46 C.F.R. Subpart 98.25—Anhydrous Ammonia in Bulk
Title 46 - Shipping
(a) The regulations in this subpart apply to each self-propelled vessel that has anhydrous ammonia on board as a cargo, cargo residue, or vapor and that is not regulated under part 154 of this chapter. (b) Any self-propelled vessel to which this subpart applies shall be inspected and certificated under this subchapter and subchapter D of this chapter. [CGD 74–289, 44 FR 26008, May 3, 1979] (a) Anhydrous ammonia shall be carried in unfired pressure vessel type tanks independent of the structure as detailed in this part, except as otherwise provided in paragraph (b) of this section. (b) When anhydrous ammonia is to be transported at its boiling temperature at or near atmospheric pressure, the Commandant may permit the use of alternate methods of storage if it is shown to his satisfaction that a degree of safety is obtained consistent with the minimum requirements of this subpart. (a) The cargo tanks shall meet the requirements for Class I, I-L, II, or II-L welded pressure vessels and shall be fabricated, inspected, and tested in accordance with the applicable requirements of part 54 of subchapter F (Marine Engineering) of this chapter. (b) Unlagged cargo tanks subject to atmospheric temperatures shall be designed for a pressure of not less than 250 pounds per square inch gage. (c) Where unrefrigerated cargo tanks are lagged as required by §§98.25–30 and 98.25–60, the tanks shall be designed for a pressure of not less than 215 pounds per square inch gage. (d) Refrigerated cargo tanks, in which the temperature of the liquid ammonia is maintained below the normal atmospheric temperatures, shall be designed for a pressure of not less than the vapor pressure corresponding to the temperature of the liquid at which the system is to be maintained, plus 25 pounds per square inch gage. (e) Each tank shall be provided with not less than a 15&inch;×18&inch; diameter manhole, fitted with a cover located above the maximum liquid level and as close as possible to the top of the tank. Where access trunks are fitted to tanks, the diameter of the trunks shall be not less than 30 inches. [CGFR 65–50, 30 FR 17022, Dec. 30, 1965, as amended by CGFR 68–82, 33 FR 18902, Dec. 18, 1968] (a) Cargo tanks shall be marked in accordance with the requirements of §54.10–20 of subchapter F (Marine Engineering) of this chapter. (b) In addition to the markings required to be stamped on the tank, the legend, “Anhydrous Ammonia” shall be conspicuously and legibly marked upon the dome or upper portion of the tank in letters at least 4 inches high. (c) All tank inlet and outlet connections, except safety relief valves, liquid level gaging devices and pressure gages shall be labeled to designate whether they terminate in the vapor or liquid space. Labels of noncorrosive material may be attached to valves. (d) All tank markings shall be permanently and legibly stamped in a readily visible position. If the tanks are lagged, the markings attached to the tank proper shall be duplicated on a corrosion resistant plate secured to the outside jacket of the lagging. [CGFR 65–50, 30 FR 17022, Dec. 30, 1965, as amended by CGFR 68–82, 33 FR 18902, Dec. 18, 1968] (a) Independent tanks shall be arranged in the vessel so as to provide a minimum clearance of not less than 24 inches from the vessel's side and not less than 15 inches from the vessel's bottom. Where more than one tank is installed in a vessel, the distance between such tanks shall be not less than 15 inches, unless otherwise approved by the Commandant. Alternate provisions may be made for moving such tanks to provide for adequate inspection and maintenance of the vessel's structure and the tanks. (b) The design shall show the manner in which the tanks are to be installed, supported, and secured in the vessel and shall be approved prior to installation. Tanks shall be supported in steel saddles and securely anchored in place. If the tanks are required to be stress-relieved no appendages shall be welded to the tanks after they have been stress-relieved unless authorized by the Commandant. (c) Tanks may be located in dry cargo holds or in liquid cargo tanks or may be installed “on deck” or “under deck” with the tank protruding above deck. On installations where a portion of the tank extends above the weather deck, provision shall be made to maintain the weathertightness of the deck, except that vessels operating on protected inland waters may have tanks located in the holds of hopper type barges without the watertightness of the deck being maintained. All tanks shall be installed with the manhole opening and fittings located above the weather deck. (d) The anhydrous ammonia tanks may be installed in the bulk liquid cargo tanks provided the liquid surrounding the enclosed anhydrous ammonia tanks complies with the following chemical and physical properties: (1) Boiling point above 125° F. at atmospheric pressure. (2) Inert to ammonia at 100° F. at atmospheric pressure. (3) Noncorrosive in the liquid and vapor phase to the ammonia tanks and piping. [CGFR 65–50, 30 FR 17022, Dec. 30, 1965, as amended by CGFR 70–10, 35 FR 3711, Feb. 25, 1970] (a) Lagged tanks shall be covered with an incombustible insulation material of a thickness to provide a thermal conductance of not more than 0.075 B.t.u. per square foot per degree F. differential in temperature per hour. The insulating material shall be of an approved type complying with the requirements of subpart 164.009 of subchapter Q (Specifications) of this chapter, and shall be given a vapor proof coating with fire retardant material acceptable to the Commandant. Tanks exposed to the weather shall have the insulation and vapor proof coating covered with a removable sheet metal jacket of not less than 0.083 inch thickness and flashed around all openings so as to be weather tight. Materials other than sheet metal may be used to cover the insulation and vapor proof coating when specifically authorized by the Commandant. (b) Where unlagged tanks are installed in insulated holds or insulated 'tween deck spaces, such tanks shall be considered lagged provided the thermal conductance of the insulation is not less than that required by paragraph (a) of this section. (a) Where refrigerated systems are installed to maintain the temperature of the liquid below atmospheric, at least two complete refrigeration plants automatically regulated by pressure variations within the tanks shall be provided, each to be complete with the necessary auxiliaries for proper operation. The capacity of each refrigeration compressor shall be sufficient to maintain the vapor pressure in the tanks during the peak atmospheric temperature conditions below the pressure for which the tanks are designed. (b) An alternate arrangement may consist of three compressors, any two of which shall be capable of maintaining the vapor pressure in the tanks during peak atmospheric temperature conditions below the pressure for which the tanks are designed, the third compressor acting as a stand-by unit. (c) Refrigerated tanks shall be insulated in conformance with the requirements of §98.25–30. (a) All valves, flanges, fittings and accessory equipment shall be of a type suitable for use with anhydrous ammonia and shall be made of steel, or malleable or nodular iron meeting the requirements of §56.60–1 of subchapter F (Marine Engineering) of this chapter. Valves shall be fitted with noncorrosive material suitable for ammonia service. Valves, flanges, and pipe fittings shall be of the square or round tongue and groove type or raised-face, United States of America Standard 300-pound standard minimum, fitted with suitable soft gasket material. Welded fittings shall be used wherever possible and the number of pipe joints shall be held to a minimum. Screwed joints are not permitted for pipe diameters exceeding 2 inches. Nonferrous materials, such as copper, copper alloys and aluminum alloys, shall not be used in the construction of valves, fittings or accessory equipment. Brazed joints are prohibited. (b) Each tank shall be provided with the necessary fill and discharge liquid and vapor shut-off valves, safety relief valves, liquid level gaging devices, thermometer well and pressure gage, and shall be provided with suitable access for convenient operation. Connections to tanks installed below the weather deck shall be made to a trunk or dome extending above the weather deck. Connections to the tanks shall be protected against mechanical damage and tampering. Other openings in the tanks, except as specifically permitted by this part, are prohibited. (c) All connections to the tanks, except safety devices and liquid level gaging devices, shall have manually operated shut-off valves located as close to the tank as possible. (d) Excess flow valves where required by this section shall close automatically at the rated flow of vapor or liquid as specified by the manufacturer. The piping, including valves, fittings and appurtenances, protected by an excess flow valve, shall have a greater capacity than the rated flow of the excess flow valve. (e) Liquid level gaging devices which are so constructed that outward flow of tank contents shall not exceed that passed by a No. 54 drill size opening, need not be equipped with excess flow valves. (f) Pressure gage connections need not be equipped with excess flow valves if the openings are not larger than No. 54 drill size. (g) Excess flow valves may be designed with a bypass, not to exceed a No. 60 drill size opening, to allow equalization of pressure. (h) Prior to disconnecting shore lines, the pressure in the liquid and vapor lines shall be relieved through suitable valves installed at the loading header. (i) Relief valves shall be fitted in liquid lines which may be subject to excessive pressure caused by liquid full condition, and the escape from the relief valves shall be piped to the venting system. (j) The pressure gage shall be located at the highest practical point. The thermometer well shall terminate in the liquid space and be attached to the shell by welding with the end of the fitting being provided with a gas-tight screwed plug or bolted cover. [CGFR 65–50, 30 FR 17022, Dec. 30, 1965, as amended by CGFR 68–82, 33 FR 18902, Dec. 18, 1968; CGFR 70–10, 35 FR 3712, Feb. 25, 1970] (a) Each tank shall be fitted with a liquid level gaging device of suitable design to indicate the maximum level to which the tank may be filled with liquid at temperatures between 20° F. and 130° F. (b) Liquid level gaging devices shall be of the following types: magnetic, rotary tube, slip tube, fixed tube, automatic float, or other types acceptable to the Commandant. (c) Gaging devices that require bleeding of the product to the atmosphere, such as rotary tube, fixed tube, and slip tube, shall be so designed that the bleed valve maximum opening is not larger than a No. 54 drill size, unless provided with an excess flow valve. (d) Gaging devices shall have a design pressure of at least 250 pounds per square inch. (e) Gage glasses of the columnar type are prohibited. (a) Filling connections shall be provided with one of the following: (1) Combination back pressure check valve and excess flow valve; (2) One double or two single back pressure check valves; or (3) A positive shut-off valve in conjunction with either an internal back pressure check valve or an internal excess flow valve. (b) All other liquid and vapor connections to tanks, except filling connections, safety relief valves, and liquid level gaging devices and pressure gages described in §98.25–40(e) and (f) shall be equipped with automatic excess flow valves; or in lieu thereof, may be fitted with quick closing internal stop valves, which, except during filling and discharge operations, shall remain closed. The control mechanism for such valves shall be provided with a secondary remote control of a type acceptable to the Commandant. (c) The excess flow, internal stop or back pressure check valves shall be located on the inside of the tank or outside where the piping enters the tank. In the latter case, installation shall be made in such a manner that any undue strain will not cause breakage between the tank and the excess flow or internal stop valve. (d) Where the filling and discharge are made through a common nozzle at the tank, and the connection is fitted with a quick-closing internal stop valve as permitted in paragraph (b) of this section, the back pressure check valve or excess flow valve is not required, provided, however, a positive shut-off valve is installed in conjunction with the internal stop valve. [CGFR 65–50, 30 FR 17022, Dec. 30, 1965, as amended by CGFR 70–10, 35 FR 3712, Feb. 25, 1970] (a) Piping shall be of seamless steel meeting the requirements of §56.60–1 of subchapter F (Marine Engineering) of this chapter. The piping shall be of not less than Schedule 40 thickness. In case of piping on the discharge side of the liquid pumps or vapor compressors, the design shall be for a pressure of not less than the pump or compressor relief valve setting; or if the piping is not fitted with relief valves, the design pressure shall not be less than the total discharge head of the pump or compressor. (b) Where necessary, provision shall be made for expansion and contraction of piping by means of seamless steel pipe expansion bends. Special consideration will be given for packless type expansion joints. Slip type expansion joints are prohibited. Piping shall be provided with adequate support to take the weight of the piping off the valves and fittings. [CGFR 65–50, 30 FR 17022, Dec. 30, 1965, as amended by CGFR 68–82, 33 FR 18902, Dec. 18, 1968] (a) Each tank shall be fitted with two or more approved safety relief valves, designed, constructed, and flow-tested for capacity in conformance with subpart 162.018 of subchapter Q (Specifications) of this chapter. (b) Each safety relief valve shall start to discharge at a pressure not in excess of the design pressure of the tank. (c) Safety relief valves shall be attached to the tank near the highest point of the vapor space. Shutoff valves shall not be installed between the tanks and the safety relief valves, except manifolds for mounting multiple safety relief valves may be fitted with acceptable interlocking three-way valves so arranged at all times as to permit at any position of the three-way valve, an unrestricted flow of vapors through at least one port. When two safety relief valves are mounted in parallel on both the upper outlets of the three-way valve, the arrangement shall be such as to permit at least one safety relief valve to be operative at all times. (d) Each safety valve shall be tested in the presence of a marine inspector at the site of installation before or after mounting prior to being placed in service. The tests shall prove that the safety relief valve will start to discharge at a pressure not in excess of the maximum allowable pressure of the tank. [CGFR 68–82, 33 FR 18902, Dec. 18, 1968] (a) The filling density, or the percent ratio of the liquefied gas that may be loaded in the tank to the weight of the water the tank will hold at 60° F., shall not exceed 56 percent for unlagged tanks and 58 percent for lagged or refrigerated tanks. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each safety valve installed on a cargo tank shall be connected to a branch vent of a venting system which shall be constructed so that the discharge of gas will be directed vertically upward to a point at least 10 feet above the weather deck or the top of any tank or house located above the weather deck. (b) The capacity of branch vents or vent headers shall depend upon the number of cargo tanks connected to such branch or header as provided in Table 98.25–70(b). (c) In addition to the requirement specified in paragraph (b) of this section, the size of the branch vents or vent headers shall be such that the back pressure in relief valve discharge lines shall not be more than 10 percent of the safety relief valve setting. (d) Return bends and restrictive pipe fittings are prohibited. Vents and headers shall be so installed as to prevent stresses on safety relief valve mountings. (e) When vent discharge risers are installed, they shall be so located as to provide protection against physical damage and be fitted with loose raincaps. (f) No shut-off valve shall be fitted in the venting system between the safety relief valve and the vent outlets. Suitable provision shall be made for draining the venting system if liquid can collect therein. [CGFR 65–50, 30 FR 17022, Dec. 30, 1965, as amended by CGFR 70–10, 35 FR 3712, Feb. 25, 1970; 35 FR 6431, Apr. 22, 1970] (a) All enclosed spaces containing cargo tanks fitted with bottom outlet connections shall be provided with mechanical ventilation of sufficient capacity to assure a change of air every 3 minutes. Where cargo tanks are fitted with top outlet connections, the enclosed spaces containing such tanks shall be fitted with efficient natural or mechanical ventilation. (b) Enclosed compartments in which machinery such as cargo pumps or vapor compressors are located shall be adequately ventilated. (a) Cargo hose fabricated of seamless steel pipe with swivel joints, wire braided armored rubber or other hose material acceptable to the Commandant, shall be fitted to the liquid or vapor lines during filling and discharging of the cargo tanks. (b) Hose subject to tank pressure shall be designed for a bursting pressure of not less than five times the maximum safety relief valve setting of the tank. (c) Hose subject to discharge pressure of pumps or vapor compressors shall be designed for a bursting pressure of not less than five times the pressure of setting of the pump or compressor relief valve. (d) Before being placed in service, each new cargo hose, with all necessary fittings attached, shall be hydrostatically tested by the manufacturer to a pressure of not less than twice the maximum pressure to which it may be subjected in service. The hose shall be marked with the maximum pressure guaranteed by the manufacturer. (a) Each cargo tank shall be electrically grounded to the hull. The cargo vessel shall be electrically connected to the shore piping prior to connecting the cargo hose. This electrical connection shall be maintained until after the cargo hose has been disconnected and any spillage has been removed. [CGFR 65–50, 30 FR 17022, Dec. 30, 1965, as amended by CGFR 70–10, 35 FR 3712, Feb. 25, 1970] (a) Repairs involving welding or burning shall not be undertaken on the cargo tanks or piping while anhydrous ammonia in either the liquid or vapor state is present in the system. (b) During the time anhydrous ammonia is laden in the tanks the vessel shall be under constant surveillance. (c) Authorization from the Commandant (G-MSO) shall be obtained to transport lading other than anhydrous ammonia in the cargo tanks. (d) Sufficient hose stations shall be installed with adequate water supply so that if leakage of anhydrous ammonia occurs the vapors may be removed by use of a stream of water. (e)(1) At least two units of approved self-contained breathing apparatus, one stowed forward of the cargo tanks and one stowed aft of the cargo tanks, shall be carried on board the vessel at all times. (2) All approved self-contained breathing apparatus, masks and respiratory protective devices shall be of types suitable for starting and operating at the temperatures encountered, and shall be maintained in good operating condition. (3) Personnel involved in the filling or discharge operations shall be adequately trained in the use of the equipment. (4) For all self-propelled cargo vessels, during filling or discharge operations every person on the vessel shall carry on his person or have close at hand at all times a canister mask approved for ammonia; or each person shall carry on his person a respiratory protective device which will protect the wearer against ammonia vapors and provide respiratory protection for emergency escape from a contaminated area which would result from cargo leakage. This respiratory protective equipment shall be of such size and weight that the person wearing it will not be restricted in movement or in the wearing of lifesaving device. (f) While fast to a dock, a vessel during transfer of bulk cargo shall display a red flag by day or a red light by night, which signal shall be so placed that it will be visible on all sides. When at anchor, a vessel during transfer of bulk cargo shall display a red flag by day, which signal shall be so placed that it will be visible on all sides. [CGFR 70–10, 35 FR 3712, Feb. 25, 1970, as amended by CGD 82–063b, 48 FR 4781, Feb. 3, 1983; CGD 95–072, 60 FR 50464, Sept. 29, 1995; CGD 96–041, 61 FR 50730, Sept. 27, 1996] (a) Each tank shall be subjected to the tests and inspections described in this section in the presence of a marine inspector, except as otherwise provided in this part. (1) An internal inspection of the tank is conducted within— (i) Ten years after the last internal inspection if the tank is a pressure-vessel type cargo tank on an unmanned barge described under §151.01–25(c) of this chapter and carrying cargo at temperatures of −67 °F (−55 °C) or warmer; or (ii) Eight years after the last internal inspection if the tank is of a type other than that described in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section. (2) An external examination of unlagged tanks and the visible parts of lagged tanks is made at each inspection for certification and periodic inspection. The owner shall ensure that the amount of insulation deemed necessary by the marine inspector is removed from insulated tanks during each internal inspection to allow spot external examination of the tanks and insulation, or the thickness of the tanks may be gauged by a nondestructive means accepted by the marine inspector without the removal of insulation. (3) If required by the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection the owner shall conduct nondestructive testing of each tank in accordance with §98.25–97. (4) If the tank is a pressure vessel type cargo tank with an internal inspection interval of 10 years, and is 30 years old or older, determined from the date it was built, the owner shall conduct nondestructive testing of each tank in accordance with §98.25–97, during each internal inspection. (b) A hydrostatic test of 1 (c) The safety relief valves shall be popped in the presence of a marine inspector by either liquid, gas or vapor pressure at least once every four years to determine the accuracy of adjustment and, if necessary, shall be reset. [CGFR 65–50, 30 FR 17022, Dec. 30, 1965, as amended by CGFR 67–86, 32 FR 17622, Dec. 9, 1967; CGD 85–061, 54 FR 50965, Dec. 11, 1989; USCG 1999–4976, 65 FR 6503, Feb. 9, 2000] (a) Before nondestructive testing may be conducted to meet §98.25–95(a) (3) and (4), the owner shall submit a proposal to the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection for approval that includes— (1) The test methods and procedures to be used, all of which must meet section V of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (1986); (2) Each location on the tank to be tested; and (3) The test method and procedure to be conducted at each location on the tank. (b) If the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection rejects the proposal, the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection informs the owner of the reasons why the proposal is rejected. (c) If the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection accepts the proposal, then the owner shall ensure that— (1) The proposal is followed; and (2) Nondestructive testing is performed by personnel meeting ASNT “Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A (1988), Personnel Qualifications and Certification in Nondestructive Testing.” (d) Within 30 days after completing the nondestructive test, the owner shall submit a written report of the results to the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection. [CGD 85–061, 54 FR 50965, Dec. 11, 1989]
Title 46: Shipping
PART 98—SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION, ARRANGEMENT, AND OTHER PROVISIONS FOR CERTAIN DANGEROUS CARGOES IN BULK
Subpart 98.25—Anhydrous Ammonia in Bulk
§ 98.25-1 Applicability.
§ 98.25-5 How anhydrous ammonia may be carried.
§ 98.25-10 Design and construction of cargo tanks.
§ 98.25-15 Markings.
§ 98.25-20 Installation of cargo tanks.
§ 98.25-30 Lagging.
§ 98.25-35 Refrigerated systems.
§ 98.25-40 Valves, fittings, and accessories.
§ 98.25-45 Liquid level gaging device.
§ 98.25-50 Filling and discharge pipes.
§ 98.25-55 Cargo piping.
§ 98.25-60 Safety relief valves.
§ 98.25-65 Filling density.
§ 98.25-70 Venting.
Table 98.25-70(b)_Capacity of Branch Vents or Vent Headers------------------------------------------------------------------------ Percent of Number of cargo tanks total valve discharge------------------------------------------------------------------------1 or 2................................................... 1003........................................................ 904........................................................ 805........................................................ 706 or more................................................ 60------------------------------------------------------------------------
§ 98.25-75 Ventilation.
§ 98.25-80 Cargo hose.
§ 98.25-85 Electrical bonding.
§ 98.25-90 Special operating requirements.
§ 98.25-95 Tests and inspections.
§ 98.25-97 Nondestructive testing.
