§ 1737. — Farmertofarmer program.
[Laws in effect as of January 24, 2002]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
January 24, 2002 and December 19, 2002]
[CITE: 7USC1737]
TITLE 7--AGRICULTURE
CHAPTER 41--AGRICULTURAL TRADE DEVELOPMENT AND ASSISTANCE
SUBCHAPTER V--FARMER-TO-FARMER PROGRAM
Sec. 1737. John Ogonowski Farmer-to-Farmer Program
(a) Definitions
In this section:
(1) Caribbean Basin country
The term ``Caribbean Basin country'' means a country eligible
for designation as a beneficiary country under section 2702 of title
19.
(2) Emerging market
The term ``emerging market'' means a country that the Secretary
determines--
(A) is taking steps toward a market-oriented economy through
the food, agriculture, or rural business sectors of the economy
of the country; and
(B) has the potential to provide a viable and significant
market for United States agricultural commodities or products of
United States agricultural commodities.
(3) Middle income country
The term ``middle income country'' means a country that has
developed economically to the point at which the country does not
receive bilateral development assistance from the United States.
(4) Sub-Saharan African country
The term ``sub-Saharan African country'' has the meaning given
the term in section 3706 of title 19.
(b) Provision
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, to further assist
developing countries, middle-income countries, emerging markets, sub-
Saharan African countries, and Caribbean Basin countries to increase
farm production and farmer incomes, the President may--
(1) establish and administer a program, to be known as the
``John Ogonowski Farmer-to-Farmer Program'', of farmer-to-farmer
assistance between the United States and such countries to assist
in--
(A) increasing food production and distribution; and
(B) improving the effectiveness of the farming and marketing
operations of agricultural producers in those countries;
(2) use United States agricultural producers, agriculturalists,
colleges and universities (including historically black colleges and
universities, land grant colleges or universities, and foundations
maintained by colleges or universities), private agribusinesses,
private organizations (including grassroots organizations with an
established and demonstrated capacity to carry out such a bilateral
exchange program), private corporations, and nonprofit farm
organizations to work in conjunction with agricultural producers and
farm organizations in those countries, on a voluntary basis--
(A) to improve agricultural and agribusiness operations and
agricultural systems in those countries, including improving--
(i) animal care and health;
(ii) field crop cultivation;
(iii) fruit and vegetable growing;
(iv) livestock operations;
(v) food processing and packaging;
(vi) farm credit;
(vii) marketing;
(viii) inputs; and
(ix) agricultural extension; and
(B) to strengthen cooperatives and other agricultural groups
in those countries;
(3) transfer the knowledge and expertise of United States
agricultural producers and businesses, on an individual basis, to
those countries while enhancing the democratic process by supporting
private and public agriculturally related organizations that request
and support technical assistance activities through cash and in-kind
services;
(4) to the maximum extent practicable, make grants to or enter
into contracts or other cooperative agreements with private
voluntary organizations, cooperatives, land grant universities,
private agribusiness, or nonprofit farm organizations to carry out
this section (except that any such contract or other agreement may
obligate the United States to make outlays only to the extent that
the budget authority for such outlays is available under subsection
(d) of this section or has otherwise been provided in advance in
appropriation Acts);
(5) coordinate programs established under this section with
other foreign assistance programs and activities carried out by the
United States; and
(6) to the extent that local currencies can be used to meet the
costs of a program established under this section, augment funds of
the United States that are available for such a program through the
use, within the country in which the program is being conducted,
of--
(A) foreign currencies that accrue from the sale of
agricultural commodities and products under this chapter; and
(B) local currencies generated from other types of foreign
assistance activities.
(c) Special emphasis on sub-Saharan African and Caribbean Basin
countries
(1) Findings
Congress finds that--
(A) agricultural producers in sub-Saharan African and
Caribbean Basin countries need training in agricultural
techniques that are appropriate for the majority of eligible
agricultural producers in those countries, including training
in--
(i) standard growing practices;
(ii) insecticide and sanitation procedures; and
(iii) other agricultural methods that will produce
increased yields of more nutritious and healthful crops;
(B) agricultural producers in the United States (including
African-American agricultural producers) and banking and
insurance professionals have agribusiness expertise that would
be invaluable for agricultural producers in sub-Saharan African
and Caribbean Basin countries;
(C) a commitment by the United States is appropriate to
support the development of a comprehensive agricultural skills
training program for those agricultural producers that focuses
on--
(i) improving knowledge of insecticide and sanitation
procedures to prevent crop destruction;
(ii) teaching modern agricultural techniques that would
facilitate a continual analysis of crop production,
including--
(I) the identification and development of standard
growing practices; and
(II) the establishment of systems for recordkeeping;
(iii) the use and maintenance of agricultural equipment
that is appropriate for the majority of eligible
agricultural producers in sub-Saharan African or Caribbean
Basin countries;
(iv) the expansion of small agricultural operations into
agribusiness enterprises by increasing access to credit for
agricultural producers through--
(I) the development and use of village banking
systems; and
(II) the use of agricultural risk insurance pilot
products; and
(v) marketing crop yields to prospective purchasers
(including businesses and individuals) for local needs and
export; and
(D) programs that promote the exchange of agricultural
knowledge and expertise through the exchange of American and
foreign agricultural producers have been effective in promoting
improved agricultural techniques and food security and the
extension of additional resources to such farmer-to-farmer
exchanges is warranted.
(2) Goals for programs carried out in sub-Saharan African
and Caribbean Basin countries
The goals of programs carried out under this section in sub-
Saharan African and Caribbean Basin countries shall be--
(A) to expand small agricultural operations in those
countries into agribusiness enterprises by increasing access to
credit for agricultural producers through--
(i) the development and use of village banking systems;
and
(ii) the use of agricultural risk insurance pilot
products;
(B) to provide training to agricultural producers in those
countries that will--
(i) enhance local food security; and
(ii) help mitigate and alleviate hunger;
(C) to provide training to agricultural producers in those
countries in groups to encourage participants to share and pass
on to other agricultural producers in the home communities of
the participants, the information and skills obtained from the
training, rather than merely retaining the information and
skills for the personal enrichment of the participants; and
(D) to maximize the number of beneficiaries of the programs
in sub-Saharan African and Caribbean Basin countries.
(d) Minimum funding
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in addition to any funds
that may be specifically appropriated to carry out this section, not
less than 0.5 percent of the amounts made available for each of fiscal
years 2002 through 2007 to carry out this chapter shall be used to carry
out programs under this section, with--
(1) not less than 0.2 percent to be used for programs in
developing countries; and
(2) not less than 0.1 percent to be used for programs in sub-
Saharan African and Caribbean Basin countries.
(e) Authorization of appropriations
(1) In general
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out programs
under this section in sub-Saharan African and Caribbean Basin
countries $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2002 through 2007.
(2) Administrative costs
Not more than 5 percent of the funds made available for a fiscal
year under paragraph (1) may be used to pay administrative costs
incurred in carrying out programs in sub-Saharan African and
Caribbean Basin countries.
(July 10, 1954, ch. 469, title V, Sec. 501, as added Pub. L. 101-624,
title XV, Sec. 1512, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3656; amended Pub. L. 102-
237, title III, Sec. 301, Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1855; Pub. L. 104-
127, title II, Secs. 224, 277(c)(1), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 959, 979;
Pub. L. 107-76, title VII, Sec. 777, Nov. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 747; Pub.
L. 107-171, title III, Sec. 3014, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 285.)
Amendments
2002--Pub. L. 107-171 reenacted section catchline without change and
amended text generally, substituting, in subsec. (a), provisions
relating to definitions for general provisions, in subsec. (b),
provisions authorizing the President to administer the program for
provisions relating to definitions, in subsec. (c), provisions relating
to special emphasis on sub-Saharan African and Caribbean Basin countries
for provisions relating to minimum funding, in subsec. (d), provisions
relating to minimum funding for provisions relating to designation of
program, and adding subsec. (e) relating to authorization of
appropriations.
2001--Pub. L. 107-76, Sec. 777(1), inserted ``John Ogonowski''
before ``Farmer-to-Farmer Program'' in section catchline.
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 107-76, Sec. 777(2), added subsec. (d).
1996--Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104-127, Sec. 277(c)(1)(A), substituted
``emerging markets'' for ``emerging democracies'' in introductory
provisions.
Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 104-127, Sec. 224(1), added par. (6) and
struck out former par. (6) which read as follows: ``to the extent
practicable, augment the funds available for programs established under
this section through the use of foreign currencies that accrue from the
sale of agricultural commodities under this chapter, and local
currencies generated from other types of foreign assistance
activities.''
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 104-127, Sec. 277(c)(1)(B), added par. (1)
and struck out heading and text of former par. (1). Text read as
follows: ``The term ``emerging democracy'' means a country that is
taking steps toward--
``(A) political pluralism, based on progress toward free and
fair elections and a multiparty political system;
``(B) economic reform, based on progress toward a market-
oriented economy;
``(C) respect for internationally recognized human rights; and
``(D) a willingness to build a friendly relationship with the
United States.''
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104-127, Sec. 224(2), substituted ``0.4 percent
of the amounts'' for ``0.2 percent of the amounts'', ``1996 through
2002'' for ``1991 through 1995'', and ``0.2 percent to be used'' for
``0.1 percent to be used''.
1991--Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 102-237 struck out comma after
``public''.
Effective Date
Section effective Jan. 1, 1991, see section 1513 of Pub. L. 101-624,
set out as an Effective Date of 1990 Amendment note under section 1691
of this title.
