Title 29: Labor
PART 1910—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS
Subpart N—Materials Handling and Storage
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§ 1910.184 Slings.
(a) Scope. This section applies to slings used in conjunction with other material handling equipment for the movement of material by hoisting, in employments covered by this part. The types of slings covered are those made from alloy steel chain, wire rope, metal mesh, natural or synthetic fiber rope (conventional three strand construction), and synthetic web (nylon, polyester, and polypropylene).
(b) Definitions. Angle of loading is the inclination of a leg or branch of a sling measured from the horizontal or vertical plane as shown in Fig. N–184–5; provided that an angle of loading of five degrees or less from the vertical may be considered a vertical angle of loading.
Basket hitch is a sling configuration whereby the sling is passed under the load and has both ends, end attachments, eyes or handles on the hook or a single master link.
Braided wire rope is a wire rope formed by plaiting component wire ropes.
Bridle wire rope sling is a sling composed of multiple wire rope legs with the top ends gathered in a fitting that goes over the lifting hook.
Cable laid endless sling-mechanical joint is a wire rope sling made endless by joining the ends of a single length of cable laid rope with one or more metallic fittings.
Cable laid grommet-hand tucked is an endless wire rope sling made from one length of rope wrapped six times around a core formed by hand tucking the ends of the rope inside the six wraps.
Cable laid rope is a wire rope composed of six wire ropes wrapped around a fiber or wire rope core.
Cable laid rope sling-mechanical joint is a wire rope sling made from a cable laid rope with eyes fabricated by pressing or swaging one or more metal sleeves over the rope junction.
Choker hitch is a sling configuration with one end of the sling passing under the load and through an end attachment, handle or eye on the other end of the sling.
Coating is an elastomer or other suitable material applied to a sling or to a sling component to impart desirable properties.
Cross rod is a wire used to join spirals of metal mesh to form a complete fabric. (See Fig. N–184–2.)
Designated means selected or assigned by the employer or the employer's representative as being qualified to perform specific duties.
Equivalent entity is a person or organization (including an employer) which, by possession of equipment, technical knowledge and skills, can perform with equal competence the same repairs and tests as the person or organization with which it is equated.
Fabric (metal mesh) is the flexible portion of a metal mesh sling consisting of a series of transverse coils and cross rods.
Female handle (choker) is a handle with a handle eye and a slot of such dimension as to permit passage of a male handle thereby allowing the use of a metal mesh sling in a choker hitch. (See Fig. N–184–1.)
Handle is a terminal fitting to which metal mesh fabric is attached. (See Fig. N–184–1.)
Handle eye is an opening in a handle of a metal mesh sling shaped to accept a hook, shackle or other lifting device. (See Fig. N–184–1.)
Hitch is a sling configuration whereby the sling is fastened to an object or load, either directly to it or around it.
Link is a single ring of a chain.
Male handle (triangle) is a handle with a handle eye.
Master coupling link is an alloy steel welded coupling link used as an intermediate link to join alloy steel chain to master links. (See Fig. N–184–3.)
Master link or gathering ring is a forged or welded steel link used to support all members (legs) of an alloy steel chain sling or wire rope sling. (See Fig. N–184–3.)
Mechanical coupling link is a nonwelded, mechanically closed steel link used to attach master links, hooks, etc., to alloy steel chain.
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Proof load is the load applied in performance of a proof test.
Proof test is a nondestructive tension test performed by the sling manufacturer or an equivalent entity to verify construction and workmanship of a sling.
Rated capacity or working load limit is the maximum working load permitted by the provisions of this section.
Reach is the effective length of an alloy steel chain sling measured from the top bearing surface of the upper terminal component to the bottom bearing surface of the lower terminal component.
Selvage edge is the finished edge of synthetic webbing designed to prevent unraveling.
Sling is an assembly which connects the load to the material handling equipment.
Sling manufacturer is a person or organization that assembles sling components into their final form for sale to users.
Spiral is a single transverse coil that is the basic element from which metal mesh is fabricated. (See Fig. N–184–2.)
Strand laid endless sling-mechanical joint is a wire rope sling made endless from one length of rope with the ends joined by one or more metallic fittings.
Strand laid grommet-hand tucked is an endless wire rope sling made from one length of strand wrapped six times around a core formed by hand tucking the ends of the strand inside the six wraps.
Strand laid rope is a wire rope made with strands (usually six or eight) wrapped around a fiber core, wire strand core, or independent wire rope core (IWRC).
Vertical hitch is a method of supporting a load by a single, vertical part or leg of the sling. (See Fig. N–184–4.)
(c) Safe operating practices. Whenever any sling is used, the following practices shall be observed:
(1) Slings that are damaged or defective shall not be used.
(2) Slings shall not be shortened with knots or bolts or other makeshift devices.
(3) Sling legs shall not be kinked.
(4) Slings shall not be loaded in excess of their rated capacities.
(5) Slings used in a basket hitch shall have the loads balanced to prevent slippage.
(6) Slings shall be securely attached to their loads.
(7) Slings shall be padded or protected from the sharp edges of their loads.
(8) Suspended loads shall be kept clear of all obstructions.
(9) All employees shall be kept clear of loads about to be lifted and of suspended loads.
(10) Hands or fingers shall not be placed between the sling and its load while the sling is being tightened around the load.
(11) Shock loading is prohibited.
(12) A sling shall not be pulled from under a load when the load is resting on the sling.
(d) Inspections. Each day before being used, the sling and all fastenings and attachments shall be inspected for damage or defects by a competent person designated by the employer. Additional inspections shall be performed during sling use, where service conditions warrant. Damaged or defective slings shall be immediately removed from service.
(e) Alloy steel chain slings—(1) Sling identification. Alloy steel chain slings shall have permanently affixed durable identification stating size, grade, rated capacity, and reach.
(2) Attachments. (i) Hooks, rings, oblong links, pear shaped links, welded or mechanical coupling links or other attachments shall have a rated capacity at least equal to that of the alloy steel chain with which they are used or the sling shall not be used in excess of the rated capacity of the weakest component.
(ii) Makeshift links or fasteners formed from bolts or rods, or other such attachments, shall not be used.
(3) Inspections. (i) In addition to the inspection required by paragraph (d) of this section, a thorough periodic inspection of alloy steel chain slings in use shall be made on a regular basis, to be determined on the basis of (A) frequency of sling use; (B) severity of service conditions; (C) nature of lifts being made; and (D) experience gained on the service life of slings used in similar circumstances. Such inspections shall in no event be at intervals greater than once every 12 months.
(ii) The employer shall make and maintain a record of the most recent month in which each alloy steel chain sling was thoroughly inspected, and shall make such record available for examination.
(iii) The thorough inspection of alloy steel chain slings shall be performed by a competent person designated by the employer, and shall include a thorough inspection for wear, defective welds, deformation and increase in length. Where such defects or deterioration are present, the sling shall be immediately removed from service.
(4) Proof testing. The employer shall ensure that before use, each new, repaired, or reconditioned alloy steel chain sling, including all welded components in the sling assembly, shall be proof tested by the sling manufacturer or equivalent entity, in accordance with paragraph 5.2 of the American Society of Testing and Materials Specification A391–65, which is incorporated by reference as specified in §1910.6 (ANSI G61.1– 1968). The employer shall retain a certificate of the proof test and shall make it available for examination.
(5) Sling use. Alloy steel chain slings shall not be used with loads in excess of the rated capacities prescribed in Table N–184–1. Slings not included in this table shall be used only in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
(6) Safe operating temperatures. Alloy steel chain slings shall be permanently removed from service if they are heated above 1000 °F. When exposed to service temperatures in excess of 600 °F, maximum working load limits permitted in Table N–184–1 shall be reduced in accordance with the chain or sling manufacturer's recommendations.
(7) Repairing and reconditioning alloy steel chain slings. (i) Worn or damaged alloy steel chain slings or attachments shall not be used until repaired. When welding or heat testing is performed, slings shall not be used unless repaired, reconditioned and proof tested by the sling manufacturer or an equivalent entity.
(ii) Mechanical coupling links or low carbon steel repair links shall not be used to repair broken lengths of chain.
(8) Effects of wear. If the chain size at any point of any link is less than that stated in Table N–184–2, the sling shall be removed from service.
(9) Deformed attachments. (i) Alloy steel chain slings with cracked or deformed master links, coupling links or other components shall be removed from service.
Table N-184-1_Rated Capacity (Working Load Limit), for Alloy Steel Chain Slings Rated Capacity (Working Load Limit), Pounds [Horizontal angles shown in parentheses]---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Double sling vertical angle (1) Triple and quadruple sling (3) Single branch --------------------------------- vertical angle (1) Chain size, inches sling_90° -------------------------------- loading 30° 45° 60° 30° 45° 60° (60°) (45°) (30°) (60°) (45°) (30°)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\1/4\.......................... 3,250 5,650 4,550 3,250 8,400 6,800 4,900\3/8\.......................... 6,600 11,400 9,300 6,600 17,000 14,000 9,900\1/2\.......................... 11,250 19,500 15,900 11,250 29,000 24,000 17,000\5/8\.......................... 16,500 28,500 23,300 16,500 43,000 35,000 24,500\3/4\.......................... 23,000 39,800 32,500 23,000 59,500 48,500 34,500\7/8\.......................... 28,750 49,800 40,600 28,750 74,500 61,000 43,0001.............................. 38,750 67,100 5,800 38,750 101,000 82,000 58,0001\1/8\......................... 44,500 77,000 63,000 44,500 115,500 94,500 66,5001\1/4\......................... 57,500 99,500 61,000 57,500 149,000 121,500 86,0001\3/8\......................... 67,000 116,000 94,000 67,000 174,000 141,000 100,5001\1/2\......................... 80,000 138,000 112,900 80,000 207,000 169,000 119,5001\3/4\......................... 100,000 172,000 140,000 100,000 258,000 210,000 150,000----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(1) Rating of multileg slings adjusted for angle of loading measured as the included angle between the inclined leg and the vertical as shown in Figure N-184-5.(2) Rating of multileg slings adjusted for angle of loading between the inclined leg and the horizontal plane of the load, as shown in Figure N-184-5.(3) Quadruple sling rating is same as triple sling because normal lifting practice may not distribute load uniformly to all 4 legs.
Table N-184-2_Minimum Allowable Chain Size At Any Point of Link------------------------------------------------------------------------ Minimum allowable chain size, Chain size, inches inches------------------------------------------------------------------------ \1/4\ \13/64\ \3/8\ \19/64\ \1/2\ \25/64\ \5/8\ \31/64\ \3/4\ \19/32\ \7/8\ 4\5/64\ 1 \13/16\ 1\1/8\ \29/32\ 1\1/4\ 1 1\3/8\ 1\3/32\ 1\1/2\ 1\3/16\ 1\3/4\ 1\13/32\------------------------------------------------------------------------
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(ii) Slings shall be removed from service if hooks are cracked, have been opened more than 15 percent of the normal throat opening measured at the narrowest point or twisted more than 10 degrees from the plane of the unbent hook.
(f) Wire rope slings—(1) Sling use. Wire rope slings shall not be used with loads in excess of the rated capacities shown in Tables N–184–3 through N–184–14. Slings not included in these tables shall be used only in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
(2) Minimum sling lengths. (i) Cable laid and 6×19 and 6×37 slings shall have a minimum clear length of wire rope 10 times the component rope diameter between splices, sleeves or end fittings.
(ii) Braided slings shall have a minimum clear length of wire rope 40 times the component rope diameter between the loops or end fittings.
(iii) Cable laid grommets, strand laid grommets and endless slings shall have a minimum circumferential length of 96 times their body diameter.
(3) Safe operating temperatures. Fiber core wire rope slings of all grades shall be permanently removed from service if they are exposed to temperatures in excess of 200 °F. When nonfiber core wire rope slings of any grade are used at temperatures above 400 °F or below minus 60 °F, recommendations of the sling manufacturer regarding use at that temperature shall be followed.
(4) End attachments. (i) Welding of end attachments, except covers to thimbles, shall be performed prior to the assembly of the sling.
(ii) All welded end attachments shall not be used unless proof tested by the manufacturer or equivalent entity at twice their rated capacity prior to initial use. The employer shall retain a certificate of the proof test, and make it available for examination.
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Table N-184-3_Rated Capacities for Single Leg Slings 6x19 and 6x37 Classification Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope With Fiber Core (FC)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rope Rated capacities, tons (2,000 lb)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vertical Choker Vertical basket \1\ Dia Constr ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (inches) HT MS S HT MS S HT MS S---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1/4\ 6x19 0.49 0.51 0.55 0.37 0.38 0.41 0.99 1.0 1.1 \5/16\ 6x19 0.76 0.79 0.85 0.57 0.59 0.64 1.5 1.6 1.7 \3/8\ 6x19 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.80 0.85 0.91 2.1 2.2 2.4 \7/16\ 6x19 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.2 2.9 3.0 3.3 \1/2\ 6x19 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.4 1.5 12.6 3.7 3.9 4.3 \9/16\ 6x19 2.3 2.5 2.7 1.7 1.9 2.0 4.6 5.0 5.4 \5/8\ 6x19 2.8 3.1 3.3 2.1 2.3 2.5 5.6 6.2 6.7 \3/4\ 6x19 3.9 4.4 4.8 2.9 3.3 3.6 7.8 8.8 9.5 \7/8\ 6x19 5.1 5.9 6.4 3.9 4.5 4.8 10.0 12.0 13.0 1 6x19 6.7 7.7 8.4 5.0 5.8 6.3 13.0 15.0 17.0 1\1/8\ 6x19 8.4 9.5 10.0 6.3 7.1 7.9 17.0 19.0 21.0 1\1/4\ 6x37 9.8 11.0 12.0 7.4 8.3 9.2 20.0 22.0 25.0 1\3/8\ 6x37 12.0 13.0 15.0 8.9 10.0 11.0 24.0 27.0 30.0 1\1/2\ 6x37 14.0 16.0 15.0 10.0 12.0 13.0 28.0 32.0 35.0 1\5/8\ 6x37 16.0 18.0 21.0 12.0 14.0 15.0 33.0 27.0 41.0 1\3/4\ 6x37 19.0 21.0 24.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 38.0 43.0 48.0 2 6x37 25.0 28.0 31.0 18.0 21.0 23.0 49.0 55.0 62.0----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------HT = Hand Tucked Splice and Hidden Tuck Splice. For hidden tuck splice (IWRC) use values in HT columns.MS = Mechanical Splice.S = Swaged or Zinc Poured Socket.\1\ These values only apply when the D/d ratio for HT slings is 10 or greater, and for MS and S slings is 20 or greater where: D=Diameter of curvature around which the body of the sling is bent; d=Diameter of rope.
Table N-184-4_Rated Capacities for Single Leg Slings 6x19 and 6x37 Classification Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope With Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rope Rated capacities, tons (2,000 lb)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vertical Choker Vertical basket \1\ Dia Constr ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (inches) HT MS S HT MS S HT MS S---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1/4\ 6x19 0.53 0.56 0.59 0.40 0.42 0.44 1.0 1.1 1.2 \5/16\ 6x19 0.81 0.87 0.92 0.61 0.65 0.69 1.6 1.7 1.8 \3/8\ 6x19 1.1 1.2 1.3 0.86 0.93 0.98 2.3 2.5 2.6 \7/16\ 6x19 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.2 1.3 1.3 3.1 3.4 3.5 \1/2\ 6x19 2.0 2.2 2.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 3.9 4.4 4.6 \9/16\ 6x19 2.5 2.7 2.9 1.8 2.1 2.2 4.9 5.5 5.8 \5/8\ 6x19 3.0 3.4 3.6 2.2 2.5 2.7 6.0 6.8 7.2 \3/4\ 6x19 4.2 4.9 5.1 3.1 3.6 3.8 8.4 9.7 10.0 \7/8\ 6x19 5.5 6.6 6.9 4.1 4.9 5.2 11.0 13.0 14.0 1 6x19 7.2 8.5 9.0 5.4 6.4 6.7 14.0 17.0 18.0 1\1/8\ 6x19 9.0 10.0 11.0 6.8 7.8 8.5 18.0 21.0 23.0 1\1/4\ 6x37 10.0 12.0 13.0 7.9 9.2 9.9 21.0 24.0 26.0 1\3/8\ 6x37 13.0 15.0 16.0 9.6 11.0 12.0 25.0 29.0 32.0 1\1/2\ 6x37 15.0 17.0 19.0 11.0 13.0 14.0 30.0 35.0 38.0 1\5/8\ 6x37 18.0 20.0 22.0 13.0 15.0 17.0 35.0 41.0 44.0 1\3/4\ 6x37 20.0 24.0 26.0 15.0 18.0 19.0 41.0 47.0 51.0 2 6x37 26.0 30.0 33.0 20.0 23.0 25.0 53.0 61.0 66.0----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------HT = Hand Tucked Splice. For hidden tuck splice (IWRC) use Table I values in HT column.MS = Mechanical Splice.S = Swaged or Zinc Poured Socket.\1\ These values only apply when the D/d ratio for HT slings is 10 or greater, and for MS and S Slings is 20 or greater where: D=Diameter of curvature around which the body of the sling is bent; d=Diameter of rope.
Table N-184-5_Rated Capacities for Single Leg Slings Cable Laid Rope_Mechanical Splice Only 7x7x7&7x19 Constructions Galvanized Aircraft Grade Rope 7x6x19 IWRC Construction Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rope Rated capacities, tons (2,000 lb)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vertical Dia (inches) Constr Vertical Choker basket \1\----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\1/4\..................................... 7x7x7........................... 0.50 0.38 1.0\3/8\..................................... 7x7x7........................... 1.1 0.81 2.0\1/2\..................................... 7x7x7........................... 1.8 1.4 3.7\5/8\..................................... 7x7x7........................... 2.8 2.1 5.5\3/4\..................................... 7x7x7........................... 3.8 2.9 7.6\5/8\..................................... 7x7x19.......................... 2.9 2.2 5.8\3/4\..................................... 7x7x19.......................... 4.1 3.0 8.1\7/8\..................................... 7x7x19.......................... 5.4 4.0 11.01......................................... 7x7x19.......................... 6.9 5.1 14.01\1/8\.................................... 7x7x19.......................... 8.2 6.2 16.01\1/4\.................................... 7x7x19.......................... 9.9 7.4 20.0\3/4\..................................... 7x6x19 IWRC..................... 3.8 2.8 7.6\7/8\..................................... 7x6x19 IWRC..................... 5.0 3.8 10.01......................................... 7x6x19 IWRC..................... 6.4 4.8 13.01\1/8\.................................... 7x6x19 IWRC..................... 7.7 5.8 15.01\1/4\.................................... 7x6x19 IWRC..................... 9.2 6.9 18.01\5/16\................................... 7x6x19 IWRC..................... 10.0 7.5 20.01\3/8\.................................... 7x6x19 IWRC..................... 11.0 8.2 22.01\1/2\.................................... 7x6x19 IWRC..................... 13.0 9.6 26.0----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ These values only apply when the D/d ratio is 10 or greater where: D=Diameter of curvature around which the body of the sling is bent; d=Diameter of rope.
Table N-184-6_Rated Capacities for Single Leg Slings 8-Part and 6-Part Braided Rope 6x7 and 6x19 Construction Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope 7x7 Construction Galvanized Aircraft Grade Rope---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Component ropes Rated capacities, tons (2,000 lb)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vertical Choker Basket, vertical ------------------------------------ to 30° \1\ Diameter (inches) Constr ----------------- 8-Part 6-Part 8-Part 6-Part 8-Part 6-Part----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\3/32\........................................... 6x7 0.42 0.32 0.32 0.24 0.74 0.55\1/8\............................................ 6x7 0.75 0.57 0.57 0.42 1.3 0.98\3/16\........................................... 6x7 1.7 1.3 1.3 0.94 2.9 2.2\3/32\........................................... 7x7 0.51 0.39 0.38 0.29 0.89 0.67\1/8\............................................ 7x7 0.95 0.7 0.71 0.53 1.6 1.2\3/16\........................................... 7x7 2.1 1.5 1.5 1.2 3.6 2.7\3/16\........................................... 6x19 1.7 1.3 1.3 0.98 3.0 2.2\1/4\............................................ 6x19 3.1 2.3 2.3 1.7 5.3 4.0\5/16\........................................... 6x19 4.8 3.6 3.6 2.7 8.3 6.2\3/8\............................................ 6x19 6.8 5.1 5.1 3.8 12.0 8.9\7/16\........................................... 6x19 9.3 6.9 6.9 5.2 16.0 12.0\1/2\............................................ 6x19 12.0 9.0 9.0 6.7 21.0 15.0\9/16\........................................... 6x19 15.0 11.0 11.0 8.5 26.0 20.0\5/8\............................................ 6x19 19.0 14.0 14.0 10.0 32.0 24.0\3/4\............................................ 6x19 27.0 20.0 20.0 15.0 46.0 35.0\7/8\............................................ 6x19 36.0 27.0 27.0 20.0 62.0 47.01................................................ 6x19 47.0 35.0 35.0 26.0 81.0 61.0----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ These values only apply when the D/d ratio is 20 or greater where: D=Diameter of curvature around which the body of the sling is bent; d=Diameter of component rope.
Table N-184-7_Rated Capacities for 2-Leg and 3-Leg Bridle Slings 6x19 and 6x37 Classification Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope With Fiber Core (FC) [Horizontal angles shown in parentheses]---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rope Rated capacities, tons (2,000 lb)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2-Leg bridle slings 3-Leg bridle slings ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dia 30° 45° angle 60° 30° 45° angle 60° (in.) Constr (60°) ---------------- (30°) (60°) ---------------- (30°) ---------------- -------------------------------- --------------- HT MS HT MS HT MS HT MS HT MS HT MS---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1/4\ 6x19 0.85 0.83 0.70 0.72 0.49 0.51 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.1 0.74 0.76\5/16\ 6x19 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.1 0.76 0.79 2.0 2.0 1.6 1.7 1.1 1.2 \3/8\ 6x19 1.8 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.1 1.1 2.8 2.9 2.3 2.4 1.6 1.7\7/16\ 6x19 2.5 2.6 2.0 2.2 1.4 1.5 3.7 4.0 3.0 3.2 2.1 2.3 \1/2\ 6x19 3.2 3.4 2.6 2.8 1.8 2.0 4.8 5.1 3.9 4.2 2.8 3.0\9/16\ 6x19 4.0 4.3 3.2 3.5 2.3 2.5 6.0 6.5 4.9 5.3 3.4 3.7 \5/8\ 6x19 4.8 5.3 4.0 4.4 2.8 3.1 7.3 8.0 5.9 6.5 4.2 4.6 \3/4\ 6x19 6.8 7.6 5.5 6.2 3.9 4.4 10.0 11.0 8.3 9.3 5.8 6.6 \7/8\ 6x19 8.9 10.0 7.3 8.4 5.1 5.9 13.0 15.0 11.0 13.0 7.7 8.9 1 6x19 11.0 13.0 9.4 11.0 6.7 7.7 17.0 20.0 14.0 16.0 10.0 11.01\1/8\ 6x19 14.0 16.0 12.0 13.0 8.4 9.3 22.0 24.0 18.0 20.0 13.0 14.01\1/4\ 6x37 17.0 19.0 14.0 16.0 9.8 11.0 25.0 29.0 21.0 23.0 15.0 17.01\3/8\ 6x37 20.0 23.0 17.0 19.0 12.0 13.0 31.0 35.0 25.0 28.0 18.0 20.01\1/2\ 6x37 24.0 27.0 20.0 22.0 14.0 16.0 36.0 41.0 30.0 33.0 21.0 24.01\5/8\ 6x37 28.0 32.0 23.0 26.0 16.0 18.0 43.0 48.0 35.0 39.0 25.0 28.01\3/4\ 6x37 33.0 37.0 27.0 30.0 19.0 21.0 49.0 56.0 40.0 45.0 28.0 32.0 2 6x37 43.0 48.0 35.0 39.0 25.0 28.0 64.0 72.0 52.0 59.0 37.0 41.0----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------HT=Hand Tucked Splice. MS=Mechanical Splice.
Table N-184-8_Rated Capacities for 2-Leg and 3-Leg Bridle Slings 6x19 and 6x37 Classification Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope With Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC) [Horizontal angles shown in parentheses]---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rope Rated capacities, tons (2,000 lb)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2-Leg bridle slings 3-Leg bridle slings ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dia 30° 45° angle 60° 30° 45° angle 60° (in.) Constr (60°) ---------------- (30°) (60°) ---------------- (30°) ---------------- -------------------------------- --------------- HT MS HT MS HT MS HT MS HT MS HT MS---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1/4\ 6x19 0.92 0.97 0.75 0.79 0.53 0.56 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.2 0.79 0.84\5/16\ 6x19 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.2 0.81 0.87 2.1 2.3 1.7 1.8 1.2 1.3 \3/8\ 6x19 2.0 2.1 1.6 1.8 1.1 1.2 3.0 3.2 2.4 2.6 1.7 1.9\7/16\ 6x19 2.7 2.9 2.2 2.4 1.5 1.7 4.0 4.4 3.3 3.6 2.3 2.5 \1/2\ 6x19 3.4 3.8 2.8 3.1 2.0 2.2 5.1 5.7 4.2 4.6 3.0 3.3\9/16\ 6x19 4.3 4.8 3.5 3.9 2.5 2.7 6.4 7.1 5.2 5.8 3.7 4.1 \5/8\ 6x19 5.2 5.9 4.2 4.8 3.0 3.4 7.8 8.8 6.4 7.2 4.5 5.1 \3/4\ 6x19 7.3 8.4 5.9 6.9 4.2 4.9 11.0 13.0 8.9 10.0 6.3 7.3 \7/8\ 6x19 9.6 11.0 7.8 9.3 5.5 6.6 14.0 17.0 12.0 14.0 8.3 9.9 1 6x19 12.0 15.0 10.0 12.0 7.2 8.5 19.0 22.0 15.0 18.0 11.0 13.01\1/8\ 6x19 16.0 18.0 13.0 15.0 9.0 10.0 23.0 27.0 19.0 22.0 13.0 16.01\1/4\ 6x37 18.0 21.0 15.0 17.0 10.0 12.0 27.0 32.0 22.0 26.0 16.0 18.01\3/8\ 6x37 22.0 25.0 18.0 21.0 13.0 15.0 33.0 38.0 27.0 31.0 19.0 22.01\1/2\ 6x37 26.0 30.0 21.0 25.0 15.0 17.0 39.0 45.0 32.0 37.0 23.0 26.01\5/8\ 6x37 31.0 35.0 25.0 29.0 18.0 20.0 46.0 53.0 38.0 43.0 27.0 31.01\3/4\ 6x37 35.0 41.0 29.0 33.0 20.0 24.0 53.0 61.0 43.0 50.0 31.0 35.0 2 6x37 46.0 53.0 37.0 43.0 26.0 30.0 68.0 79.0 56.0 65.0 40.0 46.0----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------HT=Hand Tucked Splice. MS=Mechanical Splice.
Table N-184-9_Rated Capacities for 2-Leg and 3-Leg Bridle Slings Cable Laid Rope_Mechanical Splice Only 7x7x7 and 7x7x19 Constructions Galvanized Aircraft Grade Rope 7x6x19 IWRC Construction Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope [Horizontal angles shown in parentheses]---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rope Rated capacities, tons (2,000 lb)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2-Leg bridle sling 3-Leg bridle sling ------------------------------------------------------------- Dia (inches) Constr 30° 45° 60° 30° 45° 60° (60°) angle (30°) (60°) angle (30°)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\1/4\.......................... 7x7x7............ 0.87 0.71 0.50 1.3 1.1 0.75\3/8\.......................... 7x7x7............ 1.9 1.5 1.1 2.8 2.3 1.6\1/2\.......................... 7x7x7............ 3.2 2.6 1.8 4.8 3.9 2.8\5/8\.......................... 7x7x7............ 4.8 3.9 2.8 7.2 5.9 4.2\3/4\.......................... 7x7x7............ 6.6 5.4 3.8 9.9 8.1 3.7\5/8\.......................... 7x7x19........... 5.0 4.1 2.9 7.5 6.1 4.3\3/4\.......................... 7x7x19........... 7.0 5.7 4.1 10.0 8.6 6.1\7/8\.......................... 7x7x19........... 9.3 7.6 5.4 14.0 11.0 8.11.............................. 7x7x19........... 12.0 9.7 6.9 18.0 14.0 10.01\1/8\......................... 7x7x19........... 14.0 12.0 8.2 21.0 17.0 12.01\1/4\......................... 7x7x19........... 17.0 14.0 9.9 26.0 21.0 15.0\3/4\.......................... 7x6x19 IWRC...... 6.6 5.4 3.8 9.9 8.0 5.7\7/8\.......................... 7x6x19 IWRC...... 8.7 7.1 5.0 13.0 11.0 7.51.............................. 7x6x19 IWRC...... 11.0 9.0 6.4 17.0 13.0 9.61\1/8\......................... 7x6x19 IWRC...... 13.0 11.0 7.7 20.0 16.0 11.01\1/4\......................... 7x6x19 IWRC...... 16.0 13.0 9.2 24.0 20.0 14.01\5/16\........................ 7x6x19 IWRC...... 17.0 14.0 10.0 26.0 21.0 15.01\3/8\......................... 7x6x19 IWRC...... 19.0 15.0 11.0 28.0 23.0 16.01\1/2\......................... 7x6x19 IWRC...... 22.0 18.0 13.0 33.0 27.0 19.0----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table N-184-10_Rated Capacities for 2-Leg and 3-Leg Bridle Slings 8-Part and 6-Part Braided Rope 6x7 and 6x19 Construction Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope 7x7 Construction Galvanized Aircraft Grade Rope [Horizontal angles shown in parentheses]---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rope Rated capacities, tons (2,000 lb)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2-Leg bridle slings 3-Leg bridle slings ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 30° 45° angle 60° 30° 45° angle 60° Dia Constr (60°) ---------------- (30°) (60°) ------------------- (30°) (in.) ---------------- -------------------------------- ------------- 8-Part 6-Part 8-Part 6-Part 8- 6- 8-Part 6-Part 8-Part 6-Part 8-Part 6-Part Part Part----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\3/32\ 6x7 0.74 0.55 0.60 0.45 0.42 0.32 1.1 0.83 0.90 0.68 0.64 0.48 \1/8\ 6x7 1.3 0.98 1.1 0.80 0.76 0.57 2.0 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.1 0.85\3/16\ 6x7 2.9 2.2 2.4 1.8 1.7 1.3 4.4 3.3 3.6 2.7 2.5 1.9\3/32\ 7x7 0.89 0.67 0.72 0.55 0.51 0.39 1.3 1.0 1.1 0.82 0.77 0.58 \1/8\ 7x7 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.95 0.71 2.5 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.4 1.1\3/16\ 7x7 3.6 2.7 2.9 2.2 2.1 1.5 5.4 4.0 4.4 3.3 3.1 2.3\3/16\ 6x19 3.0 2.2 2.4 1.8 1.7 1.3 4.5 3.4 3.7 2.8 2.6 1.9 \1/4\ 6x19 5.3 4.0 4.3 3.2 3.1 2.3 8.0 6.0 6.5 4.9 4.6 3.4\5/16\ 6x19 8.3 6.2 6.7 5.0 4.8 3.6 12.0 9.3 10.0 7.6 7.1 5.4 \3/8\ 6x19 12.0 8.9 9.7 7.2 6.8 5.1 18.0 13.0 14.0 11.0 10.0 7.7\7/16\ 6x19 16.0 12.0 13.0 9.8 9.3 6.9 24.0 18.0 20.0 15.0 14.0 10.0 \1/2\ 6x19 21.0 15.0 17.0 13.0 12.0 9.0 31.0 23.0 25.0 19.0 18.0 13.0\9/16\ 6x19 26.0 20.0 21.0 16.0 15.0 11.0 39.0 29.0 32.0 24.0 23.0 17.0 \5/8\ 6x19 32.0 24.0 26.0 20.0 10.0 14.0 48.0 36.0 40.0 30.0 28.0 21.0 \3/4\ 6x19 46.0 35.0 38.0 28.0 27.0 20.0 69.0 52.0 56.0 42.0 40.0 30.0 \7/8\ 6x19 62.0 47.0 51.0 38.0 36.0 27.0 94.0 70.0 76.0 57.0 54.0 40.0 1 6x19 81.0 61.0 66.0 50.0 47.0 35.0 122.0 91.0 99.0 74.0 70.0 53.0----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table N-184-11_Rated Capacities for Strand Laid Grommet_Hand Tucked Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope------------------------------------------------------------------------ Rope body Rated capacities, tons (2,000 lb)------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vertical Dia (inches) Constr Vertical Choker basket \1\------------------------------------------------------------------------ \1/4\ 7x19 0.85 0.64 1.7 \5/16\ 7x19 1.3 1.0 2.6 \3/8\ 7x19 1.9 1.4 3.8 \7/16\ 7x19 2.6 1.9 5.2 \1/2\ 7x19 3.3 2.5 6.7 \9/16\ 7x19 4.2 3.1 8.4 \5/8\ 7x19 5.2 3.9 10.0 \3/4\ 7x19 7.4 5.6 15.0 \7/8\ 7x19 10.0 7.5 20.0 1 7x19 13.0 9.7 26.0 1\1/8\ 7x19 16.0 12.0 32.0 1\1/4\ 7x37 18.0 14.0 37.0 1\3/8\ 7x37 22.0 16.0 44.0 1\1/2\ 7x37 26.0 19.0 52.0------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ These values only apply when the D/d ratio is 5 or greater where: D=Diameter of curvature around which rope is bent. d=Diameter of rope body.
Table N-184-12_Rated Capacities for Cable Laid Grommet_Hand Tucked 7x6x7 and 7x6x19 Constructions Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope 7x7x7 Construction Galvanized Aircraft Grade Rope------------------------------------------------------------------------ Cable body Rated capacities, tons (2,000 lb)------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vertical Dia (inches) Constr Vertical Choker basket \1\------------------------------------------------------------------------ \3/8\ 7x6x7 1.3 0.95 2.5 \9/16\ 7x6x7 2.8 2.1 5.6 \5/8\ 7x6x7 3.8 2.8 7.6 \3/8\ 7x7x7 1.6 1.2 3.2 \9/16\ 7x7x7 3.5 2.6 6.9 \5/8\ 7x7x7 4.5 3.4 9.0 \5/8\ 7x6x19 3.9 3.0 7.9 \3/4\ 7x6x19 5.1 3.8 10.0 \15/16\ 7x6x19 7.9 5.9 16.0 1\1/8\ 7x6x19 11.0 8.4 22.0 1\5/16\ 7x6x19 15.0 11.0 30.0 1\1/2\ 7x6x19 19.0 14.0 39.0 1\11/16\ 7x6x19 24.0 18.0 49.0 1\7/8\ 7x6x19 30.0 22.0 60.0 2\1/4\ 7x6x19 42.0 31.0 84.0 2\5/8\ 7x6x19 56.0 42.0 112.0------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ These values only apply when the D/d ratio is 5 or greater where: D=Diameter of curvature around which cable body is bent. d=Diameter of cable body.
Table N-184-13_Rated Capacities for Strand Laid Endless Slings_Mechanical Joint Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope------------------------------------------------------------------------ Rope body Rated capacities, tons (2,000 lb)------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vertical Dia (inches) Constr Vertical Choker basket \1\------------------------------------------------------------------------ \1/4\ \2\ 6x19 0.92 0.69 1.8 \3/8\ \2\ 6x19 2.0 1.5 4.1 \1/2\ \2\ 6x19 3.6 2.7 7.2 \5/8\ \2\ 6x19 5.6 4.2 11.0 \3/4\ \2\ 6x19 8.0 6.0 16.0 \7/8\ \2\ 6x19 11.0 8.1 21.0 1 \2\ 6x19 14.0 10.0 28.0 1\1/8\ \2\ 6x19 18.0 13.0 35.0 1\1/4\ \2\ 6x37 21.0 15.0 41.0 1\3/8\ \2\ 6x37 25.0 19.0 50.0 1\1/2\ \2\ 6x37 29.0 22.0 59.0------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ These values only apply when the D/d ratio is 5 or greater where: D=Diameter of curvature around which rope is bent. d=Diameter of rope body.\2\ IWRC.
Table N-184-14_Rated Capacities for Cable Laid Endless Slings_Mechanical Joint 7x7x7 and 7x7x19 Constructions Galvanized Aircraft Grade Rope 7x6x19 IWRC Construction Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope------------------------------------------------------------------------ Cable body Rated capacities, tons (2,000 lb)------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vertical Dia (inches) Constr Vertical Choker basket \1\------------------------------------------------------------------------ \1/4\ 7x7x7 0.83 0.62 1.6 \3/8\ 7x7x7 1.8 1.3 3.5 \1/2\ 7x7x7 3.0 2.3 6.1 \5/8\ 7x7x7 4.5 3.4 9.1 \3/4\ 7x7x7 6.3 4.7 12.0 \5/8\ 7x7x19 4.7 3.5 9.5 \3/4\ 7x7x19 6.7 5.0 13.0 \7/8\ 7x7x19 8.9 6.6 18.0 1 7x7x19 11.0 8.5 22.0 1\1/8\ 7x7x19 14.0 10.0 28.0 1\1/4\ 7x7x19 17.0 12.0 33.0 \3/4\ \2\ 7x6x19 6.2 4.7 12.0 \7/8\ \2\ 7x6x19 8.3 6.2 16.0 1 \2\ 7x6x19 10.0 7.9 21.0 1\1/8\ \2\ 7x6x19 13.0 9.7 26.0 1\1/4\ \2\ 7x6x19 16.0 12.0 31.0 1\3/8\ \2\ 7x6x19 18.0 14.0 37.0 1\1/2\ \2\ 7x6x19 22.0 16.0 43.0------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ These values only apply when the D/d value is 5 or greater where: D=Diameter of curvature around which cable body is bent. d=Diameter of cable body.\2\ IWRC.
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(5) Removal from service. Wire rope slings shall be immediately removed from service if any of the following conditions are present:
(i) Ten randomly distributed broken wires in one rope lay, or five broken wires in one strand in one rope lay.
(ii) Wear or scraping of one-third the original diameter of outside individual wires.
(iii) Kinking, crushing, bird caging or any other damage resulting in distortion of the wire rope structure.
(iv) Evidence of heat damage.
(v) End attachments that are cracked, deformed or worn.
(vi) Hooks that have been opened more than 15 percent of the normal throat opening measured at the narrowest point or twisted more than 10 degrees from the plane of the unbent hook.
(vii) Corrosion of the rope or end attachments.
(g) Metal mesh slings—(1) Sling marking. Each metal mesh sling shall have permanently affixed to it a durable marking that states the rated capacity for vertical basket hitch and choker hitch loadings.
(2) Handles. Handles shall have a rated capacity at least equal to the metal fabric and exhibit no deformation after proof testing.
(3) Attachments of handles to fabric. The fabric and handles shall be joined so that:
(i) The rated capacity of the sling is not reduced.
(ii) The load is evenly distributed across the width of the fabric.
(iii) Sharp edges will not damage the fabric.
(4) Sling coatings. Coatings which diminish the rated capacity of a sling shall not be applied.
(5) Sling testing. All new and repaired metal mesh slings, including handles, shall not be used unless proof tested by the manufacturer or equivalent entity at a minimum of 11/2 times their rated capacity. Elastomer impregnated slings shall be proof tested before coating.
(6) Proper use of metal mesh slings. Metal mesh slings shall not be used to lift loads in excess of their rated capacities as prescribed in Table N–184–15. Slings not included in this table shall be used only in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
(7) Safe operating temperatures. Metal mesh slings which are not impregnated with elastomers may be used in a temperature range from minus 20 °F to plus 550 °F without decreasing the working load limit. Metal mesh slings impregnated with polyvinyl chloride or neoprene may be used only in a temperature range from zero degrees to plus 200 °F. For operations outside these temperature ranges or for metal mesh slings impregnated with other materials, the sling manufacturer's recommendations shall be followed.
(8) Repairs. (i) Metal mesh slings which are repaired shall not be used unless repaired by a metal mesh sling manufacturer or an equivalent entity.
(ii) Once repaired, each sling shall be permanently marked or tagged, or a written record maintained, to indicate the date and nature of the repairs and the person or organization that performed the repairs. Records of repairs shall be made available for examination.
(9) Removal from service. Metal mesh slings shall be immediately removed from service if any of the following conditions are present:
(i) A broken weld or broken brazed joint along the sling edge.
(ii) Reduction in wire diameter of 25 per cent due to abrasion or 15 per cent due to corrosion.
(iii) Lack of flexibility due to distortion of the fabric.
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Table N-184-15_Rated Capacities Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel Metal Mesh Slings [Horizontal angles shown in parentheses]------------------------------------------------------------------------ Effect of angle on rated capacities Sling in basket hitch width in Vertical Vertical -------------------------------------- inches or choker basket 30° 45° 60° (60°) (45°) (30°)------------------------------------------------------------------------ Heavy Duty-10 Ga 35 Spirals/Ft of sling width------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 1,500 3,000 2,600 2,100 1,500 3 2,700 5,400 4,700 3,800 2,700 4 4,000 8,000 6,900 5,600 4,000 6 6,000 12,000 10,400 8,400 6,000 8 8,000 16,000 13,800 11,300 8,000 10 10,000 20,000 17,000 14,100 10,000 12 12,000 24,000 20,700 16,900 12,000 14 14,000 28,000 24,200 19,700 14,000 16 16,000 32,000 27,700 22,600 16,000 18 18,000 36,000 31,100 25,400 18,000 20 20,000 40,000 34,600 28,200 20,000------------------------------------------------------------------------ Medium Duty-12 Ga 43 Spirals/Ft of sling width------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 1,350 2,700 2,300 1,900 1,400 3 2,000 4,000 3,500 2,800 2,000 4 2,700 5,400 4,700 3,800 2,700 6 4,500 9,000 7,800 6,400 4,500 8 6,000 12,000 10,400 8,500 6,000 10 7,500 15,000 13,000 10,600 7,500 12 9,000 18,000 15,600 12,700 9,000 14 10,500 21,000 18,200 14,800 10,500 16 12,000 24,000 20,800 17,000 12,000 18 13,500 27,000 23,400 19,100 13,500 20 15,000 30,000 26,000 21,200 15,000------------------------------------------------------------------------ Light Duty-14 Ga 59 Spirals/Ft of sling width------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 900 1,800 1,600 1,300 900 3 1,400 2,800 2,400 2,000 1,400 4 2,000 4,000 3,500 2,800 2,000 6 3,000 6,000 5,200 4,200 3,000 8 4,000 8,000 6,900 5,700 4,000 10 5,000 10,000 8,600 7,100 5,000 12 6,000 12,000 10,400 8,500 6,000 14 7,000 14,000 12,100 9,900 7,000 16 8,000 16,000 13,900 11,300 8,000 18 9,000 18,000 15,600 12,700 9,000 20 10,000 20,000 17,300 14,100 10,000------------------------------------------------------------------------
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(iv) Distortion of the female handle so that the depth of the slot is increased more than 10 per cent.
(v) Distortion of either handle so that the width of the eye is decreased more than 10 per cent.
(vi) A 15 percent reduction of the original cross sectional area of metal at any point around the handle eye.
(vii) Distortion of either handle out of its plane.
(h) Natural and synthetic fiber rope slings—(1) Sling use. (i) Fiber rope slings made from conventional three strand construction fiber rope shall not be used with loads in excess of the rated capacities prescribed in Tables N–184–16 through N–184–19.
(ii) Fiber rope slings shall have a diameter of curvature meeting at least the minimums specified in Figs. N–184–4 and N–184–5.
(iii) Slings not included in these tables shall be used only in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
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Table N-184-16_Manila Rope Slings [Angle of rope to vertical shown in parentheses]-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Eye and eye sling Endless sling Rope Nominal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dia. wt. per Basket hitch; Angle of rope to horizontal Basket hitch; Angle of rope to horizontal nominal 100 ft Vertical Choker ----------------------------------------------- Vertical Choker -------------------------------------------- in in hitch hitch 90° 60° 45° 30° hitch hitch 90° 60° 45° 30° inches pounds (0°) (30°) (45°) (60°) (0°) (30°) (45°) (60°)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1/2\ 7.5 480 240 960 830 680 480 865 430 1,730 1,500 1,220 865 \9/16\ 10.4 620 310 1,240 1,070 875 620 1,120 560 2,230 1,930 1,580 1,120 \5/8\ 13.3 790 395 1,580 1,370 1,120 790 1,420 710 2,840 2,460 2,010 1,420 \3/4\ 16.7 970 485 1,940 1,680 1,370 970 1,750 875 3,490 3,020 2,470 1,750 \13/16\ 19.5 1,170 585 2,340 2,030 1,650 1,170 2,110 1,050 4,210 3,650 2,980 2,110 \7/8\ 22.5 1,390 695 2,780 2,410 1,970 1,390 2,500 1,250 5,000 4,330 3,540 2,500 1 27.0 1,620 810 3,240 2,810 2,290 1,620 2,920 1,460 5,830 5,050 4,120 2,920 1\1/16\ 31.3 1,890 945 3,780 3,270 2,670 1,890 3,400 1,700 6,800 5,890 4,810 3,400 1\1/8\ 36.0 2,160 1,080 4,320 3,740 3,050 2,160 3,890 1,940 7,780 6,730 5,500 3,890 1\1/4\ 41.7 2,430 1,220 4,860 4,210 3,440 2,430 4,370 2,190 8,750 7,580 6,190 4,370 1\5/16\ 47.9 2,700 1,350 5,400 4,680 3,820 2,700 4,860 2,430 9,720 8,420 6,870 4,860 1\1/2\ 59.9 3,330 1,670 6,660 5,770 4,710 3,330 5,990 3,000 12,000 10,400 8,480 5,990 1\5/8\ 74.6 4,050 2,030 8,100 7,010 5,730 4,050 7,290 3,650 14,600 12,600 10,300 7,290 1\3/4\ 89.3 4,770 2,390 9,540 8,260 6,740 4,770 8,590 4,290 17,200 14,900 12,100 8,590 2 107.5 5,580 2,790 11,200 9,660 7,890 5,580 10,000 5,020 20,100 17,400 14,200 10,000 2\1/8\ 125.0 6,480 3,240 13,000 11,200 9,160 6,480 11,700 5,830 23,300 2,0,200 16,500 11,700 2\1/4\ 146.0 7,380 3,690 14,800 12,800 10,400 7,380 13,300 6,640 26,600 23,000 18,800 13,300 2\1/2\ 166.7 8,370 4,190 16,700 14,500 11,800 8,370 15,100 7,530 30,100 26,100 21,300 15,100 2\5/8\ 190.8 9,360 4,680 18,700 16,200 13,200 9,360 16,800 8,420 33,700 29,200 23,800 16,800--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------See Figs. N-184-4 and N-184-5 for sling configuration descriptions.
Table N-184-17_Nylon Rope Slings [Angle of rope to vertical shown in parentheses]-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Eye and eye sling Endless sling Rope Nominal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dia. wt. per Basket hitch; Angle of rope to horizontal Basket hitch; Angle of rope to horizontal nominal 100 ft Vertical Choker ----------------------------------------------- Vertical Choker -------------------------------------------- in in hitch hitch 90° 60° 45° 30° hitch hitch 90° 60° 45° 30° inches pounds (0°) (30°) (45°) (60°) (0°) (30°) (45°) (60°)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1/2\ 6.5 635 320 1,270 1,100 900 635 1,140 570 2,290 1,980 1,620 1,140 \9/16\ 8.3 790 395 1,580 1,370 1,120 790 1,420 710 2,840 2,460 2,010 1,420 \5/8\ 10.5 1,030 515 2,060 1,780 1,460 1,030 1,850 925 3,710 3,210 2,620 1,850 \3/4\ 14.5 1,410 705 2,820 2,440 1,990 1,410 2,540 1,270 5,080 4,400 3,590 2,540 \13/16\ 17.0 1,680 840 3,360 2,910 2,380 1,680 3,020 1,510 6,050 5,240 4,280 3,020 \7/8\ 20.0 1,980 990 3,960 3,430 2,800 1,980 3,560 1,780 7,130 6,170 5,040 3,560 1 26.0 2,480 1,240 4,960 4,300 3,510 2,480 4,460 2,230 8,930 7,730 6,310 4,460 1\1/16\ 29.0 2,850 1,430 5,700 4,940 4,030 2,850 5,130 2,570 10,300 8,890 7,260 5,130 1\1/8\ 34.0 3,270 1,640 6,540 5,660 4,620 3,270 5,890 2,940 11,800 10,200 8,330 5,890 1\1/4\ 40.0 3,710 1,860 7,420 6,430 5,250 3,710 6,680 3,340 13,400 11,600 9,450 6,680 1\5/16\ 45.0 4,260 2,130 8,520 7,380 6,020 4,260 7,670 3,830 15,300 13,300 10,800 7,670 1\1/2\ 55.0 5,250 2,630 10,500 9,090 7,420 5,250 9,450 4,730 18,900 16,400 13,400 9,450 1\5/8\ 68.0 6,440 3,220 12,900 11,200 9,110 6,440 11,600 5,800 23,200 20,100 16,400 11,600 1\3/4\ 83.0 7,720 3,860 15,400 13,400 10,900 7,720 13,900 6,950 27,800 24,100 19,700 13,900 2 95.0 9,110 4,560 18,200 15,800 12,900 9,110 16,400 8,200 32,800 28,400 23,200 16,400 2\1/8\ 109.0 10,500 5,250 21,000 18,200 14,800 10,500 18,900 9,450 37,800 32,700 26,700 18,900 2\1/4\ 129.0 12,400 6,200 24,800 21,500 17,500 12,400 22,300 11,200 44,600 38,700 31,600 22,300 2\1/2\ 149.0 13,900 6,950 27,800 24,100 19,700 13,900 25,000 12,500 50,000 43,300 35,400 25,000 2\5/8\ 168.0 16,000 8,000 32,000 27,700 22,600 16,000 28,800 14,400 57,600 49,900 40,700 28,800--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------See Figs. N-184-4 and N-184-5 for sling configuration descriptions.
Table N-184-18_Polyester Rope Slings [Angle of rope to vertical shown in parentheses]-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Eye and eye sling Endless sling Rope Nominal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dia. wt. per Basket hitch; Angle of rope to horizontal Basket hitch; Angle of rope to horizontal nominal 100 ft Vertical Choker ----------------------------------------------- Vertical Choker -------------------------------------------- in in hitch hitch 90° 60° 45° 30° hitch hitch 90° 60° 45° 30° inches pounds (0°) (30°) (45°) (60°) (0°) (30°) (45°) (60°)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1/2\ 8.0 635 320 1,270 1,100 900 635 1,140 570 2,290 1,980 1,620 1,140 \9/16\ 10.2 790 395 1,580 1,370 1,120 790 1,420 710 2,840 2,460 2,010 1,420 \5/8\ 13.0 990 495 1,980 1,710 1,400 990 1,780 890 3,570 3,090 2,520 1,780 \3/4\ 17.5 1,240 620 2,480 2,150 1,750 1,240 2,230 1,120 4,470 3,870 3,160 2,230 \13/16\ 21.0 1,540 770 3,080 2,670 2,180 1,540 2,770 1,390 5,540 4,800 3,920 2,770 \7/8\ 25.0 1,780 890 3,560 3,080 2,520 1,780 3,200 1,600 6,410 5,550 4,530 3,200 1 30.5 2,180 1,090 4,360 3,780 3,080 2,180 3,920 2,960 7,850 6,800 5,550 3,920 1\1/16\ 34.5 2,530 1,270 5,060 4,380 3,580 2,530 4,550 2,280 9,110 7,990 6,440 4,550 1\1/8\ 40.0 2,920 1,460 5,840 5,060 4,130 2,920 5,260 2,630 10,500 9,100 7,440 5,260 1\1/4\ 46.3 3,290 1,650 6,580 5,700 4,650 3,290 5,920 2,960 11,800 10,300 8,380 5,920 1\5/16\ 52.5 3,710 1,860 7,420 6,430 5,250 3,710 6,680 3,340 13,400 11,600 9,450 6,680 1\1/2\ 66.8 4,630 2,320 9,260 8,020 6,550 4,630 8,330 4,170 16,700 14,400 11,800 8,330 1\5/8\ 82.0 5,640 2,820 11,300 9,770 7,980 5,640 10,200 5,080 20,300 17,600 14,400 10,200 1\3/4\ 98.0 6,710 3,360 13,400 11,600 9,490 6,710 12,100 6,040 24,200 20,900 17,100 12,100 2 118.0 7,920 3,960 15,800 13,700 11,200 7,920 14,300 7,130 28,500 24,700 20,200 14,300 2\1/8\ 135.0 9,110 4,460 18,200 15,800 12,900 9,110 16,400 8,200 32,800 28,400 23,200 16,400 2\1/4\ 157.0 10,600 5,300 21,200 18,400 15,000 10,600 19,100 9,540 38,200 33,100 27,000 19,100 2\1/2\ 181.0 12,100 6,050 24,200 21,000 17,100 12,100 21,800 10,900 43,600 37,700 30,800 21,800 2\5/8\ 205.0 13,600 6,800 27,200 23,600 19,200 13,600 24,500 12,200 49,000 42,400 34,600 24,500--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------See Figs. N-184-4 and N-184-5 for sling configuration descriptions.
Table N-184-19_Polypropylene Rope Slings [Angle of rope to vertical shown in parentheses]-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Eye and eye sling Endless sling Rope Nominal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dia. wt. per Basket hitch; Angle of rope to horizontal Basket hitch; Angle of rope to horizontal nominal 100 ft Vertical Choker ----------------------------------------------- Vertical Choker -------------------------------------------- in in hitch hitch 90° 60° 45° 30° hitch hitch 90° 60° 45° 30° inches pounds (0°) (30°) (45°) (60°) (0°) (30°) (45°) (60°)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1/2\ 4.7 645 325 1,290 1,120 910 645 1,160 580 2,320 2,010 1,640 1,160 \9/16\ 6.1 780 390 1,560 1,350 1,100 780 1,400 700 2,810 2,430 1,990 1,400 \5/8\ 7.5 950 475 1,900 1,650 1,340 950 1,710 855 3,420 2,960 2,420 1,710 \3/4\ 10.7 1,300 650 2,600 2,250 1,840 1,300 2,340 1,170 4,680 4,050 3,310 2,340\13/16\ 12.7 1,520 760 3,040 2,630 2,150 1,520 2,740 1,370 5,470 4,740 3,870 2,740 \7/8\ 15.0 1,760 880 3,520 3,050 2,490 1,760 3,170 1,580 6,340 5,490 4,480 3,170 1 18.0 2,140 1,070 4,280 3,700 3,030 2,140 3,850 1,930 7,700 6,670 5,450 3,8601\1/16\ 20.4 2,450 1,230 4,900 4,240 3,460 2,450 4,410 2,210 8,820 7,640 6,240 4,410 1\1/8\ 23.7 2,800 1,400 5,600 4,850 3,960 2,800 5,040 2,520 10,100 8,730 7,130 5,400 1\1/4\ 27.0 3,210 1,610 6,420 5,560 4,540 3,210 5,780 2,890 11,600 10,000 8,170 5,7801\5/16\ 30.5 3,600 1,800 7,200 6,240 5,090 3,600 6,480 3,240 13,000 11,200 9,170 6,480 1\1/2\ 38.5 4,540 2,270 9,080 7,860 6,420 4,540 8,170 4,090 16,300 14,200 11,600 8,170 1\5/8\ 47.5 5,510 2,760 11,000 9,540 7,790 5,510 9,920 4,960 19,800 17,200 14,000 9,920 1\3/4\ 57.0 6,580 3,290 13,200 11,400 9,300 6,580 11,800 5,920 23,700 20,500 16,800 11,800 2 69.0 7,960 3,980 15,900 13,800 11,300 7,960 14,300 7,160 28,700 24,800 20,300 14,300 2\1/8\ 80.0 9,330 4,670 18,700 16,200 13,200 9,330 16,800 8,400 33,600 29,100 23,800 16,800 2\1/4\ 92.0 10,600 5,300 21,200 18,400 15,000 10,600 19,100 9,540 38,200 33,100 27,000 19,100 2\1/2\ 107.0 12,200 6,100 24,400 21,100 17,300 12,200 22,000 11,000 43,900 38,000 31,100 22,000 2\5/8\ 120.0 13,800 6,900 27,600 23,900 19,600 13,800 24,800 12,400 49,700 43,000 35,100 24,800--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------See Figs. N-184-4 and N-184-5 for sling configuration descriptions.
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(2) Safe operating temperatures. Natural and synthetic fiber rope slings, except for wet frozen slings, may be used in a temperature range from minus 20 °F to plus 180 °F without decreasing the working load limit. For operations outside this temperature range and for wet frozen slings, the sling manufacturer's recommendations shall be followed.
(3) Splicing. Spliced fiber rope slings shall not be used unless they have been spliced in accordance with the following minimum requirements and in accordance with any additional recommendations of the manufacturer:
(i) In manila rope, eye splices shall consist of at least three full tucks, and short splices shall consist of at least six full tucks, three on each side of the splice center line.
(ii) In synthetic fiber rope, eye splices shall consist of at least four full tucks, and short splices shall consist of at least eight full tucks, four on each side of the center line.
(iii) Strand end tails shall not be trimmed flush with the surface of the rope immediately adjacent to the full tucks. This applies to all types of fiber rope and both eye and short splices. For fiber rope under one inch in diameter, the tail shall project at least six rope diameters beyond the last full tuck. For fiber rope one inch in diameter and larger, the tail shall project at least six inches beyond the last full tuck. Where a projecting tail interferes with the use of the sling, the tail shall be tapered and spliced into the body of the rope using at least two additional tucks (which will require a tail length of approximately six rope diameters beyond the last full tuck).
(iv) Fiber rope slings shall have a minimum clear length of rope between eye splices equal to 10 times the rope diameter.
(v) Knots shall not be used in lieu of splices.
(vi) Clamps not designed specifically for fiber ropes shall not be used for splicing.
(vii) For all eye splices, the eye shall be of such size to provide an included angle of not greater than 60 degrees at the splice when the eye is placed over the load or support.
(4) End attachments. Fiber rope slings shall not be used if end attachments in contact with the rope have sharp edges or projections.
(5) Removal from service. Natural and synthetic fiber rope slings shall be immediately removed from service if any of the following conditions are present:
(i) Abnormal wear.
(ii) Powdered fiber between strands.
(iii) Broken or cut fibers.
(iv) Variations in the size or roundness of strands.
(v) Discoloration or rotting.
(vi) Distortion of hardware in the sling.
(6) Repairs. Only fiber rope slings made from new rope shall be used. Use of repaired or reconditioned fiber rope slings is prohibited.
(i) Synthetic web slings—(1) Sling identification. Each sling shall be marked or coded to show the rated capacities for each type of hitch and type of synthetic web material.
(2) Webbing. Synthetic webbing shall be of uniform thickness and width and selvage edges shall not be split from the webbing's width.
(3) Fittings. Fittings shall be:
(i) Of a minimum breaking strength equal to that of the sling; and
(ii) Free of all sharp edges that could in any way damage the webbing.
(4) Attachment of end fittings to webbing and formation of eyes. Stitching shall be the only method used to attach end fittings to webbing and to form eyes. The thread shall be in an even pattern and contain a sufficient number of stitches to develop the full breaking strength of the sling.
(5) Sling use. Synthetic web slings illustrated in Fig. N–184–6 shall not be used with loads in excess of the rated capacities specified in Tables N–184–20 through N–184–22. Slings not included in these tables shall be used only in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
(6) Environmental conditions. When synthetic web slings are used, the following precautions shall be taken:
(i) Nylon web slings shall not be used where fumes, vapors, sprays, mists or liquids of acids or phenolics are present.
(ii) Polyester and polypropylene web slings shall not be used where fumes, vapors, sprays, mists or liquids of caustics are present.
(iii) Web slings with aluminum fittings shall not be used where fumes, vapors, sprays, mists or liquids of caustics are present.
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Table N-184-20_Synthetic Web Slings_1,000 Pounds per Inch of Width_Single-Ply [Rated capacity in pounds]------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Triangle_Choker slings, type I: Triangle_Triangle Endless slings, type V Return eye slings, type VI slings, type II: Eye and eye with flat eye slings, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- type III: Eye and eye with twisted eye slings, Sling body width, inches type IV ---------------------------------------------------- Vert. Choker Vert. 30° 45° 60° Vert. Choker Vert. 30° 45° 60° Vert. 30° 45° 60° basket basket basket basket basket basket basket basket Vert. Choker basket basket basket basket------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1................................... 1,000 750 2,000 1,700 1,400 1,000 1,600 1,300 3,200 2,800 2,300 1,600 800 650 1,600 1,400 1,150 8002................................... 2,000 1,500 4,000 3,500 2,800 2,000 3,200 2,600 6,400 5,500 4,500 3,200 1,600 1,300 3,200 2,800 2,300 1,6003................................... 3,000 2,200 6,000 5,200 4,200 3,000 4,800 3,800 9,600 8,300 6,800 4,800 2,400 1,950 4,800 4,150 3,400 2,4004................................... 4,000 3,000 8,000 6,900 5,700 4,000 6,400 5,100 12,800 11,100 9,000 6,400 3,200 2,600 6,400 5,500 4,500 3,2005................................... 5,000 3,700 10,000 8,700 7,100 5,000 8,000 6,400 16,000 13,900 11,300 8,000 4,000 3,250 8,000 6,900 5,650 4,0006................................... 6,000 4,500 12,000 10,400 8,500 6,000 9,600 7,700 19,200 16,600 13,600 9,600 4,800 3,800 9,600 8,300 6,800 4,800------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Notes: 1. All angles shown are measured from the vertical.2. Capacities for intermediate widths not shown may be obtained by interpolation.
Table N-184-21_Synthetic Web Slings_1,200 Pounds per Inch of Width_Single-ply [Rated capacity in pounds]------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Triangle_Choker slings, type I: Triangle_Triangle Endless slings, type V Return eye slings, type VI slings, type II: Eye and eye with flat eye slings, ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- type III: Eye and eye with twisted eye slings, type Sling body width, inches IV ----------------------------------------------------- Vert. Choker Vert. 30° 45° 60° Vert. Choker Vert. 30° 45° 60° Vert. 30° 45° 60° basket basket basket basket basket basket basket basket Vert. Choker basket basket basket basket------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1.............................. 1,200 900 2,400 2,100 1,700 1,200 1,900 1,500 3,800 3,300 2,700 1,900 950 750 1,900 1,650 1,350 9502.............................. 2,400 1,800 4,800 4,200 3,400 2,400 3,800 3,000 7,600 6,600 5,400 3,800 1,900 1,500 3,800 3,300 2,700 1,9003.............................. 3,600 2,700 7,200 6,200 5,100 3,600 5,800 4,600 11,600 10,000 8,200 5,800 2,850 2,250 5,700 4,950 4,050 2,8504.............................. 4,800 3,600 9,600 8,300 6,800 4,800 7,700 6,200 15,400 13,300 10,900 7,700 3,800 3,000 7,600 6,600 5,400 3,8005.............................. 6,000 4,500 12,000 10,400 8,500 6,000 9,600 7,700 19,200 16,600 13,600 9,600 4,750 3,750 9,500 8,250 6,750 4,7506.............................. 7,200 5,400 14,400 12,500 10,200 7,200 11,500 9,200 23,000 19,900 16,300 11,500 5,800 4,600 11,600 10,000 8,200 5,800------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Notes: 1. All angles shown are measured from the vertical.2. Capacities for intermediate widths not shown may be obtained by interpolation.
Table N-184-22_Synthetic Web Slings_1,600 Pounds per Inch of Width_Single-Ply [Rated capacity in pounds]------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Triangle_Choker slings, type I: Triangle_Triangle Endless slings, type V Return eye slings, type VI slings, type II: Eye and eye with flat eye slings, ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- type III: Eye and eye with twisted eye slings, Sling body width, inches type IV ---------------------------------------------------- Vert. Choker Vert. 30° 45° 60° Vert. Choker Vert. 30° 45° 60° Vert. 30° 45° 60° basket basket basket basket basket basket basket basket Vert. Choker basket basket basket basket------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1............................... 1,600 1,200 3,200 2,800 2,300 1,600 2,600 2,100 5,200 4,500 3,700 2,600 1,050 1,050 2,600 2,250 1,850 1,3002............................... 3,200 2,400 6,400 5,500 4,500 3,200 5,100 4,100 10,200 8,800 7,200 5,100 2,600 2,100 5,200 4,500 3,700 2,6003............................... 4,800 3,600 9,600 8,300 6,800 4,800 7,700 6,200 15,400 13,300 10,900 7,700 3,900 3,150 7,800 6,750 5,500 3,9004............................... 6,400 4,800 12,800 11,100 9,000 6,400 10,100 8,200 20,400 17,700 14,400 10,200 5,100 4,100 10,200 8,800 7,200 5,1005............................... 8,000 6,000 16,000 13,800 11,300 8,000 12,800 10,200 25,600 22,200 18,100 12,800 6,400 5,150 12,800 11,050 9,050 6,4006............................... 9,600 7,200 19,200 16,600 13,600 9,600 15,400 12,300 30,800 26,700 21,800 15,400 7,700 6,200 15,400 13,300 10,900 7,700------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Notes: 1. All angles shown are measured from the vertical.2. Capacities for intermediate widths not shown may be obtained by interpolation.
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(7) Safe operating temperatures. Synthetic web slings of polyester and nylon shall not be used at temperatures in excess of 180 °F. Polypropylene web slings shall not be used at temperatures in excess of 200 °F.
(8) Repairs. (i) Synthetic web slings which are repaired shall not be used unless repaired by a sling manufacturer or an equivalent entity.
(ii) Each repaired sling shall be proof tested by the manufacturer or equivalent entity to twice the rated capacity prior to its return to service. The employer shall retain a certificate of the proof test and make it available for examination.
(iii) Slings, including webbing and fittings, which have been repaired in a temporary manner shall not be used.
(9) Removal from service. Synthetic web slings shall be immediately removed from service if any of the following conditions are present:
(i) Acid or caustic burns;
(ii) Melting or charring of any part of the sling surface;
(iii) Snags, punctures, tears or cuts;
(iv) Broken or worn stitches; or
(v) Distortion of fittings.
[40 FR 27369, June 27, 1975, as amended at 40 FR 31598, July 28, 1975; 41 FR 13353, Mar. 30, 1976; 58 FR 35309, June 30, 1993; 61 FR 9240, Mar. 7, 1996]
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