Title 10: Energy
PART 431—ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAM FOR CERTAIN COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT
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Subpart G—Commercial Water Heaters, Hot Water Supply Boilers and Unfired Hot Water Storage Tanks
Source: 69 FR 61983, Oct. 21, 2004, unless otherwise noted.
§ 431.101 Purpose and scope.
This subpart contains energy conservation requirements for certain commercial water heaters, hot water supply boilers and unfired hot water storage tanks, pursuant to Part C of Title III of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 6311–6317.
[69 FR 61983, Oct. 21, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 60415, Oct. 18, 2005]
§ 431.102 Definitions concerning commercial water heaters, hot water supply boilers, and unfired hot water storage tanks.
The following definitions apply for purposes of this subpart G, and of subparts J through M of this part. Any words or terms not defined in this section or elsewhere in this part shall be defined as provided in section 340 of the Act, 42 U.S.C. 6311.
ASTM–D–2156–80 means the test standard published in 1980 by the American Society of Testing and Measurements and titled Method for Smoke Density in Flue Gases from Burning Distillate Fuels.
Hot water supply boiler means a packaged boiler that is industrial equipment and that,
(1) Has an input rating from 300,000 Btu/hr to 12,500,000 Btu/hr and of at least 4,000 Btu/hr per gallon of stored water,
(2) Is suitable for heating potable water, and
(3) Meets either or both of the following conditions:
(i) It has the temperature and pressure controls necessary for heating potable water for purposes other than space heating, or
(ii) The manufacturer's product literature, product markings, product marketing, or product installation and operation instructions indicate that the boiler's intended uses include heating potable water for purposes other than space heating.
Instantaneous water heater means a water heater that has an input rating not less than 4,000 Btu/hr per gallon of stored water, and that is industrial equipment, including products meeting this description that are designed to heat water to temperatures of 180 °F or higher.
Packaged boiler means a boiler that is shipped complete with heating equipment, mechanical draft equipment and automatic controls; usually shipped in one or more sections and does not include a boiler that is custom designed and field constructed. If the boiler is shipped in more than one section, the sections may be produced by more than one manufacturer, and may be originated or shipped at different times and from more than one location.
R-value means the thermal resistance of insulating material as determined based on ASTM Standard Test Method C177–97 or C518–91 and expressed in ( °F·ft2 ·h/Btu).
Standby loss means the average hourly energy required to maintain the stored water temperature, expressed as applicable either (1) as a percentage (per hour) of the heat content of the stored water and determined by the formula for S given in Section 2.10 of ANSI Z21.10.3–1998, denoted by the term “S,” or (2) in Btu per hour based on a 70 °F temperature differential between stored water and the ambient temperature, denoted by the term “SL.”
Storage water heater means a water heater that heats and stores water within the appliance at a thermostatically controlled temperature for delivery on demand and that is industrial equipment. Such term does not include units with an input rating of 4,000 Btu/hr or more per gallon of stored water.
Tank surface area means, for the purpose of determining portions of a tank requiring insulation, those areas of a storage tank, including hand holes and manholes, in its uninsulated or pre-insulated state, that do not have pipe penetrations or tank supports attached.
Thermal efficiency for an instantaneous water heater, a storage water heater or a hot water supply boiler means the ratio of the heat transferred to the water flowing through the water heater to the amount of energy consumed by the water heater as measured during the thermal efficiency test procedure prescribed in this subpart.
Unfired hot water storage tank means a tank used to store water that is heated externally, and that is industrial equipment.
Test Procedures
§ 431.105 Materials incorporated by reference.
(a) The Department incorporates by reference the following test procedures into Subpart G of Part 431. The Director of the Federal Register has approved the material listed in paragraph (b) of this section for incorporation by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51. Any subsequent amendment to this material by the standard-setting organization will not affect the Department test procedures unless and until the Department amends its test procedures. The Department incorporates the material as it exists on the date of the approval and a notice of any change in the material will be published in the Federal Register.
(b) Test procedure incorporated by reference. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard: “Gas Water Heaters, Volume III, Storage Water Heaters with Input Ratings above 75,000 Btu per Hour, Circulating and Instantaneous, Z21.10.3–1998, CSA 4.3–M98, and its Addenda, ANSI Z21.10.3a–2000, CSA 4.3a–M00,” IBR approved for §431.105. The Department is incorporating by reference the “Method of Test” subsections of sections 2.9 and 2.10 in ANSI Z21.10.3–1998, CSA 4.3–M98, and the sections referenced there, including sections 2.1.7, 2.3.3, 2.3.4, 2.30 and Figure 3.
(c) Availability of references—(1) Inspection of test procedures. The test procedures incorporated by reference are available for inspection at:
(i) National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202–741–6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.php.
(ii) U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Hearings and Dockets, “Test Procedures and Efficiency Standards for Commercial Water Heaters, Hot Water Supply Boilers, and Unfired Hot Water Storage Tanks,” Docket No. EE–RM/TP–99–480, Forrestal Building, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585.
(2) Obtaining copies of Standards. Anyone can purchase a copy of the standard incorporated by reference from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way West, Englewood, CO 80112, or http://global.ihs.com/, or http://webstore.ansi.org/ansidocstore/.
(d) Reference standards—(1) General. The standards listed in this paragraph are referred to in the Department test procedures in this subpart, but they are not incorporated by reference. These sources are given here for information and guidance.
(2) List of References. (i) ASTM Standard Test Method C518–91, “Standard Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus.”
(ii) ASTM Standard Test Method C177–97, “Standard Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus.”
(iii) ASTM Standard Test Method D2156–80, “Method for Smoke Density in Flue Gases from Burning Distillate Fuels.”
§ 431.106 Uniform test method for the measurement of energy efficiency of commercial water heaters and hot water supply boilers (other than commercial heat pump water heaters).
(a) Scope. This section covers the test procedures you must follow if, pursuant to EPCA, you are measuring the thermal efficiency or standby loss, or both, of a storage or instantaneous water heater or hot water supply boiler (other than a commercial heat pump water heater).
(b) Testing and Calculations. Determine the energy efficiency of each covered product by conducting the test procedure(s), set forth in the two rightmost columns of the following table, that apply to the energy efficiency descriptor(s) for that product:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Use test setup, equipment and Product Energy efficiency procedures in With these additional descriptor subsection labeled stipulations ``Method of Test'' of----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Gas-fired Storage and Instantaneous Thermal Efficiency.... ANSI Z21.10.3-1998, A. For all products, the Water Heaters and Hot Water Supply § 2.9**. duration of the standby Boilers*. loss test shall be until whichever of the following occurs first after you begin to measure the fuel and/or electric consumption: (1) The first cutout after 24 hours or (2) 48 hours, if the water heater is not in the heating mode at that time. Standby Loss.......... ANSI Z21.10.3-1998, B. For oil and gas § 2.10**. products, the standby loss in Btu per hour must be calculated as follows: SL (Btu per hour) = S (% per hour) x 8.25 (Btu/gal-F) x Measured Volume (gal) x 70 (degrees F). C. For oil-fired products, apply the following in conducting the thermal efficiency and standby loss tests: (1) Venting Requirements_Connect a vertical length of flue pipe to the flue gas outlet of sufficient height so as to meet the minimum draft specified by the manufacturer.Oil-fired Storage and Instantaneous Thermal Efficiency.... ANSI Z21.10.3-1998, (2) Oil Supply_Adjust the Water Heaters and Hot Water Supply § 2.9**. burner rate so that: (a) Boilers*. The hourly Btu input rate lies within ±2 percent of the manufacturer's specified input rate, (b) the CO2 reading shows the value specified by the manufacturer, (c) smoke in the flue does not exceed No. 1 smoke as measured by the procedure in ASTM-D- 2156-80, and (d) fuel pump pressure lies within ±10 percent of manufacturer's specifications. Standby Loss.......... ANSI Z21.10.3-1998, D. For electric products, § 2.10**. apply the following in conducting the standby loss test: (1) Assume that the thermal efficiency (Et) of electric water heaters with immersed heating elements is 98 percent. (2) Maintain the electrical supply voltage to within ±5 percent of the center of the voltage range specified on the water heater nameplate.Electric Storage and Instantaneous Standby Loss.......... ANSI Z21.10.3-1998, (3) If the set up includes Water Heaters. § 2.10**. multiple adjustable thermostats, set the highest one first to yield a maximum water temperature in the specified range as measured by the topmost tank thermocouple. Then set the lower thermostat(s) to yield a maximum mean tank temperature within the specified range.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*As to hot water supply boilers with a capacity of less than 10 gallons, these test methods become mandatory on October 21, 2005. Prior to that time, you may use for these products either (1) these test methods if you rate the product for thermal efficiency, or (2) the test methods in Subpart E if you rate the product for combustion efficiency as a commercial packaged boiler.**Incorporated by reference, see § 431.105.
§ 431.107 Uniform test method for the measurement of energy efficiency of commercial heat pump water heaters. [Reserved]Energy Conservation Standards
§ 431.110 Energy conservation standards and their effective dates.
Each commercial storage water heater, instantaneous water heater, unfired hot water storage tank and hot water supply boiler1 must meet the applicable energy conservation standard level(s) as follows:
1 Any packaged boiler that provides service water, that meets the definition of “commercial packaged boiler” in subpart E of this part, but does not meet the definition of “ hot water supply boiler” in subpart G, must meet the requirements that apply to it under subpart E.
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Energy conservation standard \a\ (products manufactured on and after October 29, 2003) \b\ Product Size -------------------------------------------------- Minimum thermal Maximum standby loss efficiency \c\----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electric storage water heaters.... All...................... N/A..................... 0.30 + 27/Vm (%/hr)Gas-fired storage water heaters... [le]155,000 Btu/hr....... 80%..................... Q/800 + 110(Vr) 1/2 >155,000 Btu/hr....... 80%..................... (Btu/hr) Q/800 + 110(Vr) 1/2 (Btu/hr)Oil-fired storage water heaters... [le]155,000 Btu/hr....... 78%..................... Q/800 + 110(Vr) 1/2 >155,000 Btu/hr....... 78%..................... (Btu/hr) Q/800 + 110(Vr) 1/2 (Btu/hr)Gas-fired instantaneous water <10 gal............... 80%..................... N/A heaters and hot water supply >=10 gal................. 80%..................... Q/800 + 110(Vr) 1/2 boilers. (Btu/hr)Oil-fired instantaneous water <10 gal............... 80%..................... N/A heaters and hot water supply >=10 gal................. 78%..................... Q/800 + 110(Vr) 1/2 boilers. (Btu/hr)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------ Minimum thermal Product Size insulation------------------------------------------------------------------------Unfired hot water storage All................. R-12.5 tank.------------------------------------------------------------------------\a\ Vm is the measured storage volume and Vr is the rated volume, both in gallons. Q is the nameplate input rate in Btu/hr.\b\ For hot water supply boilers with a capacity of less than 10 gallons: (1) the standards are mandatory for products manufactured on and after October 21, 2005, and (2) products manufactured prior to that date, and on or after October 23, 2003, must meet either the standards listed in this table or the applicable standards in Subpart E of this Part for a ``commercial packaged boiler.''\c\ Water heaters and hot water supply boilers having more than 140 gallons of storage capacity need not meet the standby loss requirement if (1) the tank surface area is thermally insulated to R-12.5 or more, (2) a standing pilot light is not used and (3) for gas or oil-fired storage water heaters, they have a fire damper or fan assisted combustion.
