21 C.F.R. § 173.315 Chemicals used in washing or to assist in the peeling of fruits and vegetables.
Title 21 - Food and Drugs
Title 21: Food and Drugs
PART 173—SECONDARY DIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED IN FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
Subpart D—Specific Usage Additives
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§ 173.315 Chemicals used in washing or to assist in the peeling of fruits and vegetables.
Chemicals may be safely used to wash or to assist in the peeling of fruits and vegetables in accordance with the following conditions:
(a) The chemicals consist of one or more of the following:
(1) Substances generally recognized as safe in food or covered by prior sanctions for use in washing fruits and vegetables.
(2) Substances identified in this subparagraph and subject to such limitations as are provided:
------------------------------------------------------------------------ Substances Limitations------------------------------------------------------------------------A mixture of alkylene oxide adducts of May be used at a level not to alkyl alcohols and phosphate esters of exceed 0.2 percent in lye- alkylene oxide adducts of alkyl peeling solution to assist in alcohols consisting of: α-alkyl the lye peeling of fruit and (C12-C18)-omega-hydroxy-poly vegetables. (oxyethylene) (7.5-8.5 moles)/poly (oxypropylene) block copolymer having an average molecular weight of 810; α-alkyl (C12-C18)-omega-hydroxy- poly (oxyethylene) (3.3-3.7 moles) polymer having an average molecular weight of 380, and subsequently esterified with 1.25 moles phosphoric anhydride; and α-alkyl (C10-C12)- omega-hydroxypoly (oxyethylene) (11.9- 12.9 moles)/poly (oxypropylene) copolymer, having an average molecular weight of 810, and subsequently esterified with 1.25 moles phosphoric anhydride.Aliphatic acid mixture consisting of May be used at a level not to valeric, caproic, enanthic, caprylic, exceed 1 percent in lye and pelargonic acids. peeling solution to assist in the lye peeling of fruits and vegetables.Polyacrylamide......................... Not to exceed 10 parts per million in wash water. Contains not more than 0.2 percent acrylamide monomer. May be used in the washing of fruits and vegetables.Potassium bromide...................... May be used in the washing or to assist in the lye peeling of fruits and vegetables.Sodium n-alkylbenzene-sulfonate (alkyl Not to exceed 0.2 percent in group predominantly C12 and C13 and wash water. May be used in not less than 95 percent C10 to C16). washing or to assist in the lye peeling of fruits and vegetables.Sodium dodecylbenzene-sulfonate (alkyl Do. group predominantly C12 and not less than 95% C10 to C16).Sodium 2 ethyl-hexyl sulfate........... Do.Sodium hypochlorite.................... May be used in the washing or to assist in the lye peeling of fruits and vegetables.Sodium mono- and dimethyl naphthalene Not to exceed 0.2 percent in sulfonates (mol. wt. 245-260). wash water. May be used in the washing or to assist in the lye peeling of fruits and vegetables.------------------------------------------------------------------------
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(3) Sodium mono- and dimethyl naphthalene sulfonates (mol. wt. 245–260) may be used in the steam/scald vacuum peeling of tomatoes at a level not to exceed 0.2 percent in the condensate or scald water.
(4) Substances identified in this paragraph (a)(4) for use in flume water for washing sugar beets prior to the slicing operation and subject to the limitations as are provided for the level of the substances in the flume water:
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------------------------------------------------------------------------ Substance Limitations------------------------------------------------------------------------α-Alkyl-omega-hydroxypoly- Not to exceed 3 ppm. (oxyethylene) produced by condensation of 1 mole of C11-C486315 straight chain randomly substituted secondary alcohols with an average of 9 moles of ethylene oxide.Linear undecylbenzenesulfonic acid........ Do.Dialkanolamide produced by condensing 1 Not to exceed 2 ppm. mole of methyl laurate with 1.05 moles of diethanolamine.Triethanolamine........................... Do.Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether........... Not to exceed 1 ppm.Oleic acid conforming with § 172.860 Do. of this chapter.Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate.............. Not to exceed 0.3 ppm.Monoethanolamine.......................... Do.Ethylene dichloride....................... Not to exceed 0.2 ppm.Tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate... Not to exceed 0.1 ppm.------------------------------------------------------------------------
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(5) Substances identified in this paragraph (a)(5) for use on fruits and vegetables that are not raw agricultural commodities and subject to the limitations provided:
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------------------------------------------------------------------------ Substances Limitations------------------------------------------------------------------------Hydrogen peroxide........................ Used in combination with acetic acid to form peroxyacetic acid. Not to exceed 59 ppm in wash water.1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid May be used only with peroxyacetic acid. Not to exceed 4.8 ppm in wash water.Peroxyacetic acid........................ Prepared by reacting acetic acid with hydrogen peroxide. Not to exceed 80 ppm in wash water.------------------------------------------------------------------------
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(b) The chemicals are used in amounts not in excess of the minimum required to accomplish their intended effect.
(c) The use of the chemicals listed under paragraphs (a)(1), (a)(2), and (a)(4) is followed by rinsing with potable water to remove, to the extent possible, residues of the chemicals.
(d) To assure safe use of the additive:
(1) The label and labeling of the additive container shall bear, in addition to the other information required by the act, the name of the additive or a statement of its composition.
(2) The label or labeling of the additive container shall bear adequate use directions to assure use in compliance with all provisions of this section.
[42 FR 14526, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 42 FR 29856, June 10, 1977; 42 FR 32229, June 24, 1977; 43 FR 54926, Nov. 24, 1978; 61 FR 46376, 46377, Sept. 3, 1996; 63 FR 7069, Feb. 12, 1998; 64 FR 38564, July 19, 1999]
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