46 C.F.R. Subpart 54.01—General Requirements
Title 46 - Shipping
Title 46: Shipping
PART 54—PRESSURE VESSELS
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Subpart 54.01—General Requirements
§ 54.01-1 Incorporation by reference.
(a) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a). To enforce any edition other than that specified in paragraph (b) of this section, the Coast Guard must publish notice of change in the Federal Register and make the material available to the public. All approved material is on file at the U.S. Coast Guard, Office of Design and Engineering Standards (G-MSE), 2100 Second Street SW., Washington, DC 20593–0001 and is available from the sources indicated in paragraph (b) of this section or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202–741–6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.php.
(b) The material approved for incorporation by reference in this part and the sections affected are:
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) International
Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016–5990
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, section VIII, Division 1, Pressure Vessels, July 1989 with 1989 addenda 54.01–2; 54.01–5; 54.01–15; 54.01–18; 54.01–25; 54.01–30; 54.01–35; 54.03–1; 54.03–5; 54.05–1; 54.10–1; 54.10–3; 54.10–5; 54.10–10; 54.10–15; 54.15–1; 54.15–5; 54.15–10; 54.15–13; 54.20–1; 54.20–3; 54.25–1; 54.25–3; 54.25–5; 54.25–8; 54.25–10; 54.25–15; 54.25–20; 54.25–25; 54.30–3; 54.30–5; 54.30–10
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428–2959.
ASTM A 20/A 20M–97a, Standard Specification for General Requirements for Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels54.05–10; 54.25–10ASTM A 203/A 203M–97, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Nickel54.05–20ASTM A 370–97a, Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products54.25–20ASTM E 23–96, Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials54.05–5ASTM E 208–95a, Standard Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic Steels54.05–5
Compressed Gas Association (CGA)
500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10036
S–1.2, Safety Relief Device Standards—Cargo and Portable Tanks for Compressed Gases, 1979 54.15–25S–1.2.5.2, Flow Test of Safety Relief Valves, 197954.15–10
Manufacturers Standardization Society (MSS)
127 Park Street, NE. Vienna, VA 22180
SP–25, Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings, Flanges and Unions, 1978 54.01–25
[CGD 88–032, 56 FR 35822, July 29, 1991 as amended by CGD 95–072, 60 FR 50462, Sept. 29, 1995; CGD 95–027, 61 FR 26000, May 23, 1996; CGD 96–041, 61 FR 50727, Sept. 27, 1996; CGD 97–057, 62 FR 51044, Sept. 30, 1997; USCG–1999–6216, 64 FR 53224, Oct. 1, 1999; USCG–1999–5151, 64 FR 67177, Dec. 1, 1999; USCG–2002–13058, 67 FR 61278, Sept. 30, 2002]
§ 54.01-2 Adoption of division 1 of section VIII of the ASME Code.
(a) Pressure vessels shall be designed, constructed, and inspected in accordance with division 1 of section VIII of the ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Code, as limited, modified, or replaced by specific requirements in this part. The provisions in the appendices to division 1 of section VIII of the ASME Code are adopted and shall be followed when the requirements in section VIII make them mandatory. For general information Table 54.01–1(a) lists the various paragraphs in division 1 of section VIII of the ASME Code which are limited, modified, or replaced by regulations in this part.
Table 54.01-1(a)_Limitations and Modifications in the Adoption of Division 1 of Section VIII, ASME Code------------------------------------------------------------------------ Paragraphs in Section VIII, ASME Code \1\ and disposition Unit of this part------------------------------------------------------------------------U-1 and U-2 modified by................... 54.01-5 through 54.01-16.U-1(c) replaced by........................ 54.01-5.U-1(d) replaced by........................ 54.01-5(a) and 54.01-15.U-1(e) modified by........................ 54.01-10.U-1(h) replaced by........................ 54.01-15.UG-11 modified by......................... 54.01-25.UG-22 modified by......................... 54.01-30.UG-25 modified by......................... 54.01-35.UG-28 modified by......................... 54.01-40.UG-84 replaced by......................... 54.05-1.UG-90 through UG-103 modified by.......... 54.10-1.UG-90 and UG-91 replaced by............... 54.10-3.UG-92 through UG-103 modified by.......... 54.10-3.UG-98 reproduced by....................... 54.10-5.UG-99 modified by......................... 54.10-10.UG-100 modified by........................ 54.10-15.UG-115 through UG-120 modified by......... 54.10-1.UG-116, except (k) replaced by............ 54.10-20(a).UG-116(k) replaced by..................... 54.10-20(b).UG-117 replaced by........................ 54.10-20(c).UG-118 replaced by........................ 54.10-20(a).UG-119 modified by........................ 54.10-20(d).UG-120 modified by........................ 54.10-25.UG-125 through UG-134 modified by......... 54.15-1 through 54.15-15.UG-125 modified by........................ 54.15-5.UG-125 modified by........................ 54.15-10, 54.15-15.UG-127 modified by........................ 54.15-13.UW-1 through UW-65 modified by............ 54.20-1.UW-2(a) replaced by....................... 54.01-5(b) and 54.20-2.UW-2(b) replaced by....................... 54.01-5(b).UW-9, UW-11(a), UW-13, UW-16 modified by.. 54.20-3.UW-11(a) modified by...................... 54.25-8.UW-26, UW-27, UW-29, UW-47, UW-48 modified 54.20-5. by.UW-52(c)(3) replaced by................... 54.20-10.UB-1 modified by.......................... 54.23-1UB-2 modified by.......................... 52.01-95(d) and 56.30- 30(b)(1).UCS-6 modified by......................... 54.25-3.UCS-25 replaced by........................ 54.25-5.UCS-56 modified by........................ 54.25-7.UCS-57, UNF-57, UHA-33, and UHT-57 54.25-8. modified by.UCS-65 through UCS-67 replaced by......... 54.25-10.UHA-23(b) and UHA-51 modified by.......... 54.25-15.UHT-5(c), UHT-6, UHT-23 modified by....... 54.25-20.UHT-82 modified by........................ 54.25-20, 54.25-25.UA-60 modified by......................... 54.15-3.------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ The references to specific provisions in the ASME Code are coded. The first letter ``U'' refers to division 1 of section VIII. The second letter, such as ``G'', refers to a subsection within section VIII. The number refers to the paragraph within the subsection.
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(b) References to the ASME Code, such as paragraph UG–125, indicate:
U=Division 1 of section VIII, Pressure Vessels, ASME Code.
G=Part containing general requirements.
125=Paragraph within part.
(c) When a paragraph or a section of the regulations in this part relates to material in division 1 of section VIII of the ASME Code, the relationship with the code will be shown immediately following the heading of the section or at the beginning of the paragraph as follows:
(1) (Modifies U___.) This indicates that the material in U___ is generally applicable but is being altered, amplified or augmented.
(2) (Replaces U___.) This indicates that U___ does not apply.
(3) (Reproduces U___.) This indicates that U___ is being identically reproduced for convenience, not for emphasis.
[CGFR 68–82, 33 FR 18828, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 69–127, 35 FR 9976, June 17, 1970; CGFR 72–59R, 37 FR 6188, Mar. 25, 1972; CGD 72–206R, 38 FR 17226, June 29, 1973; CGD 73–254, 40 FR 40163, Sept. 2, 1975; CGD 77–147, 47 FR 21809, May 20, 1982; CGD 85–061, 54 FR 50963, Dec. 11, 1989. Redesignated by CGD 88–032, 56 FR 35822, July 29, 1991] § 54.01-5 Scope (modifies U–1 and U–2).
(a) This part contains requirements for pressure vessels. Table 54.01–5(a) gives a breakdown by parts in this subchapter of the regulations governing various types of pressure vessels, boilers, and thermal units.
(b) Pressure vessels are divided into Classes I, I-L (low temperature), II, II-L (low temperature), and III. Table 54.01–5(b) describes these classes and sets out additional requirements for welded pressure vessels.
(c) The requirements for pressure vessels by class are as follows:
(1) Class I-L and II-L pressure vessels must meet the applicable requirements in this part.
(2) Pressure vessels containing hazardous materials as defined in §150.115 of this chapter must meet the requirements of this part or, as applicable, the requirements in 49 CFR parts 171–177 or part 64 of this chapter.
(3) Except as provided in paragraph (c)(4) of this section, Classes I, II, and III pressure vessels not containing hazardous materials must be designed and constructed in accordance with the requirements in Section VIII, division 1, of the ASME Code and must be stamped with the ASME “U” symbol. These pressure vessels must also comply with the requirements that are listed or prescribed in paragraphs (d) through (g) of this section. Compliance with other provisions in this part is not required.
(4) Classes II and III pressure vessels that have a net internal volume of less than 0.14 cubic meters (5 cubic feet) and do not contain hazardous materials must be stamped with either the ASME “U” or “UM” symbol. Compliance with other provisions in this part is not required.
(d) Pressure vessels described in paragraph (c)(3) of this section must—
(1) Have detailed plans that include the information required by §54.01–18 (approved by the Office of Management and Budget under OMB control number 2130–0181);
(2) Meet §54.01–35, §54.20–3(c), and §54.25–3 of this part;
(3) Have pressure relief devices required by subpart 54.15;
(4) Meet the applicable requirements in §§54.10–3, 54.10–20, and 54.10–25 for inspection, reports, and stamping;
(5) If welded, meet the post weld heat treatment and minimum joint and radiography requirement in Table 54.01–5(b); and
(6) If a steam generating pressure vessel, meet §54.01–10.
(e) The plans required by paragraph (d)(1) of this section must be certified by a registered professional engineer to meet the design requirements in paragraph (d) of this section and in section VIII, division 1, of the ASME Code. The certification must appear on all drawings and analyses. The plans must be made available to the Coast Guard prior to the inspection required by §54.10–3(c).
(f) If a pressure vessel has more than one independent chamber and the chambers have different classifications, each chamber must, as a minimum, meet the requirements for its classification. If a single classification for the entire pressure vessel is preferred, the classification selected must be one that is required to meet all of the regulations applicable to the classification that is not selected. For example, if one chamber is Class I and one chamber is Class II-L, the only single classification that can be selected is Class I-L.
(g) The design pressure for each interface between two chambers in a multichambered pressure vessel must be—
(1) The maximum allowable working pressure (gauge) in the chamber with the higher pressure; or
(2) If one chamber is a vacuum chamber, the maximum allowable working pressure (absolute) in the other chamber minus the least operating pressure (absolute) in the vacuum chamber.
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Table 54.01-5(a)_Regulation Reference for Boilers, Pressure Vessels, and Thermal Units------------------------------------------------------------------------ Part of Part of subchapter subchapter Service and pressure temperature boundaries regulating regulating mechanical automatic design control------------------------------------------------------------------------Main (power) boiler: All...................... 52 62Pressure vessel: All.......................... 54 NAFired auxiliary boiler \1\ (combustion products or electricity): (a) Steam: More than 103 kPa (15 psig)............... 52 \2\ 62 or 63 Equal to or less than 103 kPa (15 psig)... 53 63 (b) Hot water heating: More than 689 kPa (100 psig) or 121 °C 52 63 (250 °F)............................. Equal to or less than 689 kPa (100 psig) 53 63 and 121 °C (250 °F).............. (c) Hot water supply: More than 689 kPa (100 psig) or 121 °C 52 63 (250 °F)............................. Equal to or less than 689 kPa (100 psig) 53 63 and 121 °C (250 °F)..............Other: (a) Fired thermal fluid heaters: All........ 52 63 (b) Unfired steam boiler: More than 206 kPa (30 psig) or 454 °C 52 NA (850 °F) \3\......................... Equal to or less than 206 kPa (30 psig) 54 NA and 454 °C (850 °F).............. (c) Evaporators and heat exchangers: More 54 NA than 103 kPa (15 psig) \4\................. (d) Unfired hot water supply or heating 54 NA boiler: More than 103 kPa (15 psig) \4\....------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ Including exhaust gas types.\2\ Boilers with heat input ratings >=12,500,000 Btu/hr. must have controls that meet part 62. Boilers with heat input ratings <12,500,000 Btu/hr. must have controls that meet part 63.\3\ Temperature of working fluid.\4\ Relief device is required even if designed for less than 103 kPa (15 psig).
Table 54.01-5(b)_Pressure Vessel Classification-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Radiography Class limits on Joint requirements requirements, Post weld heat Shop inspect. Plan approval Class Service contents pressure and \1,6,7\ section VIII, ASME treatment required required required temperature Code \3,7\ \5,7\--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I................... (a) Vapor or gas... Over 600 p.s.i. or (1) For category Full on all butt For carbon or low Yes \4\...... Yes \4\. (b) Liquid......... 700 °F A; (1) or (2) For joints regardless alloy steel, in (c) Hazardous Over 600 p.s.i. or category B. All of thickness. accordance with materials \2\. 400 °F. categories C and Exceptions listed Table UCS-56, D must have full in Table UCS-57 regardless of penetration welds of ASME Code do thickness. For extending through not apply. other materials, the entire in accordance thickness of the with section vessel wall or VIII, ASME Code. nozzle wall.I-L Low temperature. (a) Vapor or gas... Over 250 p.s.i. and (1) for categories Full on all butt For carbon or low Yes.......... Yes. ................... service A and B. All joints regardless alloy steel, in (b) Liquid......... temperature below categories C and of thickness. accordance with (c) Hazardous 0 °F D must have full Exceptions listed Table UCS-56, materials \2\. Over 250 p.s.i. and penetration welds in Table UCS-57 regardless of service extending through of ASME Code do thickness. For temperature below the entire not apply. other materials, 0 °F. thickness of the in accordance vessel wall or with section nozzle wall. No VIII, ASME Code. backing rings or strips left in place.II.................. (a) Vapor or gas... 30 through 600 (1) or (2) for Spot, unless In accordance with Yes \4\...... Yes \4\. ................... p.s.i. or 275° category A. (1), exempted by UW- section, VIII of (b) Liquid......... through 700 °F (2), or (3) for 11(c) of ASME ASME Code. (c) Hazardous 200 through 600 category B. Code. materials \2,3,6\. p.s.i. or 250° Categories C and through 400 °F. D in accordance with UW-16 of ASME Code.II-L Low temperature (a) Vapor or gas... 0 through 250 (1) for category Spot. The Same as for I-L Yes.......... Yes. ................... p.s.i. and service A; (1) or (2) for exemption of UW- except that (b) Liquid......... temperature below category B. All II(c) of ASME mechanical stress (c) Hazardous 0 °F categories C and Code does not relief may be materials \2\. 0 through 250 D must have full apply. substituted if p.s.i. and service penetration welds allowed under temperature below extending through subpart 54.30 of 0 °F. the entire this chapter. thickness of the vessel wall or nozzle wall.III................. (a) Vapor or gas... Under 30 p.s.i. and In accordance with Spot, unless In accordance with Yes \4\...... Yes \4\. (b) Liquid......... 0° through 275 Section VIII of exempted UW-II(c) Section VIII of (c) Hazardous °F AMSE Code. of ASME Code. ASME Code. materials \2,3,6\. Under 200 p.s.i. and 0° through 250 °F.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ Welded joint categories are defined under UW-3 of the ASME Code. Joint types are described in Table UW-12 of the ASME Code, and numbered ``(1),'' ``(2)'', etc.\2\ See § 54.20-2.\3\ See §§ 54.25-8(c) and 54.25-10(d).\4\ See §§ 54.01-15 and 54.10-3 for exemptions.\5\ Specific requirements modifying Table UCS-56 of the ASME Code are found in § 54.25-7.\6\ See § 54.20-3 (c) and (f)\7\ Applies only to welded pressure vessels.
| (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under OMB control number 2130–0181)
[CGFR 68–82, 33 FR 18828, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 69–127, 35 FR 9976, June 17, 1970; CGD 77–147, 47 FR 21809, May 20, 1982; 55 FR 696, Jan. 8, 1990; CGD 88–057, 55 FR 24236, June 15, 1990; CGD 85–061, 55 FR 41917, Oct. 16, 1990; CGD 95–027, 61 FR 26000, May 23, 1996; USCG–2000–7790, 65 FR 58460, Sept. 29, 2000] § 54.01-10 Steam generating pressure vessels (modifies U–1(e)).
(a) Pressure vessels in which steam is generated are classed as “Unfired Steam Boilers” except as required otherwise by paragraph (b) of this section. Unfired steam boilers must be fitted with an efficient water level indicator, a pressure gage, a blowdown valve, and an approved safety valve as required by §54.15–15. Unfired steam boilers must be constructed in accordance with this part other than when the pressures are more than 206 kPa (30 psig) or the temperatures of the working fluid are more than 454 °C (850 °F) when such boilers must be constructed in accordance with part 52 of this subchapter.
(b) Vessels known as “Evaporators” or “Heat Exchangers” are not classified as unfired steam boilers. They shall be fitted with an approved safety device as required under §54.15–15 and constructed in accordance with this part.
(c) An evaporator in which steam is generated shall be fitted with an efficient water level indicator, a pressure gage, and a blowdown valve.
[CGFR 68–82, 33 FR 18828, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGD 81–79, 50 FR 9436, Mar. 8, 1985; CGD 95–012, 60 FR 48044, Sept. 18, 1995] § 54.01-15 Exemptions from shop inspection and plan approval (replaces U–1(c) (6) through (9)).
(a) The following classifications are exempt from shop inspection and plan approval requirements of this part:
(1) Vessels containing water at a pressure not greater than 100 pounds per square inch gage, nor a temperature above 200 °F., including those containing air, the compression of which serves only as a cushion. Air charging lines may be permanently attached provided the air pressure does not exceed 15 pounds per square inch gage.
(2) Hot water supply storage tanks heated by steam or any other indirect means when none of the following limitations is exceeded:
(i) A heat input of 200,000 B.t.u. per hour;
(ii) A water temperature of 200 °F.;
(iii) A nominal water-containing capacity of 120 gallons; or
(iv) A pressure of 100 pounds per square inch gage.
The exemption of any tank under this subparagraph requires that it shall be fitted with a safety relief valve of at least 1-inch diameter, set to relieve below the maximum allowable working pressure of the tank.
(3)(i) Vessels having an internal operating pressure not exceeding 15 pounds per square inch gage with no limitation on size. (See UG–28(e) of the ASME Code.)
(ii) Cargo tanks of pressure vessel configuration are not included in the exemption in paragraph (a)(3)(i) of this section.
(4) Class I, II, and III pressure vessels that meet the requirements of §54.01–5 (c)(3) and (c)(4).
(5) Condensers and heat exchangers, regardless of size, where the design is such that the liquid phase is not greater than 100 pounds per square inch gage and 200 °F. and the vapor phase is not greater than 15 pounds per square inch gage provided system over pressure conditions are considered.
(b) For fluid conditioner fittings see §56.15–1 of this subchapter.
[CGFR 68–82, 33 FR 18828, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 69–127, 35 FR 9977, June 17, 1970; CGFR 70–143, 35 FR 19906, Dec. 30, 1970; CGD 77–147, 47 FR 21810, May 20, 1982] § 54.01-17 Pressure vessel for human occupancy (PVHO).
Pressure vessels for human occupancy (PVHO's) must meet the requirements of subpart B (Commercial Diving Operations) of part 197 of this chapter.
[CGD 76–009, 43 FR 53683, Nov. 16, 1978] § 54.01-18 Plan approval.
(a) Manufacturers intending to fabricate pressure vessels, heat exchangers, evaporators, and similar appurtenances, covered by the regulations in this part shall submit detailed plans in accordance with subpart 50.20 of this subchapter.
(b) The following information shall be submitted:
(1) Calculations for all pressure containment components including the maximum allowable working pressure, the hydrostatic or pneumatic test pressure, and the intended safety device setting.
(2) Joint design and methods of attachment of all pressure containment components.
(3) Foundations and supports (design and attachment).
(4) Pertinent calculations for pressure vessel foundations and/or supports.
(5) A bill of material meeting the requirements of section VIII of the ASME Code, as modified by this part.
(6) A diagrammatic arrangement drawing of the assembled unit indicating location of internal and external components. § 54.01-25 Miscellaneous pressure components (modifies UG–11).
(a) Pressure components for pressure vessels shall be as required by UG–11 of the ASME Code except as noted otherwise in this section.
(b) All pressure components conforming to an accepted ANSI (American National Standards Institute) Standard referred to in an adopted code, specification or standard or in this subchapter shall also be marked in accordance with MSS (Manufacturers' Standardization Society) Standard SP–25.
[CGFR 68–82, 33 FR 18828, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 69–127, 35 FR 9977, June 17, 1970] § 54.01-30 Loadings (modifies UG–22).
(a) The loadings for pressure vessels shall be as required by UG–22 of the ASME Code except as noted otherwise in this section.
(b) In evaluating loadings for certain pressure vessel applications, the Commandant may require consideration of the following loads in addition to those listed in UG–22 of the ASME Code:
(1) Loading imposed by vessel's attitude in roll, list, pitch and trim.
(2) Dynamic forces due to ship motions. § 54.01-35 Corrosion (modifies UG– 25).
(a) Vessels or portions of vessels subject to corrosion shall be as required by UG–25 of the ASME Code except as noted otherwise in this section.
(b) The pressure portions of pressure vessels shall:
(1) Normally have a corrosion allowance of one-sixth of the calculated thickness, or one-sixteenth inch, whichever is smaller, added to the calculated thickness as determined by the applicable design formula.
(2) Be specifically evaluated in cases where unusually corrosive cargoes will be involved, for the possible increase of this corrosion allowance.
(3) Have no additional thickness required when acceptable corrosion resistant materials are used.
(4) Not normally need additional thickness allowance when the effective stress (either S or SE depending on the design formula used) is 80 percent or less of the allowable stress listed in section VIII of the ASME Code for calculating thickness.
(c) Telltale holes shall not be permitted in pressure vessels containing dangerous fluids, such as acid, poison, corrosives, etc.
(d) Exemption from these corrosion allowance requirements will be granted by the Commandant in those cases where:
(1) The contents of the pressure vessel is judged to be sufficiently noncorrosive; and,
(2) Where the external surface is also protected from corrosion. A suitable vapor barrier is adequate protection, while paint or other thin coatings exposed to weather or mechanical damage are not acceptable.
Note: No applied linings except as provided in Part UCL of the ASME Code shall be acceptable.
[CGFR 68–82, 33 FR 18828, Dec. 18, 1968, as amended by CGFR 72–59R, 37 FR 6189, Mar. 25, 1972] § 54.01-40 External pressure (modifies UG–28).
(a) The exemption from external pressure consideration provided by the note under UG–28(f) does not apply.
(b) Vessels which may at times be subjected to partial vacuum due to nature of the contents, temperature, unloading operations, or other facet of employment shall either have vacuum breaker protection or be designed for not less than one-half atmosphere of external pressure.
[CGFR 70–143, 35 FR 19906, Dec. 30, 1970]
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