14 C.F.R. PART 23--AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES
TITLE 14--Aeronautics and Space
CHAPTER I--FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SUBCHAPTER C--AIRCRAFT
PART 23--AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES
Subpart A--GENERAL
|
|
| Special retroactive requirements.
|
|
Subpart B--FLIGHT
|
|
| Load distribution limits.
|
|
|
|
| Empty weight and corresponding center of gravity.
|
|
|
|
| Propeller speed and pitch limits.
|
|
|
|
| Accelerate-stop distance.
|
|
|
|
| Takeoff distance and takeoff run.
|
|
|
|
| Climb: All engines operating.
|
|
|
|
| Takeoff climb: One-engine inoperative.
|
|
|
|
| Climb: One engine inoperative.
|
|
|
|
| Glide: Single-engine airplanes.
|
|
|
|
| Reference landing approach speed.
|
|
|
|
| Directional and lateral control.
|
|
|
|
| Elevator control force in maneuvers.
|
|
|
|
| Static longitudinal stability.
|
|
|
|
| Demonstration of static longitudinal stability.
|
|
|
|
| Static directional and lateral stability.
|
|
|
|
| Turning flight and accelerated turning stalls.
|
|
|
|
| Longitudinal stability and control.
|
|
|
|
| Directional stability and control.
|
|
|
|
| Operation on unpaved surfaces.
|
|
|
|
| High speed characteristics.
|
|
Subpart C--STRUCTURE
|
|
| Canard or tandem wing configurations.
|
|
|
|
| Strength and deformation.
|
|
|
|
| Symmetrical flight conditions.
|
|
|
|
| Limit maneuvering load factors.
|
|
|
|
| Unsymmetrical flight conditions.
|
|
|
|
| Side load on engine mount.
|
|
|
|
| Unsymmetrical loads due to engine failure.
|
|
|
|
| Gyroscopic and aerodynamic loads.
|
|
|
|
| Loads parallel to hinge line.
|
|
|
|
| Limit control forces and torques.
|
|
|
|
| Secondary control system.
|
|
|
|
| Outboard fins or winglets.
|
|
|
|
| Ground load conditions and assumptions.
|
|
|
|
| Landing gear arrangement.
|
|
|
|
| Level landing conditions.
|
|
|
|
| Tail down landing conditions.
|
|
|
|
| One-wheel landing conditions.
|
|
|
|
| Supplementary conditions for tail wheels.
|
|
|
|
| Supplementary conditions for nose wheels.
|
|
|
|
| Supplementary conditions for skiplanes.
|
|
|
|
| Ground load; unsymmetrical loads on multiple-wheel units.
|
|
|
|
| Design weights and center of gravity positions.
|
|
|
|
| Hull and main float load factors.
|
|
|
|
| Hull and main float landing conditions.
|
|
|
|
| Hull and main float takeoff condition.
|
|
|
|
| Hull and main float bottom pressures.
|
|
|
|
| Emergency landing dynamic conditions.
|
|
|
|
| Metallic pressurized cabin structures.
|
|
|
|
| Metallic wing, empennage, and associated structures.
|
|
|
|
| Damage tolerance and fatigue evaluation of structure.
|
|
|
|
| Metallic damage tolerance and fatigue evaluation of commuter category airplanes.
|
|
|
|
| Inspections and other procedures.
|
|
Subpart D--DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
|
|
| Materials and workmanship.
|
|
|
|
| Accessibility provisions.
|
|
|
|
| Material strength properties and design values.
|
|
|
|
| Stability augmentation and automatic and power-operated systems.
|
|
|
|
| Artificial stall barrier system.
|
|
|
|
| Wing flap position indicator.
|
|
|
|
| Ground load dynamic tests.
|
|
|
|
| Reserve energy absorption drop test.
|
|
|
|
| Landing gear extension and retraction system.
|
|
|
|
| Nose/tail wheel steering.
|
|
|
|
| Motion and effect of cockpit controls.
|
|
|
|
| Cockpit control knob shape.
|
|
|
|
| Seats, berths, litters, safety belts, and shoulder harnesses.
|
|
|
|
| Baggage and cargo compartments.
|
|
|
|
| Passenger information signs.
|
|
|
|
| Flightcrew emergency exits.
|
|
|
|
| Passenger and crew compartment interiors.
|
|
|
|
| Cargo and baggage compartment fire protection.
|
|
|
|
| Combustion heater fire protection.
|
|
|
|
| Flammable fluid fire protection.
|
|
|
|
| Fire protection of flight controls, engine mounts, and other flight structure.
|
|
|
|
| Electrical bonding and protection against lightning and static electricity.
|
|
Subpart E--POWERPLANT
|
|
| Automatic power reserve system.
|
|
|
|
| Engine installation ice protection.
|
|
|
|
| Turbojet and turbofan engine thrust reverser systems tests.
|
|
|
|
| Turbopropeller-drag limiting systems.
|
|
|
|
| Powerplant operating characteristics.
|
|
|
|
| Fuel system independence.
|
|
|
|
| Fuel system lightning protection.
|
|
|
|
| Flow between interconnected tanks.
|
|
|
|
| Fuel system hot weather operation.
|
|
|
|
| Fuel tank expansion space.
|
|
|
|
| Fuel tank filler connection.
|
|
|
|
| Fuel tank vents and carburetor vapor vents.
|
|
|
|
| Pressure fueling systems.
|
|
|
|
| Fuel system lines and fittings.
|
|
|
|
| Fuel valves and controls.
|
|
|
|
| Propeller feathering system.
|
|
|
|
| Cooling test procedures for turbine engine powered airplanes.
|
|
|
|
| Cooling test procedures for reciprocating engine powered airplanes.
|
|
|
|
| Induction system icing protection.
|
|
|
|
| Carburetor deicing fluid flow rate.
|
|
|
|
| Carburetor deicing fluid system capacity.
|
|
|
|
| Carburetor deicing fluid system detail design.
|
|
|
|
| Induction air preheater design.
|
|
|
|
| Induction system screens.
|
|
|
|
| Induction system filters.
|
|
|
|
| Turbocharger bleed air system.
|
|
|
|
| Turbine engine bleed air system.
|
|
|
|
| Powerplant controls: General.
|
|
|
|
| Auxiliary power unit controls.
|
|
|
|
| Propeller speed and pitch controls.
|
|
|
|
| Propeller feathering controls.
|
|
|
|
| Turbine engine reverse thrust and propeller pitch settings below the flight regime.
|
|
|
|
| Carburetor air temperature controls.
|
|
|
|
| Designated fire zones; regions included.
|
|
|
|
| Nacelle areas behind firewalls.
|
|
|
|
| Lines, fittings, and components.
|
|
|
|
| Engine accessory compartment diaphragm.
|
|
|
|
| Fire extinguishing systems.
|
|
|
|
| Fire extinguishing agents.
|
|
|
|
| Extinguishing agent containers.
|
|
|
|
| Fire extinguishing systems materials.
|
|
Subpart F--EQUIPMENT
|
|
| Function and installation.
|
|
|
|
| Flight and navigation instruments.
|
|
|
|
| Equipment, systems, and installations.
|
|
|
|
| Electronic display instrument systems.
|
|
|
|
| Arrangement and visibility.
|
|
|
|
| Warning, caution, and advisory lights.
|
|
|
|
| Airspeed indicating system.
|
|
|
|
| Pitot heat indication systems.
|
|
|
|
| Magnetic direction indicator.
|
|
|
|
| Instruments using a power source.
|
|
|
|
| Powerplant instruments installation.
|
|
|
|
| Storage battery design and installation.
|
|
|
|
| Circuit protective devices.
|
|
|
|
| Electrical system fire protection.
|
|
|
|
| Master switch arrangement.
|
|
|
|
| Electric cables and equipment.
|
|
|
|
| Position light system installation.
|
|
|
|
| Position light system dihedral angles.
|
|
|
|
| Position light distribution and intensities.
|
|
|
|
| Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of position lights.
|
|
|
|
| Minimum intensities in any vertical plane of position lights.
|
|
|
|
| Maximum intensities in overlapping beams of position lights.
|
|
|
|
| Anticollision light system.
|
|
|
|
| Pneumatic de-icer boot system.
|
|
|
|
| Accessories for multiengine airplanes.
|
|
|
|
| Pressurization and pneumatic systems.
|
|
|
|
| Oxygen equipment and supply.
|
|
|
|
| Minimum mass flow of supplemental oxygen.
|
|
|
|
| Oxygen distribution system.
|
|
|
|
| Equipment standards for oxygen dispensing units.
|
|
|
|
| Means for determining use of oxygen.
|
|
|
|
| Chemical oxygen generators.
|
|
|
|
| Fire protection for oxygen equipment.
|
|
|
|
| Protection of oxygen equipment from rupture.
|
|
|
|
| Equipment containing high energy rotors.
|
|
Subpart G--OPERATING LIMITATIONS AND INFORMATION
|
|
| Operating maneuvering speed.
|
|
|
|
| Weight and center of gravity.
|
|
|
|
| Auxiliary power unit limitations.
|
|
|
|
| Maximum passenger seating configuration.
|
|
|
|
| Maximum operating altitude.
|
|
|
|
| Instructions for continued Airworthiness.
|
|
|
|
| Instrument markings: General.
|
|
|
|
| Magnetic direction indicator.
|
|
|
|
| Powerplant and auxiliary power unit instruments.
|
|
|
|
| Miscellaneous markings and placards.
|
|
|
|
| Operating limitations placard.
|
|
