Title 10: Energy
PART 431—ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAM FOR CERTAIN COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT
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Subpart F—Commercial Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps
Source: 69 FR 61969, Oct. 21, 2004, unless otherwise noted.
§ 431.91 Purpose and scope.
This subpart specifies test procedures and energy conservation standards for certain commercial air conditioners and heat pumps, pursuant to Part C of Title III of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 6311–6317.
[69 FR 61969, Oct. 21, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 60415, Oct. 18, 2005]
§ 431.92 Definitions concerning commercial air conditioners and heat pumps.
The following definitions apply for purposes of this subpart F, and of subparts J through M of this part. Any words or terms not defined in this section or elsewhere in this part shall be defined as provided in 42 U.S.C. 6311.
Coefficient of Performance, or COP means the ratio of the produced cooling effect of an air conditioner or heat pump (or its produced heating effect, depending on the mode of operation) to its net work input, when both the cooling (or heating) effect and the net work input are expressed in identical units of measurement.
Commercial package air-conditioning and heating equipment means air-cooled, water-cooled, evaporatively-cooled, or water source (not including ground water source) electrically operated, unitary central air conditioners and central air-conditioning heat pumps for commercial application.
Energy Efficiency Ratio, or EER means the ratio of the produced cooling effect of an air conditioner or heat pump to its net work input, expressed in Btu/watt-hour.
Heating seasonal performance factor, or HSPF means the total heating output of a central air-conditioning heat pump during its normal annual usage period for heating, expressed in Btu's and divided by the total electric power input, expressed in watt-hours, during the same period.
Large commercial package air-conditioning and heating equipment means commercial package air-conditioning and heating equipment that is rated—
(1) At or above 135,000 Btu per hour; and
(2) Below 240,000 Btu per hour (cooling capacity).
Packaged terminal air conditioner means a wall sleeve and a separate un-encased combination of heating and cooling assemblies specified by the builder and intended for mounting through the wall, and that is industrial equipment. It includes a prime source of refrigeration, separable outdoor louvers, forced ventilation, and heating availability by builder's choice of hot water, steam, or electricity.
Packaged terminal heat pump means a packaged terminal air conditioner that utilizes reverse cycle refrigeration as its prime heat source, that has a supplementary heat source available, with the choice of hot water, steam, or electric resistant heat, and that is industrial equipment.
Seasonal energy efficiency ratio or SEER means the total cooling output of a central air conditioner or central air-conditioning heat pump, expressed in Btu's, during its normal annual usage period for cooling and divided by the total electric power input, expressed in watt-hours, during the same period.
Single package unit means any central air conditioner or central air-conditioning heat pump in which all the major assemblies are enclosed in one cabinet.
Small commercial package air-conditioning and heating equipment means commercial package air-conditioning and heating equipment that is rated below 135,000 Btu per hour (cooling capacity).
Split system means any central air conditioner or central air conditioning heat pump in which one or more of the major assemblies are separate from the others.
Very large commercial package air-conditioning and heating equipment means commercial package air-conditioning and heating equipment that is rated—
(1) At or above 240,000 Btu per hour; and
(2) Below 760,000 Btu per hour (cooling capacity).
[69 FR 61969, Oct. 21, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 60415, Oct. 18, 2005]
Test Procedures
§ 431.95 Materials incorporated by reference.
(a) The Department incorporates by reference the following test procedures into subpart F of part 431. The Director of the Federal Register has approved the material listed in paragraph (b) of this section for incorporation by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Any subsequent amendment to this material by the standard-setting organization will not affect the Department test procedures unless and until the Department amends its test procedures. The Department incorporates the material as it exists on the date of the approval and a notice of any change in the material will be published in the Federal Register.
(b) List of test procedures incorporated by reference. (1) Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI) Standard 210/240–2003 published in 2003, “Unitary Air-Conditioning and Air-Source Heat Pump Equipment,” IBR approved for §431.96.
(2) ARI Standard 340/360–2000 published in 2001, “Commercial and Industrial Unitary Air-Conditioning and Heat Pump Equipment,” IBR approved for §431.96.
(3) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Standard ISO 13256–1 published in 1998, “Water-source heat pumps—Testing and rating for performance—Part 1: Water-to-air and brine-to-air heat pumps,” IBR approved for §431.96.
(4) ARI Standard 310/380–2004 (CSA–C744–04) published in 2004, “Standard for Packaged Terminal Air-Conditioners and Heat Pumps,” IBR approved for §431.96.
(c) Availability of references—(1) Inspection of test procedures. You may inspect the test procedures incorporated by reference at:
(i) National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202–741–6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.php.
(ii) U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Hearings and Dockets, “Test Procedures and Efficiency Standards for Commercial Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps,” Docket No. EE–RM/TP–99–460, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585.
(2) Obtaining copies of test procedures. You may obtain a copy of the ARI standards from the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, 4301 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 425, Arlington, VA 22203, http://www.ari.org/. You can purchase a copy of the ISO Standard 13256–1 from the International Organization for Standardization, Case Postale 56, CH–1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland. http://www.iso.ch/ or from the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036.
§ 431.96 Uniform test method for the measurement of energy efficiency of small and large commercial package air conditioning and heating equipment, packaged terminal air conditioners, and packaged terminal heat pumps.
(a) Scope. This section contains test procedures you must follow if, pursuant to EPCA, you are measuring the energy efficiency of any small or large commercial package air-conditioning and heating equipment, packaged terminal air conditioner or packaged terminal heat pump.
(b) Testing and Calculations. Determine the energy efficiency of each covered product by conducting the test procedure(s) listed in the rightmost column of Table 1 of this section or the two rightmost columns of Table 2 of this section, that apply to the energy efficiency descriptor for that product, category, and cooling capacity.
Table 1 to § 431.96_Test Procedures for Certain Small Commercial Package Air Conditioning and Heating Equipment (All Water-Source Equipment and Other Equipment Less Than 65,000 Btu/h), for Large Commercial Package Air Conditioning and Heating Equipment and for Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners and Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Use tests, Product Category Cooling capacity Energy efficiency conditions and descriptor procedures \1\ in----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Small Commercial Packaged Air Air Cooled, 3 <65,000 Btu/h.. SEER.............. ARI Standard 210/ Conditioning and Heating Phase, AC and HP 240-2003 Equipment --------------------------------------- HSPF.............. ARI Standard 210/ 240-2003 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Water Cooled and <65,000 Btu/h.. EER............... ARI Standard 210/ Evaporatively 240-2003 Cooled AC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Water-Source HP... <135,000 Btu/h. EER............... ISO Standard 13256- 1 (1998) --------------------------------------- COP............... ISO Standard 13256- 1 (1998)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Large Commercial Packaged Air Air Cooled AC and >=135,000 Btu/h EER............... ARI Standard 340/ Conditioning and Heating HP. and <240,000 360-2000 Equipment Btu/h. --------------------------------------- COP............... ARI Standard 340/ 360-2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Water Cooled AC... >=135,000 Btu/h EER............... ARI Standard 340/ and <240,000 360-2000 Btu/h. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Evaporatively >=135,000 Btu/h EER............... ARI Standard 340/ Cooled AC. and <240,000 360-2000 Btu/h.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Packaged Terminal Air AC and HP......... All............... EER............... ARI Standard 310/ Conditioners and Heat Pumps 380-2004 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HP................ All............... COP............... ARI Standard 310/ 380-2004----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ Incorporated by reference, see § 431.95.
Table 2 to § 431.96_Test Procedures for Small Commercial Package Air Conditioning and Heating Equipment >=65,000 Btu/h and <135,000 Btu/h (Other Than Water-Source Equipment)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Energy Category efficiency Use tests, conditions and With these additional descriptor procedures \1\ in stipulations \2\----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Air Cooled AC and HP................... EER ARI Standard 340/360-2000 1. Models with a desuperheater/ COP water heating device: Establish Standard Ratings of units equipped with a refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger to heat domestic water (i.e., a desuperheater), with the desuperheater not in operation. ............ 2. Models Manufactured Without Indoor Air- Circulating Fans: (a) Establish Standard Ratings of units which do not have indoor air circulating fans furnished as part of the model, i.e., split systems with indoor coil alone, by subtracting from the total cooling capacity 1,250 Btu/h per 1,000 cfm [775 W/m\3\/s], and by adding the same amount to the heating capacity. Increase total power input for both heating and cooling by 365 W per 1,000 cfm [226 W/ m\3\/s] of indoor air circulated. ............ (b) Equipment which does not incorporate an indoor fan, but is rated in combination with a device employing a fan, shall be rated as described in 6.1.3.2a of 340/ 360-2000. For equipment of this class which is rated for general use to be applied to a variety of heating units, the indoor-coil airflow rate shall be (1) specified by the manufacturer in Standard Ratings, not to exceed 37.5 SCFM/1,000 Btu/h [0.06 m\3\/s per 1,000 W] of rated capacity, or (2) the airflow rate obtained through the indoor coil assembly when the pressure drop across the indoor coil assembly and the recommended enclosures and attachment means is not greater than 0.30 inch of water [75 Pa], whichever is less.Water Cooled AC........................ EER ARI Standard 340/360-2000 3. Models with Indoor Fans, Not Made for Use With Field Installed Duct Systems: (a) Equipment with indoor fans not made for use with field installed duct systems (free discharge) shall be rated at the indoor-coil airflow rate delivered when operating at 0 inches of water [0 Pa] external pressure as specified by the manufacturer. (b) Test indoor air-moving equipment not intended for use with field installed duct systems (free discharge) at 0 inches of water [0 Pa] external pressure.Evaporately Cooled AC.................. EER ARI Standard 340/360-2000 4. Water cooled models: For Standard Ratings of water- cooled units add a total allowance for cooling tower fan motor and circulating water pump motor power inputs in the amount of 10.0 W per 1,000 Btu/h [34.1 W per 1,000 W] cooling capacity.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ Incorporated by reference, see § 431.95.\2\ The content of stipulations 1, 2(a), 2(b), 3(a), 3(b), and 4 is taken from Sections 2.2.5, 6.1, 6.1.3.3 (c), 6.1.3.3 (b), 6.1.3.6, and 6.1, respectively, of ARI Standard 210/240-2003.
Energy Efficiency Standards
§ 431.97 Energy efficiency standards and their effective dates.
(a) Each commercial air conditioner or heat pump manufactured on or after January 1, 1994 (except for large commercial package air-conditioning and heating equipment, for which the effective date is January 1, 1995) and before January 1, 2010 must meet the applicable minimum energy efficiency standard level(s) set forth in Tables 1 and 2 of this section.
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Table 1 to § 431.97_Minimum Cooling Efficiency Levels-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Efficiency level \1\ --------------------------------------------- Product Category Cooling capacity Sub-category Products manufactured Products manufactured until October 29, on and after October 2003 29, 2003--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Small Commercial Packaged Air Air Cooled, 3 phase... <65,000 Btu/h...... Split System......... SEER = 10.0.......... SEER = 10.0. Conditioning and Heating Equipment. -------------------------------------------------------------------- Single Package SEER = 9.7........... SEER = 9.7. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Air Cooled............ >=65,000 Btu/h and All.................. EER = 8.9............ EER = 8.9. <135,000 Btu/h. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Water Cooled <17,000 Btu/h...... AC................... EER = 9.3............ EER = 12.1. Evaporatively Cooled and Water-Source. -------------------------------------------------------------------- HP................... EER = 9.3............ EER = 11.2. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >=17,000 Btu/h and AC................... EER = 9.3............ EER = 12.1. <65,000 Btu/h. -------------------------------------------------------------------- HP................... EER = 9.3............ EER = 12.0. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >=65,000 Btu/h and AC................... EER = 10.5........... EER = 11.5.\2\ <135,000 Btu/h. -------------------------------------------------------------------- HP................... EER = 10.5........... EER = 12.0.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Large Commercial Packaged Air Air Cooled............ >=135,000 Btu/h and All.................. EER = 8.5............ EER = 8.5. Conditioning and Heating Equipment. <240,000 Btu/h. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Water-Cooled and >=135,000 and All.................. EER = 9.6............ EER = 9.6.\3\ Evaporatively Cooled. <240,000 Btu/h.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners All................... <7,000 Btu/h....... All.................. EER = 8.88........... EER = 8.88. and Heat Pumps. ------------------------ --------------------------------------------- >=7,000 Btu/h and EER = 10.0 - (0.16 x EER = 10.0 - (0.16 x [le]15,000 Btu/h. capacity [in kBtu/h capacity [in kBtu/h at 95 °F outdoor at 95 °F outdoor dry-bulb dry-bulb temperature]). temperature]). ------------------------ --------------------------------------------- >15,000 Btu/h...... ..................... EER = 7.6............ EER = 7.6.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ For equipment rated according to the ARI standards, all EER values must be rated at 95 °F outdoor dry-bulb temperature for air-cooled products and evaporatively-cooled products and at 85 °F entering water temperature for water-cooled products. For water-source heat pumps rated according to the ISO standard, EER must be rated at 30 °C (86 °F) entering water temperature.\2\ Deduct 0.2 from the required EER for units with heating sections other than electric resistance heat.\3\ Effective 10/29/2004, the minimum value becomes EER = 11.0.
Table 2 to § 431.97_Minimum Heating Efficiency Levels-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Efficiency level \1\ --------------------------------------------- Product Category Cooling capacity Sub-category Products manufactured Products manufactured until October 29, on and after October 2003 29, 2003--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Small Commercial Packaged Air Air Cooled, 3 Phase... <65,000 Btu/h...... Split System......... HSPF = 6.8........... HSPF = 6.8. Conditioning and Heating Equipment. -------------------------------------------------------------------- Single Package....... HSPF = 6.6........... HSPF = 6.6. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Water-source.......... <135,000 Btu/h..... Split System and COP = 3.8............ COP = 4.2. Single Package. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Air Cooled............ >=65,000 Btu/h and All.................. COP = 3.0............ COP = 3.0. <135,000 Btu/h.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Large Commercial Packaged Air Air Cooled............ >=135,000 Btu/h and Split System and COP = 2.9............ COP = 2.9. Conditioning Package and Heating <240,000 Btu/h. Single Package. Equipment.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps....... All................... All................... All.................. COP = 1.3+(0.16 x the COP = 1.3+(0.16 x the applicable minimum applicable minimum cooling EER cooling EER prescribed in Table prescribed in Table 1_Minimum Cooling 1_Minimum Cooling Efficiency Levels). Efficiency Levels).--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ For units tested by ARI standards, all COP values must be rated at 47 °F outdoor dry-bulb temperature for air-cooled products, and at 70 °F entering water temperature for water-source heat pumps. For heat pumps tested by the ISO Standard 13256-1, the COP values must be obtained at the rating point with 20 °C (68 °F) entering water temperature.
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(b) Commercial package air conditioning and heating equipment manufactured on or after January 1, 2010, shall have Energy Efficiency Ratio and Coefficient of Performance no less than:
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Product Cooling capacity (Btu/h) Category Efficiency level†----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Small commercial package air- >=65,000 and <135,000 AC................... EER = 11.2* conditioning and heating equipment EER = 11.0** (air-cooled). HP................... EER = 11.0* EER = 10.8**Large commercial package air- >=135,000 and AC................... EER = 11.0* conditioning and heating equipment <240,000. EER = 10.8** (air-cooled). HP................... EER = 10.6* EER = 10.4**Very large commercial package air- >= 240,000 and AC................... EER = 10.0* conditioning (air-cooled). <760,000. EER = 9.8** HP................... EER = 9.5* EER = 9.3**Small commercial package air- >=65,000 and <135,000 HP................... COP = 3.3 conditioning heat pump.Large commercial package air- >=135,000 and HP................... COP = 3.2 conditioning heat pump. <240,000.Very large commercial package air- >= 240,000 and HP................... COP = 3.2 conditioning heat pump. <760,000.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* This EER level applies to equipment that has electric resistance heat or no heating.** This EER level applies to equipment with all other heating-system types that are integrated into the unitary equipment.†EER at a standard temperature rating of 95 °F dry-bulb and COP at a high temperature rating of 47 °F dry-bulb.
