97-35 provided that: ``The amendment made
by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years
beginning after December 31, 1980.''
Effective Date of 1980 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 96-589 effective Oct. 1, 1979, but not to apply
to proceedings under Title 11, Bankruptcy, commenced before Oct. 1,
1979, see section 7(e) of Pub. L. 96-589, set out as a note under
section 108 of this title.
Effective Date of 1970 Amendment
Section 142(i) of Pub. L. 91-373 provided that: ``The amendments
made by this section [amending this section and sections 3303 and 3304
of this title] shall apply with respect to the taxable year 1972 and
taxable years thereafter.''
Effective Date of 1963 Amendment
Section 1(d) of Pub. L. 88-173 provided that: ``The amendments made
by subsections (a), (b), and (c) of this section [amending this section]
shall apply only with respect to taxable years beginning on or after
January 1, 1963.''
Effective Date of 1961 Amendment
Section 1(b) of Pub. L. 87-321 provided that: ``The amendment made
by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to
the calendar year 1961 and each calendar year thereafter.''
Extension of Period for Repayment of Federal Loans to State Unemployment
Funds
Pub. L. 102-318, title III, Sec. 304, July 3, 1992, 106 Stat. 298,
provided that:
``(a) General Rule.--If the Secretary of Labor determines that a
State meets the requirements of subsection (b), paragraph (2) of section
3302(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall be applied with
respect to such State for taxable years after 1991--
``(1) by substituting `third' for `second' in subparagraph
(A)(i),
``(2) by substituting `fourth or fifth' for `third or fourth' in
subparagraph (B), and
``(3) by substituting `sixth' for `fifth' in subparagraph (C).
``(b) Requirements.--A State meets the requirements of this
subsection if, during calendar year 1992 or 1993, the State amended its
unemployment compensation law to increase estimated contributions
required under such law by at least 25 percent.
``(c) Special Rule.--This section shall not apply to any taxable
year after 1994 unless--
``(1) such taxable year is in a series of consecutive taxable
years as of the beginning of each of which there was a balance
referred to in section 3302(c)(2) of such Code, and
``(2) such series includes a taxable year beginning in 1992,
1993, or 1994.''
Plan Amendments Not Required Until January 1, 1989
For provisions directing that if any amendments made by subtitle A
or subtitle C of title XI [Secs. 1101-1147 and 1171-1177] or title XVIII
[Secs. 1800-1899A] of Pub. L. 99-514 require an amendment to any plan,
such plan amendment shall not be required to be made before the first
plan year beginning on or after Jan. 1, 1989, see section 1140 of Pub.
L. 99-514, as amended, set out as a note under section 401 of this
title.
Transitional Rule for Certain Employees and Small Businesses
Section 271(d)(3), (4), formerly 271(b)(3), of Pub. L. 97-248, as
redesignated and amended by Pub. L. 98-601, Sec. 1(a), Oct. 30, 1984, 98
Stat. 3147; Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095,
provided that:
``(3) Transitional rule for certain employees.--
``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding section 3303 of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954], in the case of taxable
years beginning after December 31, 1984, and before January 1, 1989,
a taxpayer shall be allowed the additional credit under section
3302(b) of such Code with respect to any employee covered by a
qualified specific industry provision if the requirements of
subparagraph (B) are met with respect to such employee.
``(B) Requirements.--The requirements of this subparagraph are
met for any taxable year with respect to any employee covered by a
specific industry provision if the amount of contributions required
to be paid for the taxable year to the unemployment fund of the
State with respect to such employee are not less than the product of
the required rate multiplied by the wages paid by the employer
during the taxable year.
``(C) Required rate.--For purposes of subparagraph (B), the
required rate for any taxable year is the sum of--
``(i) the rate at which contributions were required to be
made under the specific industry provision as in effect on
August 10, 1982, and
``(ii) the applicable percentage of the excess of 5.4
percent over the rate described in clause (i).
``(D) Applicable percentage.--For purposes of subparagraph (C),
the term `applicable percentage' means--
``(i) 20 percent in the case of taxable year 1985,
``(ii) 40 percent in the case of taxable year 1986,
``(iii) 60 percent in the case of taxable year 1987, and
``(iv) 80 percent in the case of taxable year 1988.
``(E) Qualified specific industry provision.--For purposes of
this paragraph, the term, `qualified specific industry provision'
means a provision contained in a State unemployment compensation law
(as in effect on August 10, 1982)--
``(i) which applies to employees in a specific industry or
to an otherwise defined type of employees, and
``(ii) under which employers may elect to make contributions
at a specified rate (without experience rating) which exceeds
2.7 percent.
``(4) Transitional rule for certain small businesses.--
``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding section 3303 of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, in the case of taxable years beginning after
December 31, 1984, and before January 1, 1989, a taxpayer shall be
allowed the additional credit under section 3302(b) of such Code
with respect to any employee covered by a qualified small business
provision if the requirements of subparagraph (B) are met with
respect to such employee.
``(B) Requirements.--The requirements of this subparagraph are
met for any taxable year with respect to any employee covered by a
qualified small business provision if the amount of contributions
required to be paid for the taxable year to the unemployment fund of
the State with respect to such employee are not less than the
product of the required rate multiplied by the wages paid by the
employer during the taxable year.
``(C) Required rate.--For purposes of subparagraph (B), the
required rate for any taxable year is the sum of--
``(i) 3.1 percent, plus
``(ii) the applicable percentage (as defined in paragraph
(3)(D)) of the excess of 5.4 percent over the rate described in
clause (i).
``(D) Qualified small business provision.--For purposes of this
paragraph, the term `qualified small business provision' means a
provision contained in a State unemployment compensation law (as in
effect on the date of the enactment of this paragraph [Oct. 30,
1984]) which provides a maximum rate at which an employer is subject
to contribution for wages paid during a calendar quarter if the
total wages paid by such employer during such calendar quarter are
less than $50,000.
``(E) Definition.--For purposes of this paragraph, the term
`wages' means the remuneration subject to contributions under the
State unemployment compensation law, except that for purposes of
subparagraph (D) the amount of total wages paid by an employer shall
be determined without regard to any limitation on the amount subject
to contribution.''
[Section 1(b) of Pub. L. 98-601 provided that: ``The amendment made
by subsection (a) [amending section 271(d) of Pub. L. 97-248, set out
above] shall apply to remuneration paid after December 31, 1984.'']
Findings of Secretary of Labor Concerning Steps Taken by States as
Prerequisite to Suspension Until January 1, 1980, of Automatic Increases
in Federal Unemployment Tax
Section 201(b) of Pub. L. 95-19 provided that extension under
section 201(a) of Pub. L. 95-19 (amending this section) from Jan. 1,
1978, to Jan. 1, 1980, not to apply to any State unless the Secretary of
Labor finds that such State meets the requirement of section 110(b) of
Emergency Compensation and Special Unemployment Assistance Extension Act
of 1975.
Fiscal Soundness of State Unemployment Account in Unemployment Trust
Fund; Unpaid Loans to States; Findings of Secretary of Labor Concerning
Steps Taken by States as Prerequisite to 1975-1977 Suspension of
Automatic Increases in Federal Unemployment Tax
Section 110(b) of Pub. L. 94-45 provided that:
``(1) The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section]
shall not be applicable in the case of any State unless the Secretary of
Labor finds that such State has studied and taken appropriate action
with respect to the financing of its unemployment programs so as
substantially to accomplish the purpose of restoring the fiscal
soundness of the State's unemployment account in the Unemployment Trust
Fund and permitting the repayment within a reasonable time of any
advances made to such account under title XII of the Social Security Act
[section 1321 et seq. of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare]. For
purposes of the preceding sentence, appropriate action with respect to
the financing of a State's unemployment programs means an increase in
the State's unemployment tax rate, an increase in the State's
unemployment tax base, a change in the experience rating formulas, or a
combination thereof.
``(2) The Secretary of Labor shall promptly prescribe and publish in
the Federal Register regulations setting forth the criteria according to
which he will determine the requirements of the preceding paragraph.
``(3) Immediately after he makes a determination with respect to any
State under paragraph (1), the Secretary of Labor shall publish such
determination, together with his reasons therefor, in the Federal
Register.''
Section Referred to in Other Sections
This section is referred to in sections 3303, 3304, 3305, 3306 of
this title; title 42 sections 1101, 1322.
